Weltgeist

NIETZSCHE: Will to Power and Overcoming Nihilism (part 3)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 22:38:10 -0000

WATCH:
Part 1: https://youtu.be/0TbxTGwge-4
Part 2: https://youtu.be/S2keARUVGJM

In this third and final part of our series on Friedrich Nietzsche's concept of the Will to Power, we look at a modern interpretation (Bernard Reginster's The Affirmation of Life: Nietzsche on Overcoming Nihilism from 2006) to finally settle the question of whether or not the Will to power is a metaphysical concept or not -- turns out we have to take a middle road and figure out what exactly Nietzsche means by "power"...

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Why Religion is Fake | Freud

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 21:35:27 -0000

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Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

Sigmund Freud, in works such as The Future of an Illusion and Civilization and Its Discontents, was extremely critical of religion. Calling religions illusions, he maintained that they arise out of a child's need for comfort as it grows up in an increasingly hostile world as it leaves the parental bubble.

The desire for the safety of the father ultimately leads to what we would call religions today, often with god(s) as a father figure on central stage.

Moving on from the individual to the societal level, religions are illusions that help maintain civilization by encouraging adherents to repress their most violent, primal instincts.

Freud believed however, that religions would come to be discarded as their function is fulfilled by other mechanisms, by the advent of science and the further development of reason.

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Nietzsche's FORGOTTEN Book (part 1)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 20:32:43 -0000

WATCH: Schopenhauer Explained: The World as Will and Representation
https://youtu.be/f-djIdl8WO4

Friedrich Nietzsche's Daybreak is probably the most underrated canonical work of the famous German philosopher. Overshadowed by Beyond Good and Evil and Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Daybreak offers an overview of Nietzsche's main ideas in a way you might not have heard about them before. This first part covers the title of the book, Nietzsche's overarching project, and his love for the empirical presocratic philosophers (Democritus, Heraclitus, Anaximenes, Thales of Miletus) and his distaste for the idealistic philosophy of Plato and his World of Forms.

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Reading SCHOPENHAUER: Where to Start?

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 19:30:00 -0000

Download the cheatsheet: http://weltgeist.tv/schopenhauer
WATCH our videos on Schopenhauer's World as Will and Representation here:
Part 1: https://youtu.be/i87hX_uznEQ
Part 2: https://youtu.be/jAeKylqj-Xg
Part 3: https://youtu.be/JamIJ2IQHe8
All parts in one video: https://youtu.be/f-djIdl8WO4
"Where do I start with Schopenhauer?" is a question that comes up a lot. Do you need to read Plato, or Kant? Or even Eastern philosophy? In this video we make a few recommendations.

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NIETZSCHE: On Madness and Genius

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 17:27:16 -0000

A short video discussing an interesting section of Nietzsche's early work Daybreak. If you want more Nietzsche philosophy videos, we have entire series dedicated to Beyond Good and Evil, Daybreak, and the Genealogy of Morals. What is the role of the insane and the genius in society? Nietzsche provides an interesting answer.

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Why Did This Painting Offend Christians?

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 16:24:32 -0000

There's a 10 minute bonus video on this subject on Patreon, available right now. Support us:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

Caspar David Friedrich's Cross in the Mountains might seem like an innocent painting. It is what is says: a cross in the mountains.

But it sparked a huge debate culture war in Germany. The painting became the battleground for the so-called Ramdohrstreit, the Ramdohr Battle.

The painting was an altarpiece, yet it depicted a landscape. A huge faux pas: landscape painting was considered one of the lowest genres of painting. Totally unfitting for an altarpiece, which should show a historical scene (the crucifixion of Jesus) or an allegory for God (such as the Lamb of God).

The painting became a dividing line in a battle for the meaning of art. Neoclassicism versus Romanticism.

Should art conform to timeless, objective ideals, or can art also be transformative if it has a strong subjective effect?

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Arthur Schopenhauer on Noise (Misophonia)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 15:21:49 -0000

DOWNLOAD "ON NOISE" (free):
https://weltgeist.tv/noise

WATCH: Schopenhauer Explained: The World as Will and Representation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-djIdl8WO4

This is an appreciation video for Schopenhauer's underrated essay "On Noise", part of the Parerga and Paralipomena. We explore and appreciate this grumpy old man's disgust and irritation at all the noise and disturbances of living in the big city. Whips, crying children, barking dogs. Schopenhauer hated it all. But through his irritation and philosophical influence, he did become one of the first modern, Western philosophers to champion animal rights. How? Find out by watching this video, or reading the essay: https://weltgeist.tv/noise .

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NIETZSCHE: Will to Power - From Thus Spoke Zarathustra to Beyond Good and Evil (part 2)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 14:19:05 -0000

WATCH our in-depth video on the Will to Power in Beyond Good and Evil here:
https://youtu.be/2Ap9lkhHizU

PART 1:
https://youtu.be/0TbxTGwge-4

In this second part we go over Nietzsche's entire body of published work and trace how the concept of the Will to Power evolved throughout Nietzsche's intellectual career and philosophy.
We see how Nietzsche first thinks about power in The Joyful Science but how the term was first coined in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, and how it gradually becomes an all-encompassing force by the time we get to works such as Beyond Good and Evil, Twilight of the Idols and The Anti-Christ. We will see how the main question in this series, "is the Will to Power a metaphysical force or a materialist or psychological drive?" is not so simple to answer.
In the third and final part we will conclude our series by looking at some contemporary interpretations of this notoriously difficult concept.

Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
01:35 The Joyful Science
03:22 Thus Spoke Zarathustra
05:38 Beyond Good and Evil
06:57 Twilight of the Idols
08:23 The Anti-Christ
10:15 Conclusion

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CESARE BORGIA: Nietzsche’s Idol, Machiavelli’s Hero

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 13:16:21 -0000

Support us & get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

Videos mentioned:
Why Nietzsche Loved the Renaissance: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oi4NIYPzmQ

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

In The Antichrist, Nietzsche speaks in raving terms about Cesare Borgia, the infamous Italian Renaissance warlord, ruthless conqueror, and, according to Machiavelli, brilliant strategist.

Nietzsche admired Cesare for his uncompromising morals, his will to power that saw him carve out his own path in life with no regard for conventional morality. Ruthless, ambitious, and living for the here and now, Cesare is mentioned both in The Antichrist as well as Beyond Good and Evil, with rare Nietzschean praise.

He dreams of seeing someone like Cesare Borgia in the papal seat, and in Nietzsche's alternative daydream version of history, that would've spelled the end of Christianity as we know it. A full frontal assault right in the center of the enemy: the most un-Christian man in the most Christian chair.

Instead, the Renaissance was destroyed, and Christianity was saved, by none other than Martin Luther. As Nietzsche quipped, he saved Christianity, and destroyed Europe.

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Why Nietzsche Didn't HATE the Stoics (It's Complicated)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 12:13:38 -0000

WATCH: Nietzsche Explained: Beyond Good and Evil (all parts):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WIHXZUltfqk

Stoicism is becoming increasingly popular as a philosophy of life in the 21st century. Yet, another popular philosopher, Nietzsche, seems to take a big stand against Stoicism most notably in a famous passage in Beyond Good and Evil. The Stoic is accused of hypocrisy, of arguing in circles, and of denying life itself.

Yet this is not the whole picture. Aside from the famous passage in Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche is more nuanced in other works, most notably The Gay Science (The Joyous Science) and his little-known work Daybreak.

In this video we take a look at Nietzsche's writings on Stoicism. We take a deeper look at a disturbing passage in Epictetus's Enchiridion, and we try to clear the fog a little bit: did Nietzsche hate the Stoics, or not? It will be seen that Nietzsche's view is more nuanced although he does have big problems with the Stoic philosophy.

Would Nietzsche prefer Caesar over Marcus Aurelius? Probably. Did he HATE Marcus Aurelius? Probably not.

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Why Society Hates Intelligent People | Schopenhauer

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 11:10:54 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

READ: Balthasar Gracian's Pocket Oracle and Art of Worldly Wisdom: https://amzn.to/3CdvRUk

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

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How to Understand Modern Art (with Arthur Schopenhauer)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 10:08:10 -0000

WATCH: Schopenhauer Explained: Aesthetics of Music and Nature:
https://youtu.be/JamIJ2IQHe8

Have you ever looked at a piece of abstract painting, and thought "what is this about?" This video is for you. We offer an interpretation of abstract painting using German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer's theory of aesthetics. We compare two paintings, Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii, and Wassily Kandinsky's Composition 8. A look at Kandinsky's theoretical writings, in particular On the Spiritual in Art, will offer a solid interpretation of abstract painting that you might not have heard of before.

If you like this video, please share and like. It helps out the channel a lot. And if you've subscribed, thank you!

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How Nietzsche Accidentally Discovered Dostoevsky

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 09:05:27 -0000

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Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

In The Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche spends the entire final third of the book answering a single question: what is the meaning of ascetic ideals?

The ascetic ideal in Nietzsche's philosophy is the form that nihilism takes, it is that which promotes a movement away from the world, from the body, from the flesh, from our humanity. He sees this principle at work in every realm of human endeavor, from art to religion to philosophy and even modern science.

In this video we provide an overview of how the ascetic ideal - nihilism - finds its way into the artistic world through Wagner's Parsifal, into the religious domain through Christianity, in philosophy with Schopenhauer, and finally how even modern science, through Darwin and Copernicus and the like, provides a feeding ground for nihilism.

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EPICURUS: Four Steps to a Good Life (Epicureanism)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 08:02:43 -0000

Read Epicurus's Letter: http://weltgeist.tv/epicurus
Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived in the 3rd century BC. The philosophy named after him, Epicureanism, is based on actionable advice and typical Greek moderation. Commonly misunderstood as plain hedonism, Epicureanism offers adherents a good life in four steps. They are about the gods, good things, bad things, and even death. Epicureanism offers something of an alternative to Stoicism, even though both philosophies tend to use the same concepts, such as "ataraxia" and "aponia".

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The Philosophy of Ghosts

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 07:00:00 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

More on Schopenhauer's World as Will and Representation:
▶ https://youtu.be/f-djIdl8WO4

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
04:18 The 19th century & the paranormal
12:34 Schopenhauer's supernatural experiences
16:43 Schopenhauer's philosophy and the paranormal
37:06 Dreams and ghosts
58:38 Ghosts and dreams
01:02:29 Magic and the end of philosophy

Schopenhauer was always fascinated with the paranormal. He had over 100 books on ghosts, magic, hypnotism, sleepwalking, dreams, etc. in his personal library.

This fascination he wisely kept out of his main work of philosophy, The World as Will and Representation, but in his collection of essays, we find a veritable philosophy of "spirit apparitions."

Schopenhauer is characteristically modest in this essay and offers a first step towards a more complete philosophy of the paranormal. Because he is convinced that belief in ghosts is innate in humans, and therefore, if a philosophy claims to explain the whole world and every possible experience, these human, all-too-human experiences must find a place in it also.

He makes a connection with dreams, and posits that ghosts could potentially have an ideal existence (ideal as in, from transcendental idealism) as opposed to a materialist or spiritualist existence.

How does that work? Through an organ in the brain that he calls the dream organ... Because dreams prove that the brain is capable of generating images without any external stimuli. In going to sleep, the brain switches between modes: it goes from dealing with the external world, to dealing with the internal world.

There is an in-between moment though, when this switch happens. And there is were ghost apparitions come in. You make the room dark and quiet, the brain directs energy away from the processes that take care of the external world, and it focuses on the internal world... Sometimes it can create visions, but imperfect ones: they have a dreamlike gauze, they disappear if you focus your eye on them, they have a translucent, ethereal sheen to them... Ghosts.

The subjective experience of seeing a ghosts is then mirrored in his philosophy because the subjective experience must have an objective counterpart in the Will. A ghost apparition then, requires two rare phenomena to occur together: two persons with strong connections to the world as Will who meet in the strange in-between zone of subjective and objective reality. How all of this works exactly, Schopenhauer isn't sure. But he is hopeful scientists of the future will figure it out...

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NIETZSCHE Explained: Slave Morality in Beyond Good and Evil (part 3)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 05:57:16 -0000

WATCH:
NIETZSCHE Explained: Beyond Good and Evil (part 1):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG9Djq6PVK8

NIETZSCHE Explained: Will to Power in Beyond Good and Evil (part 2):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Ap9lkhHizU

In this third and (for the moment) final part on Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil, we explore the concept of slave morality. Particularly as it pertains to Christianity and Schopenhauer's philosophy. A lot of what is said in this video, is elaborated on in Nietzsche's subsequent work, On the Genealogy of Morals. If this video does well, we will release a full video on this seminal philosophical work.
Nietzsche's main critique on Christianity is that the Christian is weak; anti-life; unnatural. Why? Because the Christian (as does Schopenhauer) regards this world as not that important: it's a preparation for the afterlife. Christians think this because they are a powerless class, as opposed to the ancient Romans who were their historical enemies. The slave revolt in morals is a famous Nietzschean concept and appears together with "ressentiment" in full glory in On the Genealogy of Morals, but is alluded to in Beyond Good and Evil as well. In that way, this video serves as a good bridge between Beyond Good and Evil and Genealogy of Morals.

We highly recommend you watch the other parts in this series before watching this one.

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Ancient Greece Was a Lot More Violent Than You Think. Here’s Why.

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 04:54:32 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

WATCH:
▶ Why Nietzsche Loved Thucydides: https://youtu.be/XI2dVkHoG7Q

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 A strange discovery
03:16 Aeschylus
06:30 Plato’s Republic
10:36 The Melian Dialogue
14:11 The Riace Bronzes

Music:
"Devastation and Revenge"
"Drums of the Deep"
"Suonatore di Liuto"
by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Why Society is Sick | Nietzsche and Dostoevsky

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 04:21:00 -0000

To try everything Brilliant has to offer—free—for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/Weltgeist/. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription.

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

WATCH:
▶ Why Nietzsche Loved Dostoevsky: https://youtu.be/k6b6aTMw6iM

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
03:09 Décadence
05:23 The slave revolt in morals
08:57 The auto-domestication of man
11:16 The birth of décadence
12:17 The criminal
17:19 Dostoevsky's House of the Dead
19:26 The exceptions

It's a short passage in Twilight of the Ideals where Nietzsche deals with the criminal and his psychological valuation of him. But in order to fully comprehend Nietzsche unorthodox sociology and psychology of the criminal, we need to take deep dive through his entire philosophy, and visit The Genealogy of Morals as well as The Antichrist.

Décadence and the morality of custom take center stage as Nietzsche sketches a sociology where society domesticates man. It suppresses our violent instincts so that society can run smoothly. Better to be cooperative, well-spoken, polite, than an aggressive, violent brute.

But the suppression of these animalistic drives in man comes at a cost: it fosters a disease which Nietzsche dubbed décadence, and all of society, through the long march of history from the paleolithic, through Christianity, to now, has become sick with it.

Only some individuals retain a bit of their primal strength. Not fully internalized, not fully externalized. That is the criminal: the strong man made sick.

Nietzsche puts traditional sociology on its head: rather than the criminal being the odd one out, being the exception, Nietzsche says society is the exception, society is the sick one, the criminal the healthy one. Only that he has become sick because his environment is sick.

The criminal who loses the fight against society, succumbs to it, and internalizes his aggression and develops a bad conscience. But some individuals are so strong that they aren't changed by society -- they change society.

This video was sponsored by Brilliant. Thanks!

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Why Nietzsche Loved Napoleon

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 03:51:49 -0000

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Why the Greeks Glorified Violence (And We Don’t)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 02:49:05 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

WATCH:
▶ Ancient Greece Was a Lot More Violent Than You Think. Here’s Why. https://youtu.be/a4cbNXGOa24

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

3D artwork of the shield of Achilles by Petros Haralampides - check out his work!
▶ https://www.artstation.com/petrosharalampides

Music:
"Shadowlands 3 - Machine"
"Oppressive Gloom"
by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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The ONLY Great Character in the Bible | Nietzsche

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 01:46:21 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
04:36 The Antichrist
06:46 The Quest for the Historical Jesus
17:23 The Buried Jesus
24:57 The Evasive Jesus
34:02 The traditional view
41:43 Nietzsche’s view

READ: Balthasar Gracian's Pocket Oracle and Art of Worldly Wisdom: https://amzn.to/3CdvRUk

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

Nietzsche's The Antichrist is a provocative book in many ways. Among its many controversial and heretical claims, there is one that stands out: Nietzsche says Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor who oversaw the trial of Jesus and his crucifixion, is the only character in the New Testament worthy of honor.

Why is that? Because in Nietzsche's view, he enriched the New Testament "with the only saying that has any value"; his famous question to Jesus: "what is truth?"

For Nietzsche, this sentence is at once the destruction of Christianity. And in light of Nietzsche's later philosophy, it is also an indictment of philosophy itself.

First, Nietzsche has an idiosyncratic view of the person of Jesus and the composition of the Gospels. In short, he believes that much of the Gospels consists of additions and mythologizations by the disciples of Jesus, who, in their quest for revenge against those who crucified their Master, ascribed to Jesus attitudes and ideas that were absent in Jesus himself. Most notably, Jesus never speaks in terms of absolute truth but always exists in the strange space between yes and no, such as when he says to render undo Caesar what is Caesar's. But it's with the Apostles that terms like reward, punishment, saved versus damned, sinfulness versus blessedness... truth versus lie come into the fold. It's Nietzsche's conviction that Jesus never intended to start a religion or to relay dogma, but to bequeath to mankind a new way of life. His disciples however, greatly misunderstood him.

Hence Pilate's question, is at once a kind of pre-emptive destruction of what Christianity became under the influence of the Apostles: a new religion was created, with a set of dogmas to follow. Pilate pre-emptively sowed the seeds of its destruction with his quip, asking would-be Christians "what is truth?"

Second, Nietzsche sees in Pilate a fore-runner for himself. Pilate took a local, historical, political quarrel ("should I sentence this Jesus fellow or not?") and turned it into a philosophical quarrel. What is truth? For Nietzsche, this is a deeply profound statement, as Nietzsche more and more starts to question the value of truth itself, just like Pilate seemed to do 2000 years ago. For Nietzsche, the "will to truth" is the last "prejudice of the philosopher", the last unquestioned presupposition that we all uncritically accept as self-evidently true. It's worthwhile to pursue truth, that's what all philosophy tries to do, after all. But Nietzsche asks: is it really? Why do we prefer truth? Why not rather untruth? In this, he sees a kindred spirit in Pilate, who utters the only "philosophical phrase" in the whole New Testament, and for added dramatic effect, he asks the question to the personification of Truth himself: Jesus Christ.

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NIETZSCHE Explained: Will to Power in Beyond Good and Evil (part 2)

Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:43:38 -0000

The Will to Power is one of the most famous concepts in Nietzsche's philosophy. In this video we will explore the concept as it appears in the work, Beyond Good and Evil. This is part two in a planned three-part series on Friedrich Nietzsche's 'Beyond Good and Evil' alone. If you want to know when the other parts come out, please subscribe.

Nietzsche's problem with the old philosophers of the past, such as Kant, Descartes, Spinoza, and Schopenhauer, continue. He accuses these philosophers not of having a will to Truth, but of having a will to Power. He then asks us the question: can this will to power explain the state of affairs in the world? Do we even need Christianity, or some complex “otherworldy” philosophy, like those of Schopenhauer, Spinoza, or Kant? What if the world is Will to Power — and nothing besides? What does that look like? This video explores Nietzsche’s tentative answer.

WATCH part 1 here:
NIETZSCHE Explained: Beyond Good and Evil (pt. 1):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kG9Djq6PVK8

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Why Goethe Matters and Where to Start Reading Him

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 23:40:54 -0000

RECOMMENDATIONS:
▶ All-In One Dramatization (free w/ trial: Werther, Faust, & more): https://amzn.to/48tHcTu
▶ The Essential Goethe: https://amzn.to/4pmYur7
▶ The Sorrows of Young Werther: https://amzn.to/4pVbKmM
▶ Goethe: Life as a Work of Art by Rüdiger Safranski: https://amzn.to/3KvJf03
▶ Also as audiobook (free with trial): https://amzn.to/4a3jzlR
▶ Faust performance on YouTube: https://youtu.be/qaogjXLdPow
▶ Faust performance on DVD (careful to pick the right DVD option US/EU): https://amzn.to/3Mwwp21
▶ Conversations with Goethe by Eckermann: https://amzn.to/48XAp4m

For Werther, Faust, Torquato Tasso, the Green Serpent, and more: get the dramatization audiobook.
For Faust, Wilhelm Meister, Torquato Tasso, poems, essays on science and nature: get the Essential Goethe book.
For a complete round-up: get Eckermann.

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
01:27 Life as a work of art
03:06 The Sorrows of Young Werther
06:22 Faust, Part One
12:59 Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship
18:14 Torquato Tasso
19:04 The Green Serpent and the Beautiful Lily
20:05 Conversations with Goethe
21:14 Conclusion

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

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SCHOPENHAUER Explained: The World as Will and Representation (ALL PARTS)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 22:38:10 -0000

Arthur Schopenhauer is one of the most influential German philosophers. His philosophy of the Will has influenced thinkers and scientists such as Sigmund Freud, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, and even Albert Einstein. In many ways, Schopenhauer will also anticipate existentialism. In this documentary on the philosophy of Schopenhauer, we take a deep dive into Schopenhauer's magnum opus: The World as Will and Representation. We look at Schopenhauer's metaphysical system, his indebtedness to Immanuel Kant, and his philosophy of the Will.

This video also explores Schopenhauer's ethics and focuses on two recommendations: compassion and asceticism. We also introduce the concept of "agape", or divine love. Schopenhauer's intense focus on the individual, could be seen in some ways as a precursor to the existentialism movement later in philosophy.

Thirdly: Schopenhauer has sometimes been called "the artists' philosopher" because of his lasting influence on art. Art, for Schopenhauer, is a way for us to forget our suffering, even for only a short time. And music was the most perfect means to do so. Lots of artists took Schopenhauer's aesthetic theory to heart and felt emboldened in the pursuit of their craft as a result. We also touch upon his rediscovery of the Platonic Ideas.

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Why Nietzsche Hated English Philosophy

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 21:35:27 -0000

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NIETZSCHE: Will to Power - Introduction (part 1)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 20:32:43 -0000

Welcome to the first part of our series on the famous Will to Power. We will tackle this elusive concept of Nietzsche in three parts.

This first part will serve as an introduction of sorts. We’ll go over Nietzsche’s intellectual background, most importantly the influence of Schopenhauer and Darwinism. We will also look at the question of interpretation: is the Will to Power a metaphysical principle or simply a human drive or emotion?

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Why Do Christians Celebrate Christmas? St. Anselm on Why God Became Man | Theology

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 19:30:00 -0000

St. Anselm of Canterbury was an Italian Benedictine monk who lived in the 11th century AD. Chiefly known for his so-called ontological proof of God, he also wrote other theological treatises such as "Why God Became Man".
This video explores the theological significance of Christmas. Why did God become human? What was the point?

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Nietzsche REALLY Hated Priests

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 17:27:16 -0000

To try everything Brilliant has to offer—free—for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/Weltgeist/ . You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
02:56 Insanity and censored works
05:24 The Law against Christianity
07:57 Philosophy of Insanity?
10:00 First proposition
14:09 Second proposition
25:53 Third proposition
26:26 Fourth proposition
32:14 Fifth proposition
34:17 Sixth proposition
40:38 Seventh proposition

Nietzsche's The Antichrist was written in 1888 but only published 6 years later. Publication was delayed because not long after writing the work, Nietzsche started writing his so-called "insanity letters" (Wahnbriefe) to friends, which caused them concern for his mental well-being. He signs these letters as either The Crucified One or Dionysus, and claims (among other things) he has created the world and that the Pope should be shot.

His friends are concerned and send him to the doctor while they take control over the manuscript of The Antichrist. The book would not see publications for over half a decade.

Ostensibly, because they thought this book was written while Nietzsche was already mentally unwell and that therefore, it shouldn't be considered a serious work of philosophy of his. But actually, the book itself is very straightforward, sets out arguments in a neat, orderly manner -- totally unlike his later insanity letters. No, the book was more than likely withheld because of its radical anti-Christian contents.

The final page of the book, a declaration of a "Law against Christianity" was initially omitted from the work because it was thought to be a separate note that wasn't necessarily intended to be included. Later scholarship has proven that this enigmatic final page should indeed be part of the Antichrist, but even today many editions lack this concluding section of the work.

It was suppressed for its radical tone and anti-Christian sentiment. Why? Nietzsche is, characteristically for this period, hyperbolic and radical. He lists seven propositions, policy proposals, that together make up his "Law against Christianity."

In summary, they are:

1) Priests should be locked up
2) Church services are an attack on public morality
3) The birthplace of Christianity should be razed to the ground
4) Chastity is anti-nature
5) Associating with priests should be a crime
6) Words like “God”, “savior” and “redeemer” should be used as insults, fit for criminals
7) All the rest follows from this.

This video takes a deeper dive into each proposition Nietzsche wrote down here, and examines them in the light of his earlier philosophy. Was this final page the work of a madman, writing on the edge of insanity, or does it follow logically from his earlier work?

This video was sponsored by Brilliant.

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Was Schopenhauer a Pessimist?

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 16:24:32 -0000

The philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer has often been cited as a textbook example of philosophical pessimism. Yet, strangely enough, Schopenhauer himself never refers to either himself, or his writings, as pessimistic. Even stranger, Schopenhauer has often been called a hypocrite for having a pessimistic philosophy while also enjoying fine dining in Frankfurt restaurants, frequent trips to the opera, and affairs with women. As Nietzsche famously remarked (in Beyond Good and Evil), he played the flute every night -- is this a pessimist? In this video we take a dive into Schopenhauer's main work, The World as Will and Representation, and we find out if he can be truly called a "pessimist"... and in what sense.

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Self-help is dead. Read this instead.

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 15:21:49 -0000

Books mentioned:
▶ Gracián audiobook: https://amzn.to/458iCWb
▶ Gracián paperback: https://amzn.to/3MXpaAu
▶ Rilke audiobook: https://amzn.to/3Yc8lV1
▶ Rilke paperback: https://amzn.to/45rn9Tq
▶ Bonus: Rilke Selected Poems audiobook: https://amzn.to/4pf25a4

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Thumbnail inspiration: https://youtu.be/92tVm7VSlic

GOETHE RECOMMENDATIONS:
▶ All-In One Dramatization (free w/ trial: Werther, Faust, & more): https://amzn.to/48tHcTu
▶ The Essential Goethe: https://amzn.to/4pmYur7
▶ The Sorrows of Young Werther: https://amzn.to/4pVbKmM
▶ Goethe: Life as a Work of Art by Rüdiger Safranski: https://amzn.to/3KvJf03
▶ Also as audiobook (free with trial): https://amzn.to/4a3jzlR
▶ Faust performance on YouTube: https://youtu.be/qaogjXLdPow
▶ Faust performance on DVD (careful to pick the right DVD option US/EU): https://amzn.to/3Mwwp21
▶ Conversations with Goethe by Eckermann: https://amzn.to/48XAp4m

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

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NIETZSCHE Explained: Beyond Good and Evil (part 1)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 14:19:05 -0000

Friedrich Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil is one of the most important works in Western philosophy. Written in 1886, it represented Nietzsche's attempt to elucidate ideas first written about in Also Sprach Zarathustra (Thus Spoke Zarathustra). Unfortunately, the book is also very difficult and widely misunderstood. This video attempts to set the stage for a deeper understanding of this seminal work of German philosophy.
In this first part, we explore the significance of the title, Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, and we introduce the concept of the "philosophical prejudice" which is the main theme of the work. Nietzsche believed "other philosophers" (all those who came before him; notably Descartes, Kant, Plato, Schopenhauer and the Stoics) suffered, unbeknownst to them, from hidden presuppositions. Nietzsche, the philosopher with the hammer, seeks to destroy these presuppositions and lead the charge in the creation of a new philosophy of the future.
In this part we mainly discuss Nietzsche's treatment of Descartes famous "cogito ergo sum", "I think, therefore I am" argument. In later parts we will discuss the Will to Power and other Nietzschean philosophical concepts.

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Why Dostoevsky Hated Napoleon

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 13:16:21 -0000

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How to Become a Monster | Nietzsche

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 12:13:38 -0000

To try everything Brilliant has to offer—free—for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/Weltgeist/ . You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
03:10 Nietzsche the psychologist
09:40 Nietzsche the Greek
25:01 Into the abyss
30:44 A psychology of the future
42:23 Nietzsche and cruelty
52:50 Zarathustra speaks

"He who fights monsters, should see to it that he doesn't become a monster himself. And if you stare long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you."

This is one of most famous yet mysterious quotes by Friedrich Nietzsche. What does it mean? In this video, we try to offer an exposition of this aphorism, according to Nietzsche's own dictum that an aphorism is not understood at first reading, but requires an "art of exposition."

Nietzsche claims that he is the only psychologist so far who has dared to venture into the depths of the human soul. Western society being so strongly influenced by Platonism and Christianity that we cannot look beyond our naive belief in opposites: good versus evil, truth vs lie, egoism versus altruism.

He harkens back to a pre-Platonic view of looking at the world, in the manner of the Homeric Greeks, before Plato and his "Egyptianism" sought to capture Being in neat concepts (ideas) instead preferring a Heraclitean way of looking at things: reality and nature being in an eternal flux of Becoming.

Such a worldview would go Beyond Good and Evil and beyond the naive belief in antinomies, and would pave the way for a new psychology of the depths, a psychology that reckons honestly with the dark side within the human soul rather than explaining it away as the result of ignorance or an imperfect representation of some Platonic Ideal, a corrupt copy of a copy of "the Good."

No, says Nietzsche, the monster at bottom of many a human soul must be confronted honestly, and reckoned with as part of human nature. Only then will we be able to make way for the coming of the Superman.

As Zarathustra says, mankind needs to become more evil.

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Nietzsche: Why Arguing is for Weak People

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 11:10:54 -0000

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Why Love is about POWER | Nietzsche

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 10:08:10 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

Mentioned in the video:
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

In the Joyful Science, Nietzsche notes his surprise in how our culture came to regard love as a sweet, romantic, selfless, self-sacrificial thing. For Nietzsche, true love is actually the opposite of these things: it's about desire, about wanting something for yourself, about not being willing to share, about willing to compete with rivals and to wish for them nothing, and for yourself, everything.

He even goes so far as to say that love and greed might be the same psychological impulse, just under a different name.

But then how did love come to be associated with selflessness? The answer is to be found in the slave revolt in morals: the powerless, deprived as they were of the pleasures of love, invented an imaginary victory over the powerful: they transvaluated the value of love, redefined it to mean general love of mankind (agape in the Ancient Greek sense) so that now anyone could enjoy the pleasures of love, not just the happy few. Through a long march through our culture (Nietzsche always maintained the slave revolt in morals was a resounding success) the slaves succeeded in taking love, originally conceived as Eros, a violent, lust-filled affair with a tinge of violence in it (just think of jealousy as one of the strongest human emotions) and turned it into Agape, a kind of neutered, general, abstract "love of mankind."

The Western, Romantic conception of love is the history for a forgetting of the original meaning of love, and the heart of darkness within it, the human, all-too-human base impulses that rule our existence: the desire for power, domination, competition.

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SCHOPENHAUER Explained: Aesthetics of Music and Nature (pt. 3)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 09:05:27 -0000

In the third and final part of our series on the core philosophy of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, we explore his theory of aesthetics. We highly recommend you watch the previous videos in this series, on both his metaphysics and ethics, before watching this one.
Schopenhauer has sometimes been called "the artists' philosopher" because of his lasting influence on art. Art, for Schopenhauer, is a way for us to forget our suffering, even for only a short time. And music was the most perfect means to do so. Lots of artists took Schopenhauer's aesthetic theory to heart and felt emboldened in the pursuit of their craft as a result. We also touch upon his rediscovery of the Platonic Ideas.

Watch: SCHOPENHAUER Explained: Metaphysics of the Will:
https://youtu.be/i87hX_uznEQ
Watch: SCHOPENHAUER Explained: Ethics of Compassion (pt. 2)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAeKylqj-Xg

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Schopenhauer's Philosophy of Religion - Buddhism and Hinduism (pt. 3)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 08:21:00 -0000

WATCH:
Pt. 1: https://youtu.be/f9EVlUJyrQg
Pt. 2: https://youtu.be/XAXj06hZe5I

It is pretty well-known that Schopenhauer greatly admired both Buddhism and Hinduism. It’s said he read the Upanishads every night before bed, and at the end of his life he even taught himself Sanskrit. Let’s take a closer look at his thought on these Eastern religions.

Recall how in the previous parts we saw how Schopenhauer calls religions pessimistic or optimistic depending on how they interpret the nature of the material world. According to this classification, Judaism was optimistic while Christianity was pessimistic.

Buddhism and Hinduism of course, are both pessimistic with regards to the material world.

The Buddhistic acknowledgement that life is suffering, that earthly happiness cannot be found, the strict ascetic lifestyle of Buddhists and Brahmans, these factors are, in Schopenhauer’s lexicon, signs of a pessimistic religion: a religion that regards with contempt the material world and seeks to turn away from it through fasting, meditation, and abstinence.

The question is, where does this pessimism come from? Ultimately, the pessimistic outlook must stem from an epistemic scepticism regarding the material world. What this means is that there must be a conviction that the material world is not the world of supreme importance, that something exists beyond mere matter, that the material world is an illusion.

We see how Buddhism and Brahmanism (or Hinduism) are in fundamental agreement (even if there are some particular differences) with Schopenhauer’s metaphysical as well as moral teachings. While New Testament Christianity is certainly in agreement with Schopenhauer’s moral teachings, it is lacking on the metaphysical front. Buddhism and Hinduism, on the other hand, score well on both fronts. For this reason, Schopenhauer ranks the Eastern religions as the most perfect expressions of truth to be found in religion.

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Schopenhauer's Philosophy of Religion - Why Religion Must PRETEND to Be Literally True (pt. 1)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 08:02:43 -0000

You may not realize it, but hidden in his collection of essays, Arthur Schopenhauer has worked out a more or less systematic philosophy of religion. This is the first part in a series of videos that will cover Schopenhauer’s unique outlook on religion. If you want to be notified when the other parts come out, please consider subscribing and clicking the bell button.

Schopenhauer’s main gripe with religion is with the distinction they make between meaning in sensu proprio versus in sensu allegorico.

“Sensu proprio” is the Latin term he uses which basically means “in a literal sense.” Sensu allegorico, of course, means “in an allegorical sense.”

What happens with religion, is they present some kind of dogma, which might be true in an allegorical sense, but they have to pretend to mean it in a literal sense. Religion cannot pretend its main tenets are merely allegorical because doing so would mean to undermine their own credibility.

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This Painting Almost Made Dostoevsky Atheist

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 07:00:00 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT
▶ Follow us on X for updates: https://x.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

When Dostoevsky was on the run from creditors, he and his wife arrived in the Swiss city of Basel. There they visited the local art museum and saw one of Hans Holbein's most famous masterpieces: The Dead Body of Christ in the Tomb.

According to Anna, Dostoevsky's wife, her husband was completely transfixed upon viewing this painting. He stared at it for hours, even going so far as finding chairs in the museum to sit in front of it.

The painting would play a role in Dostoevsky's novel The Idiot, where the titular character pronounces that a painting like this might cause a man to lose his faith.

This video explores why that is. Dostoevsky grew up in the Russian Orthodox Church, and iconographically, this Church prefers to show Christ as a judge and ruler of mankind, the so-called Christos Pantokrator motif. Christ in his capacity as judge, sometimes literally during the Last Judgment, or other times sitting next to God the Father.

Even though Christian dogma holds that Christ was both fully human and fully divine, it's a curious feature of the human psyche that we find Christ-as-God more palatable to our sensibilities than Christ-as-man, because to fully think through this dogma leads us to some uncomfortable ideas. Such as: the fact that Christ, in his capacity as man, was tortured and died a brutal death.

Most Christian artworks featuring the death and torture of Christ try to beautify him. Think for example of the quiet grandeur of Zurbaran or Velazquez, or the epic character of a Rubens. But Holbein chose such strict realism that an urban legend arose he literally fished up a dead body from the Rhine river to more accurately depict a body in an advanced state of decomposition.

This is Death, purely and honestly, without any artistic flourish. Just a confrontation with how the disciples must've seen Jesus too. Beaten and bruised.

Dostoevsky says the painting is so powerful in its honesty that you really start to question the core Christian idea: could a body that looked like this, ever beat death? In The Idiot, the same questions pops up, but from the perspective of the disciples. They must've faced this same question. They didn't know that Christ would rise, how would they have felt, confronted with death like this, from their beloved master?

This is where Nietzsche pops in: Nietzsche argues that the disciples invented and inverted modern Christianity because they had this crisis of faith, spurred on by watching their leader be beaten and humiliated, and invented the Christian story of the resurrection in order to take revenge on the enemies of Jesus. Dostoevsky, of course, disagrees. He tackled his crisis of faith in another way: by radically affirming Christ, even if truth itself is against him.

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SCHOPENHAUER Explained: Ethics of Compassion (pt. 2)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 05:57:16 -0000

In the second instalment in our series on German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, we discuss his ethics. In the first video we saw how Schopenhauer thinks of the world, but the question now arises: what do we DO with that knowledge? This video explores Schopenhauer's ethics and focuses on two recommendations: compassion and asceticism. We also introduce the concept of "agape", or divine love. Schopenhauer's intense focus on the individual, could be seen in some ways as a precursor to the existentialism movement later in philosophy. The next part in this series will deal with the most famous aspect of Schopenhauer's philosophy: his aesthetics. If you don't want to miss, kindly subscribe to the channel.

P.S.: It's highly recommended you check out the first video in this series in order to understand this one.
Watch: SCHOPENHAUER Explained: Metaphysics of the Will:
https://youtu.be/i87hX_uznEQ

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So you want to read Kant

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 04:54:32 -0000

In this video we go over an often-asked question. You want to read Kant, but you don't know where to start. We offer a some guidelines. We don't think it's wise to jump into the Critique of Pure Reason without either a broad background in philosophy in general, and without some knowledge of Kant in particular. Which is why we recommend Kant's introductory work to his metaphysics: the Prolegomena. If you can master the Critique of Pure Reason: congratulations! Then the Critique of Practical Reason as well as the Critique of Judgment shouldn't be any problem.

Recommended reading and timestamps:

Philosophy textbook (general introduction): https://amzn.to/2N6f9SS
Prolegomena: https://amzn.to/37nGfMm
Critique of Pure Reason: https://amzn.to/3dnsWPF
All Three Critiques (Pure Reason, Practical Reason, Judgment): https://amzn.to/3aujWGN

Timestamps:
00:00 Introduction
00:32 Step 1: Read a college textbook on philosophy
01:51 Step 2: Read the Prolegomena
02:40 Step 3: Read the Critique of Pure Reason

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4 Books You MUST Read According to Schopenhauer

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 03:51:49 -0000

Deep within an essay On the Art of Thinking for Oneself, Schopenhauer has four novels to recommend his readers. Of course, they are each in a different language... He also gives us objective, measurable standards to judge the artistic merit of a novel. Schopenhauer looks at how much a novel deals with the inner life -- the more it deals with the inner life of the protagonist, the more artistic a novel becomes because it's the inner world that excites our interest - not the outer world of representation.

Schopenhauer's recommended reading list:

1) Tristram Shandy by Laurence Sterne (https://amzn.to/3toq2zW)
2) Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (https://amzn.to/36EeKxK)
3) Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (https://amzn.to/3pPkGvw)
4) Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes (https://amzn.to/3aBNKQO)

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Why Nietzsche Loved the Odyssey

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 02:49:05 -0000

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SCHOPENHAUER Explained: Metaphysics of the Will (pt. 1)

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 01:46:21 -0000

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Stoicism: Was Seneca a Hypocrite?

Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:43:38 -0000

Stoic philosopher Seneca was notoriously rich. Yet, in his writings, he never has a good word to say about luxury or riches. This tension between word and deed has been noticed even in Seneca's own time, when Martial gave the philosopher the mocking nickname "Seneca Praedives", or "Super-rich Seneca". In this video we explore a few ways to deal with this accusation of hypocrisy. We take a look at Nicholas Nassim Taleb's chapter on Seneca in his landmark work "Antifragile", as well as Seneca's own defense. Of course, there is an overarching question to be answered too - should we even care about hypocrisy in philosophers? Is it ethical to judge their writings by their deeds?

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How to Become Evil | Nietzsche

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 23:40:54 -0000

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TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
02:25 Zarathustra’s Context
06:38 The Tropical Monster
18:07 The Hammer and the Sculptor
25:07 The Sipo Matador
34:54 Conclusion

MENTIONED IN THE VIDEO:
▶ Nietzsche's Warning to Scientists: https://youtu.be/Qy8Xof92OYQ
▶ Nietzsche on Cesare Borgia: https://youtu.be/V8PtXOEbnQo

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

A puzzling passage in Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra speaks of the need for mankind to "become more evil." Did Nietzsche write this purely for shock value, or is there more to it? And how do we square this strange demand with Nietzsche's broader philosophical project of going BEYOND good and evil?

We go through three aphorisms from Nietzsche's Beyond Good and Evil in order to answer these questions. Each illuminates a different aspect of what Nietzsche meant by the word "evil."

First, The Tropical Monster. Nietzsche argues that nature, morality and mankind are fundamentally misunderstood so long as we seek a defectiveness or morbidness in the "tropical growths", in the constitution and lives of so-called great men of action. He singles out Cesare Borgia as the prime example of what in his day was regarded as an evil man, possibly alluding to Jacob Burckhardt and his influential Civilization of Renaissance Italy, where the historian highlights the cruelty of Cesare's methods, cruelty that far exceeded the degree necessary for the achievement of his aims. Rather than viewing good/evil in a simple dichotomy, where the presence of one necessitates the absence of another, Nietzsche argues for a view where good and evil go together, as in the final analysis they are both about capability and power. Cesare Borgia is a "tropical growth", a force of nature. Those historians and contemporaries who call Cesare a monster, Nietzsche argues, are in favor of the "temperate zones" - in favor of mediocrity. Morals as timidity.

Second, the Hammer and Sculptor. The human being, for Nietzsche, is a conglomeration of different instincts and drives, always seeking their own expression. Becoming more evil (cruel) also implies being cruel towards your own lesser instincts, like how a sculptor fashions a statue from marble. Only in mankind's case, we are both marble and sculptor. We must sculpt away at our lesser instincts and seek to overcome them.

Third, tying both visions together, is the metaphor of the Sipo Matador, a strangler fig. A plant that grows by wrapping around a tree, climbing upwards, and using its host for support. Nietzsche urges his reader to confront the "hard truth" about the origin of so-called noble societies, saying that any aristocratic class has depended for its own sake upon the labor and existence of lower classes. Rather than talking about economics he analyses these societies psychologically; where the emergence of an aristocratic class necessitated a psychological mindset of those would-be nobles, the so-called pathos of distance, the ability and self-confidence to issue commands and wield power. Cultivating this type of power, from the outside looking in, will inevitable look cruel or evil, but if human society is to flourish, like the blooming flower of the Sipo Matador, such a mindset will be necessary.

Finally, all of this ties into Nietzsche's broader project of confronting ex

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Nietzsche EXPLAINED: The Genealogy of Morals - Ascetic Ideals, Suffering, Will to Nothingness

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 22:38:10 -0000

Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaDxR7zOymI
Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ud_3lkq_tAk
Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwoLPrywnqs

Welcome to the final instalment in our series on Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals. In this video, we arrive at the grand conclusion. Nietzsche explores the question: "What do ascetic ideals mean?" Throughout history and throughout different types of men: the artist (Wagner), the philosopher (Schopenhauer), the aesthete (Kant) but most importantly, the priest (Christianity) and the scholar (scientists like Darwin and Copernicus). Nietzsche will argue that a Will to Nothingness underpins the ascetic ideal: it gives meaning to our suffering. Because, as Nietzsche said it at the start: Man would sooner will nothingness, than not will at all.

Thank you so much for watching. If you found this video helpful, please consider liking and subscribing.

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Why Did Ancient Greeks Love to Lie?

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 21:35:27 -0000

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TIMESTAMPS:

00:00 Introduction
01:16 The Greeks: A Bunch of Liars
03:21 The Greeks and Greek Civilisation (Burckhardt)
12:02 Oh, Those Greeks! (Nietzsche)
16:41 The problem of Plato

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

This video is sponsored by Imprint.

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Nietzsche's Problem With Socrates

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 20:32:43 -0000

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Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

In Twilight of the Idols, Nietzsche opens up the chapter "The Problem of Socrates" with a bold statement: he calls him ugly.

By itself that's not really a controversial statement: Socrates's unsightly physique is well-attested in ancient sources, and Socrates himself (with a dint of his trademark irony) even agrees with detractors who insult his looks. (His bulging crab-like eyes, for example, allow him to take a broader view of the world than those with normal, forward-facing eyes can... he says to his friend Crito.)

What's so provocative about Nietzsche's statement is not the statement itself but rather that he uses it as an argument against Socrates. Isn't that the classic example of an ad hominem attack? You're ugly therefore you're wrong?

But Nietzsche goes deeper into it and uses the ugliness of Socrates as a springboard to critique ancient Greek culture - how Socrates and the Socrates Revolution was a symptom of decadence, of the ancient pre-Socratic Greeks losing their noble tastes, allowing themselves to be seduced by reason, allowing Socrates to convince them that from now on, they needed good reasons, solid arguments, for their way of life. The happy instinct of the powerful, that needs no justification beyond itself, now stood in need of a justification: good reasons were required for your beliefs.

And the Greeks had Socrates to thank for that.

For Nietzsche, this is not a sign of philosophical enlightenment, but a sign of decay, of decadence, of a loss of strength; of weakness.

Moreover, with Socrates, the way was paved for Plato, and his world-changing distinction between appearance and reality. The Greeks used to judge books by their covers, and Plato changed that. Now, there is this rotten, fallen, imperfect material world juxtaposed with a perfect World of Forms. For the pre-Socratic Greeks, this idea was not as forceful as it is today: appearance WAS reality.

And only ugly Socrates, who could not compete with the strong, healthy, noble Greeks on physical terms, had to invent a kind of mental challenge: the tyranny of reason, and the prelude to the World of Forms where reason would reign supreme over all the rest. Mind over body, reason over instinct, idea over reality.

This video was sponsored by Brilliant.

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Why Quantum Physicists Love Schopenhauer

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 19:30:00 -0000

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SCHOPENHAUER: The Art of Not Reading (6 Rules for Reading)

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 17:27:16 -0000

Download the essay: https://weltgeist.tv/reading
Arthur Schopenhauer's famous essay "On Books and Reading" is actually more about NOT reading. Schopenhauer offers us six rules for reading books. Here is some reading advice from one of the greatest thinkers in history and philosophy... Enjoy.

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Nietzsche EXPLAINED: The Genealogy of Morals - Bad Conscience, Cruelty, Religion (pt. 3)

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 16:24:32 -0000

Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaDxR7zOymI
Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ud_3lkq_tAk

In the third video in our series on The Genealogy of Morals, we see Nietzsche dive deep into prehistory towards the creation of a morality of custom which leads to man's instinct for cruelty being repressed, and finally, turn inwards.
The bad conscience, in this analysis of Nietzsche, is not "the voice of God" as Kant and Christianity claim. Rather, the bad conscience is the paradoxical self-torture and self-pleasure that results from a drive for cruelty which cannot be directed externally and therefore must wreck havoc internally.
This is a notoriously difficult essay and it has been somewhat overlooked as a result. With this video, we hope to do it justice.

The fourth, and final part, is coming soon. Please subscribe if you want to be notified when it's up.

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Our culture is sick. Here's why.

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 15:21:49 -0000

Head to https://squarespace.com/weltgeist to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code WELTGEIST

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

In The Genealogy of Morals, Nietzsche spends the entire final third of the book answering a single question: what is the meaning of ascetic ideals?

The ascetic ideal in Nietzsche's philosophy is the form that nihilism takes, it is that which promotes a movement away from the world, from the body, from the flesh, from our humanity. He sees this principle at work in every realm of human endeavor, from art to religion to philosophy and even modern science.

In this video we provide an overview of how the ascetic ideal - nihilism - finds its way into the artistic world through Wagner's Parsifal, into the religious domain through Christianity, in philosophy with Schopenhauer, and finally how even modern science, through Darwin and Copernicus and the like, provides a feeding ground for nihilism.

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7 Books Recommended By Nietzsche and Schopenhauer

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 14:19:05 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

BOOKS MENTIONED:
Tristram Shandy: https://amzn.to/4j1JEDO
Conversations with Goethe: https://amzn.to/4a7oJLl
Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship: https://amzn.to/4h30DE4
The Red and the Black: https://amzn.to/3DE0Wqu
The Charterhouse of Parma: https://amzn.to/402Nq7g
Notes from the Underground: https://amzn.to/407lr6r
Julie, or the New Héloïse: https://amzn.to/3DJ2gZb
Don Quixote: https://amzn.to/4a87lq8
War and Peace: https://amzn.to/401IZJY

Thanks for supporting the channel!

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Happy New Year
00:18 Tristram Shandy
03:13 Conversations with Goethe
06:04 Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship
07:55 The Red and the Black
09:50 Julie, or the New Héloïse
12:07 Don Quixote
14:22 War and Peace

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

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What Schopenhauer Liked (and Disliked) About STOICISM

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 13:16:21 -0000

The World as Will and Representation, masterpiece of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, doubles as a great introduction to the Stoic philosophy. Both in volume I and in volume II, we are treated to a fair summary of the entire philosophical movement of Stoicism with plenty of (untranslated Latin and Greek) quotes from Marcus Aurelius, Seneca, Epictetus, and other notable Stoics. Schopenhauer admired the rationality of Stoicism, but ultimately had to discard the system because of one fatal flaw which we'll cover in this video.

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Nietzsche's Disturbing Warning About ChatGPT and A.I.

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 12:21:00 -0000

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
00:49 The ascetic ideal
04:18 Scientific victories
07:26 Nihilism in science
10:35 ChatGPT

This is an exploration of an idea in Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals called the ascetic ideal. In short, Nietzsche finds this ideal behind every big aspect of human culture: art, philosophy, religion, and even science.

The ascetic ideal is that which promotes a movement away from the material world, that which denies life and strips humanity of its uniqueness. The ascetic ideal is the precursor to nihilism.

In the Genealogy, Nietzsche explores this concept as it rears its head in religion (Christianity), philosophy (Schopenhauer), art (Wagner), and science (Darwin, astronomy).

ChatGPT and advancements in large language models and artificial intelligence, seem to fit the pattern of modern science whose trajectory Nietzsche criticizes in the Genealogy.

Science took away our special place in the universe (Copernicus), our divine origin (Darwin) and now it threatens to take away our language (ChatGPT).

Music:
"Zombie Hoodoo" and "Ghost Dance" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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NIETZSCHE Explained: The Genealogy of Morals - Good and Evil, Good and Bad (pt. 2)

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 12:13:38 -0000

WATCH the previous part here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaDxR7zOymI

This second video tackles the first essay of Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morals. Much of it will sound familiar to those who have read Beyond Good and Evil or Daybreak. Nietzsche makes a historical-genealogical (even linguistic) case for the good/bad and good/evil dichotomy.

The next part will tackle free will, the sovereign individual, guilt, and conscience. Subscribe if you want to be notified when these are released.

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I Ranked EVERY Book by Nietzsche

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 11:10:54 -0000

Get Surfshark VPN at https://Surfshark.deals/WELTGEIST and enter promo code WELTGEIST for an exclusive offer and 3 extra months for FREE!

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

WHERE TO START WITH NIETZSCHE?
▶ https://youtu.be/1Hk-Y89oL24

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I
▶ Ecce Homo: https://youtu.be/kR176vUnk40

TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Introduction
02:19 The Birth of Tragedy
04:51 Untimely Meditations
07:25 Human, All Too Human
08:20 Daybreak
09:31 The Joyful Science
11:16 Thus Spoke Zarathustra
12:27 Beyond Good and Evil
14:03 The Genealogy of Morals
15:27 The Case of Wagner
17:53 Twilight of the Idols
19:50 The Antichrist
21:28 Ecce Homo
23:35 The Will to Power
25:23 Conclusion and thank you

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Why David Lynch Loved Franz Kafka

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 10:08:10 -0000

In honor of one of the greatest.

Support us on Patreon, get access to exclusive videos:
▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

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Why Isn't He Screaming?

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 09:05:27 -0000

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▶ https://www.patreon.com/WeltgeistYT

WATCH:
▶ Ancient Greece Was a Lot More Violent Than You Think. Here’s Why. https://youtu.be/a4cbNXGOa24

OUR ANALYSES:
▶ Beyond Good and Evil: https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk
▶ The Antichrist: https://youtu.be/qej1Z8Qzq_c
▶ Genealogy of Morals: https://youtu.be/6PUx4cOfFcI
▶ Twilight of the Idols: https://youtu.be/YpVr_NEvWYA
▶ The Will to Power: https://youtu.be/He6ZC7ZFBt8
▶ Daybreak: https://youtu.be/cOL2z7nuXdA
▶ The Joyful Science: https://youtu.be/U0fTBOJ-C_I

Music:
"Awkward Meeting"
"George Street Shuffle"
"Minima"
by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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NIETZSCHE Explained: On the Genealogy of Morals - Introduction (pt. 1)

Sat, 10 Oct 2026 08:02:43 -0000

WATCH: NIETZSCHE Explained: Beyond Good and Evil (all parts):
https://youtu.be/WIHXZUltfqk

On the Genealogy of Morals is considered by many to be Nietzsche's masterpiece. It certainly is one of the more accessible works, as it (largely) lacks the poetry and allegory of Thus Spoke Zarathustra and is not as aphoristic as Beyond Good and Evil. On the Genealogy of Morals consists of three essays which will be tackled each in their own, separate video. This introductory video aims to provide a solid understanding by first asking the question: "What exactly is Nietzsche's genealogical method?" and situating the relevance of the Genealogy in the bigger Nietzschean corpus (namely: the transvaluation of all values and setting humanity up for a philosophy and morality of the future.)

This is a planned four-part series. If you want to be notified when the other parts are released, please consider subscribing. Leaving comments and liking the video is also greatly appreciated as it helps out the channel a lot.

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