Patrick Boyle en Patrick Boyle is a hedge fund manager, a university professor and a former investment banker. This channel is all about quantitative finance. By subscribing you will see videos explaining what is happening in markets right now, you will learn about financial derivatives, corporate finance and how traders use quantitative tools like statistics. You will see interviews with some of the most interesting people in the financial industry. In addition, you will see some longer form documentaries on the history of financial markets.To contact Patrick go to the website http://onfinance.orgDISCLAIMER:This channel is not affiliated with any financial institution. The videos on this channel are for entertainment purposes only and do not constitute financial advice. Those seeking investment advice should seek out a registered professional. Patrick is not responsible for investment actions taken by viewers and his content should not be used as a basis for investment.Links:Amazon Author Page: https://amzn.to/3bTeqedPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceWebsite: https://www.onfinance.org/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/patrickeboyle/BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/1e16d96a-a43b-11f1-8c36-57fda879ee32/image/7d4ae393298250abaefe96cc55c12200.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&max-w=3000&max-h=3000&fit=crop&auto=format,compress Patrick Boyle no episodic Patrick Boyle Patrick Boyle is a hedge fund manager, a university professor and a former investment banker. This channel is all about quantitative finance. By subscribing you will see videos explaining what is happening in markets right now, you will learn about financial derivatives, corporate finance and how traders use quantitative tools like statistics. You will see interviews with some of the most interesting people in the financial industry. In addition, you will see some longer form documentaries on the history of financial markets.To contact Patrick go to the website http://onfinance.orgDISCLAIMER:This channel is not affiliated with any financial institution. The videos on this channel are for entertainment purposes only and do not constitute financial advice. Those seeking investment advice should seek out a registered professional. Patrick is not responsible for investment actions taken by viewers and his content should not be used as a basis for investment.Links:Amazon Author Page: https://amzn.to/3bTeqedPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceWebsite: https://www.onfinance.org/Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/patrickeboyle/BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social Patrick Boyle is a hedge fund manager, a university professor and a former investment banker.

This channel is all about quantitative finance. By subscribing you will see videos explaining what is happening in markets right now, you will learn about financial derivatives, corporate finance and how traders use quantitative tools like statistics. You will see interviews with some of the most interesting people in the financial industry. In addition, you will see some longer form documentaries on the history of financial markets.

To contact Patrick go to the website http://onfinance.org

DISCLAIMER:
This channel is not affiliated with any financial institution. The videos on this channel are for entertainment purposes only and do not constitute financial advice. Those seeking investment advice should seek out a registered professional. Patrick is not responsible for investment actions taken by viewers and his content should not be used as a basis for investment.

Links:
Amazon Author Page: https://amzn.to/3bTeqed
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Website: https://www.onfinance.org/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/patrickeboyle/
BlueSky: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

]]> Patrick Boyle lenfrfr@gmail.com Trump’s $2B Chip Deal: Nvidia’s Big Payout Explained Go to https://ground.news/pb to get up to 40% off unlimited access to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link this month for 40% off unlimited access.In this deep dive, we unpack Donald Trump’s controversial deal with Nvidia and AMD — a 15% revenue-sharing arrangement that allows U.S. AI chips to be exported to China. Is this a clever geopolitical strategy or a dangerous precedent that monetizes national security?We explore:How the deal was brokered and what it means for U.S. trade policyLegal and constitutional concerns surrounding export controlsStrategic risks of enabling China’s AI developmentComparisons to China’s rare earth leverage and Xi Jinping’s CEO controlThe broader pattern of Trump’s executive interference in private enterpriseFeaturing analysis on the H20 chip, inference bottlenecks, golden shares, and the future of American capitalism.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 07 Sep 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Go to https://ground.news/pb to get up to 40% off unlimited access to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link this month for 40% off unlimited access.In this deep dive, we unpack Donald Trump’s controversial deal with Nvidia and AMD — a 15% revenue-sharing arrangement that allows U.S. AI chips to be exported to China. Is this a clever geopolitical strategy or a dangerous precedent that monetizes national security?We explore:How the deal was brokered and what it means for U.S. trade policyLegal and constitutional concerns surrounding export controlsStrategic risks of enabling China’s AI developmentComparisons to China’s rare earth leverage and Xi Jinping’s CEO controlThe broader pattern of Trump’s executive interference in private enterpriseFeaturing analysis on the H20 chip, inference bottlenecks, golden shares, and the future of American capitalism.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Go to https://ground.news/pb to get up to 40% off unlimited access to stay fully informed. Subscribe through my link this month for 40% off unlimited access.

In this deep dive, we unpack Donald Trump’s controversial deal with Nvidia and AMD — a 15% revenue-sharing arrangement that allows U.S. AI chips to be exported to China. Is this a clever geopolitical strategy or a dangerous precedent that monetizes national security?
We explore:
How the deal was brokered and what it means for U.S. trade policy
Legal and constitutional concerns surrounding export controls
Strategic risks of enabling China’s AI development
Comparisons to China’s rare earth leverage and Xi Jinping’s CEO control
The broader pattern of Trump’s executive interference in private enterprise
Featuring analysis on the H20 chip, inference bottlenecks, golden shares, and the future of American capitalism.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1944 no What are Real Options? - Real Options Valuation Method For Capital Budgeting Decisions Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceFollow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleA real option itself, is the right but not the obligation to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. For example, the opportunity to invest in the expansion of a firm's factory, or alternatively to sell the factory, is a real call or put option, respectively.Real options are generally distinguished from conventional financial options in that they are not typically traded as securities, and do not usually involve decisions on an underlying asset that is traded as a financial security. A further distinction is that option holders here, i.e. management, can directly influence the value of the option's underlying project; whereas this is not a consideration as regards the underlying security of a financial option. Moreover, management cannot measure uncertainty in terms of volatility, and must instead rely on their perceptions of uncertainty. Unlike financial options, management also have to create or discover real options, and such creation and discovery process comprises an entrepreneurial or business task. Real options are most valuable when uncertainty is high; management has significant flexibility to change the course of the project in a favorable direction and is willing to exercise the options.Real options analysis, as a discipline, extends from its application in corporate finance, to decision making under uncertainty in general, adapting the techniques developed for financial options to "real-life" decisions. For example, R&D managers can use Real Options Valuation to help them allocate their R&D budget among diverse projects; a non business example might be the decision to join the work force, or rather, to forgo several years of income to attend graduate school. It, thus, forces decision makers to be explicit about the assumptions underlying their projections, and for this reason ROV is increasingly employed as a tool in business strategy formulation. This extension of real options to real-world projects often requires customized decision support systems, because otherwise the complex compound real options will become too intractable to handle. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 06 Sep 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions. These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceFollow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleA real option itself, is the right but not the obligation to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. For example, the opportunity to invest in the expansion of a firm's factory, or alternatively to sell the factory, is a real call or put option, respectively.Real options are generally distinguished from conventional financial options in that they are not typically traded as securities, and do not usually involve decisions on an underlying asset that is traded as a financial security. A further distinction is that option holders here, i.e. management, can directly influence the value of the option's underlying project; whereas this is not a consideration as regards the underlying security of a financial option. Moreover, management cannot measure uncertainty in terms of volatility, and must instead rely on their perceptions of uncertainty. Unlike financial options, management also have to create or discover real options, and such creation and discovery process comprises an entrepreneurial or business task. Real options are most valuable when uncertainty is high; management has significant flexibility to change the course of the project in a favorable direction and is willing to exercise the options.Real options analysis, as a discipline, extends from its application in corporate finance, to decision making under uncertainty in general, adapting the techniques developed for financial options to "real-life" decisions. For example, R&D managers can use Real Options Valuation to help them allocate their R&D budget among diverse projects; a non business example might be the decision to join the work force, or rather, to forgo several years of income to attend graduate school. It, thus, forces decision makers to be explicit about the assumptions underlying their projections, and for this reason ROV is increasingly employed as a tool in business strategy formulation. This extension of real options to real-world projects often requires customized decision support systems, because otherwise the complex compound real options will become too intractable to handle. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Real options valuation, also often termed real options analysis, applies option valuation techniques to capital budgeting decisions.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

A real option itself, is the right but not the obligation to undertake certain business initiatives, such as deferring, abandoning, expanding, staging, or contracting a capital investment project. For example, the opportunity to invest in the expansion of a firm's factory, or alternatively to sell the factory, is a real call or put option, respectively.

Real options are generally distinguished from conventional financial options in that they are not typically traded as securities, and do not usually involve decisions on an underlying asset that is traded as a financial security. A further distinction is that option holders here, i.e. management, can directly influence the value of the option's underlying project; whereas this is not a consideration as regards the underlying security of a financial option. Moreover, management cannot measure uncertainty in terms of volatility, and must instead rely on their perceptions of uncertainty. Unlike financial options, management also have to create or discover real options, and such creation and discovery process comprises an entrepreneurial or business task. Real options are most valuable when uncertainty is high; management has significant flexibility to change the course of the project in a favorable direction and is willing to exercise the options.

Real options analysis, as a discipline, extends from its application in corporate finance, to decision making under uncertainty in general, adapting the techniques developed for financial options to "real-life" decisions. For example, R&D managers can use Real Options Valuation to help them allocate their R&D budget among diverse projects; a non business example might be the decision to join the work force, or rather, to forgo several years of income to attend graduate school. It, thus, forces decision makers to be explicit about the assumptions underlying their projections, and for this reason ROV is increasingly employed as a tool in business strategy formulation. This extension of real options to real-world projects often requires customized decision support systems, because otherwise the complex compound real options will become too intractable to handle.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1223 no The Mortgage Divide: Why America’s Housing Market Is Splitting in Two! Ad: 🔒Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE for 20% offWhy are some homeowners thriving while others are struggling to keep up? In this video, we explore how America’s housing market has fractured—creating a sharp divide between those who locked in low mortgage rates and those buying today at much higher costs.We’ll unpack:The lock-in effect and its impact on geographic mobilityWhy millennials face deeper inequality within their own generationHow renters are absorbing the full brunt of housing inflationThe role of tariffs, interest rates, and investor behaviorInternational comparisons with the UK and ChinaWhy your mortgage might be the most important financial instrument you ownFrom sticky inflation to shifting migration patterns, this is the story of how housing finance is reshaping the American economy—and the lives of millions.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 05 Sep 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Ad: 🔒Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE for 20% offWhy are some homeowners thriving while others are struggling to keep up? In this video, we explore how America’s housing market has fractured—creating a sharp divide between those who locked in low mortgage rates and those buying today at much higher costs.We’ll unpack:The lock-in effect and its impact on geographic mobilityWhy millennials face deeper inequality within their own generationHow renters are absorbing the full brunt of housing inflationThe role of tariffs, interest rates, and investor behaviorInternational comparisons with the UK and ChinaWhy your mortgage might be the most important financial instrument you ownFrom sticky inflation to shifting migration patterns, this is the story of how housing finance is reshaping the American economy—and the lives of millions.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Ad: 🔒Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE for 20% off

Why are some homeowners thriving while others are struggling to keep up? In this video, we explore how America’s housing market has fractured—creating a sharp divide between those who locked in low mortgage rates and those buying today at much higher costs.

We’ll unpack:

The lock-in effect and its impact on geographic mobility
Why millennials face deeper inequality within their own generation
How renters are absorbing the full brunt of housing inflation
The role of tariffs, interest rates, and investor behavior
International comparisons with the UK and China
Why your mortgage might be the most important financial instrument you own
From sticky inflation to shifting migration patterns, this is the story of how housing finance is reshaping the American economy—and the lives of millions.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1445 no What is Implied Volatility? Options Trading Tutorial. These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 690 no Is AI Slop Killing the Internet? Tello Mobile offers flexible & affordable phone plans with prices up to $25/month! Check out Tello using my link → https://tello.com/?utm_source=partner&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PatrickBoyle&src=partner&mdm=cpc&cmg=PatrickBoyleAI chatbots are replacing search engines—and in the process, they’re gutting the economics of journalism, reviews, and the open internet. In this video, we explore how tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and Google’s AI Overviews are intercepting audiences, scraping content without compensation, and threatening the viability of independent news and trusted information. From collapsing traffic to lawsuits and poisoned training data, this is a story about what happens when the web’s information economy starts to eat itself.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Videos Mentioned:@BennJordan Poisonify: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMYm2d9bmEABenn Jordan on AI Cameras: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp9MwZkHiMQAngela Collier on Vibe Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMoz3gSXBcYMy Video on Blitzscaling: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Lo0sZfdHEWays To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 04 Sep 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Tello Mobile offers flexible & affordable phone plans with prices up to $25/month! Check out Tello using my link → https://tello.com/?utm_source=partner&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PatrickBoyle&src=partner&mdm=cpc&cmg=PatrickBoyleAI chatbots are replacing search engines—and in the process, they’re gutting the economics of journalism, reviews, and the open internet. In this video, we explore how tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and Google’s AI Overviews are intercepting audiences, scraping content without compensation, and threatening the viability of independent news and trusted information. From collapsing traffic to lawsuits and poisoned training data, this is a story about what happens when the web’s information economy starts to eat itself.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Videos Mentioned:@BennJordan Poisonify: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMYm2d9bmEABenn Jordan on AI Cameras: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp9MwZkHiMQAngela Collier on Vibe Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMoz3gSXBcYMy Video on Blitzscaling: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Lo0sZfdHEWays To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tello Mobile offers flexible & affordable phone plans with prices up to $25/month! Check out Tello using my link → https://tello.com/?utm_source=partner&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=PatrickBoyle&src=partner&mdm=cpc&cmg=PatrickBoyle

AI chatbots are replacing search engines—and in the process, they’re gutting the economics of journalism, reviews, and the open internet. In this video, we explore how tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and Google’s AI Overviews are intercepting audiences, scraping content without compensation, and threatening the viability of independent news and trusted information. From collapsing traffic to lawsuits and poisoned training data, this is a story about what happens when the web’s information economy starts to eat itself.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Videos Mentioned:
@BennJordan Poisonify: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMYm2d9bmEA
Benn Jordan on AI Cameras: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pp9MwZkHiMQ
Angela Collier on Vibe Physics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMoz3gSXBcY
My Video on Blitzscaling: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Lo0sZfdHE

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1714 no The Term Structure of Volatility and the Volatility Surface Today we will learn about the volatility Surface.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe Volatility Surface ExplainedThe volatility surface is a three-dimensional plot of stock option implied volatility seen to exist due to discrepancies with how the market prices stock options and what stock option pricing models say that the correct prices should be. Of all the variables used in the Black-Scholes model, the only one that is not known with certainty is volatility. At the time of pricing, all of the other variables are clear and known, but volatility must be an estimate. The volatility surface is a three-dimensional plot where the x-axis is the time to maturity, the z-axis is the strike price, and the y-axis is the implied volatility.The volatility surface is made up of the volatility smile and the term structure of option volatility.The volatility surface trading Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 03 Sep 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Today we will learn about the volatility Surface.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe Volatility Surface ExplainedThe volatility surface is a three-dimensional plot of stock option implied volatility seen to exist due to discrepancies with how the market prices stock options and what stock option pricing models say that the correct prices should be. Of all the variables used in the Black-Scholes model, the only one that is not known with certainty is volatility. At the time of pricing, all of the other variables are clear and known, but volatility must be an estimate. The volatility surface is a three-dimensional plot where the x-axis is the time to maturity, the z-axis is the strike price, and the y-axis is the implied volatility.The volatility surface is made up of the volatility smile and the term structure of option volatility.The volatility surface trading Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Today we will learn about the volatility Surface.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

The Volatility Surface Explained
The volatility surface is a three-dimensional plot of stock option implied volatility seen to exist due to discrepancies with how the market prices stock options and what stock option pricing models say that the correct prices should be.

Of all the variables used in the Black-Scholes model, the only one that is not known with certainty is volatility. At the time of pricing, all of the other variables are clear and known, but volatility must be an estimate. The volatility surface is a three-dimensional plot where the x-axis is the time to maturity, the z-axis is the strike price, and the y-axis is the implied volatility.

The volatility surface is made up of the volatility smile and the term structure of option volatility.

The volatility surface trading

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]]> 510 no New Meme Stocks Just Dropped! 👉 To learn for free on Brilliant, go to https://brilliant.org/patrick/. Brilliant’s also given our viewers 20% off an annual Premium subscription, which gives you unlimited daily access to everything on Brilliant.This summer, a bizarre new trend hit Wall Street: Chinese meme stocks. Promoted in WhatsApp groups, Reddit threads, and even under fake YouTube comments, these obscure Chinese companies soared — and then collapsed — wiping out billions in investor savings. In this video, we explore how Regencell Biosciences briefly reached a $38 billion valuation selling what looks suspiciously like curry ingredients as medicine, we try to understand why the FBI is calling it “ramp and dump” fraud, and how scammers are impersonating brokers, analysts, and even YouTubers to lure in victims.We’ll compare these knockoff meme stocks to America’s domestically produced meme stock madness — GameStop, AMC, and the DORK stocks — and ask: is this just low-quality IP theft, or a new frontier in financial absurdity?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 02 Sep 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 👉 To learn for free on Brilliant, go to https://brilliant.org/patrick/. Brilliant’s also given our viewers 20% off an annual Premium subscription, which gives you unlimited daily access to everything on Brilliant.This summer, a bizarre new trend hit Wall Street: Chinese meme stocks. Promoted in WhatsApp groups, Reddit threads, and even under fake YouTube comments, these obscure Chinese companies soared — and then collapsed — wiping out billions in investor savings. In this video, we explore how Regencell Biosciences briefly reached a $38 billion valuation selling what looks suspiciously like curry ingredients as medicine, we try to understand why the FBI is calling it “ramp and dump” fraud, and how scammers are impersonating brokers, analysts, and even YouTubers to lure in victims.We’ll compare these knockoff meme stocks to America’s domestically produced meme stock madness — GameStop, AMC, and the DORK stocks — and ask: is this just low-quality IP theft, or a new frontier in financial absurdity?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 👉 To learn for free on Brilliant, go to https://brilliant.org/patrick/. Brilliant’s also given our viewers 20% off an annual Premium subscription, which gives you unlimited daily access to everything on Brilliant.

This summer, a bizarre new trend hit Wall Street: Chinese meme stocks. Promoted in WhatsApp groups, Reddit threads, and even under fake YouTube comments, these obscure Chinese companies soared — and then collapsed — wiping out billions in investor savings. In this video, we explore how Regencell Biosciences briefly reached a $38 billion valuation selling what looks suspiciously like curry ingredients as medicine, we try to understand why the FBI is calling it “ramp and dump” fraud, and how scammers are impersonating brokers, analysts, and even YouTubers to lure in victims.

We’ll compare these knockoff meme stocks to America’s domestically produced meme stock madness — GameStop, AMC, and the DORK stocks — and ask: is this just low-quality IP theft, or a new frontier in financial absurdity?

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1363 no The Volatility Smile - Options Trading Lessons The volatility smile is a real-life pattern that is observed when different strikes of option, with the same underlying and same expiration date are plotted on a graph.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceVolatility smiles are implied volatility patterns that arise in pricing financial options. It corresponds to finding one single parameter (implied volatility) that is needed to be modified for the Black-Scholes formula to fit market prices. In particular for a given expiration, options whose strike price differs substantially from the underlying asset's price command higher prices (and thus implied volatilities) than what is suggested by standard option pricing models. These options are said to be either deep in-the-money or out-of-the-money. Graphing implied volatilities against strike prices for a given expiry yields a skewed "smile" instead of the expected flat surface. The pattern differs across various markets. Equity options traded in American markets did not show a volatility smile before the Crash of 1987 but began showing one afterwards. It is believed that investor reassessments of the probabilities of fat-tail have led to higher prices for out-of-the-money options. This anomaly implies deficiencies in the standard Black-Scholes option pricing model which assumes constant volatility and log-normal distributions of underlying asset returns. Empirical asset returns distributions, however, tend to exhibit fat-tails (kurtosis) and skew. Modelling the volatility smile is an active area of research in quantitative finance, and better pricing models such as the stochastic volatility model partially address this issue. A related concept is that of term structure of volatility, which describes how (implied) volatility differs for related options with different maturities. We will be learning about that in tomorrows video. An implied volatility surface is a 3-D plot that plots volatility smile and term structure of volatility in a consolidated three-dimensional surface for all options on a given underlying asset. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 02 Sep 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle The volatility smile is a real-life pattern that is observed when different strikes of option, with the same underlying and same expiration date are plotted on a graph.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceVolatility smiles are implied volatility patterns that arise in pricing financial options. It corresponds to finding one single parameter (implied volatility) that is needed to be modified for the Black-Scholes formula to fit market prices. In particular for a given expiration, options whose strike price differs substantially from the underlying asset's price command higher prices (and thus implied volatilities) than what is suggested by standard option pricing models. These options are said to be either deep in-the-money or out-of-the-money. Graphing implied volatilities against strike prices for a given expiry yields a skewed "smile" instead of the expected flat surface. The pattern differs across various markets. Equity options traded in American markets did not show a volatility smile before the Crash of 1987 but began showing one afterwards. It is believed that investor reassessments of the probabilities of fat-tail have led to higher prices for out-of-the-money options. This anomaly implies deficiencies in the standard Black-Scholes option pricing model which assumes constant volatility and log-normal distributions of underlying asset returns. Empirical asset returns distributions, however, tend to exhibit fat-tails (kurtosis) and skew. Modelling the volatility smile is an active area of research in quantitative finance, and better pricing models such as the stochastic volatility model partially address this issue. A related concept is that of term structure of volatility, which describes how (implied) volatility differs for related options with different maturities. We will be learning about that in tomorrows video. An implied volatility surface is a 3-D plot that plots volatility smile and term structure of volatility in a consolidated three-dimensional surface for all options on a given underlying asset. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices The volatility smile is a real-life pattern that is observed when different strikes of option, with the same underlying and same expiration date are plotted on a graph.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance

Volatility smiles are implied volatility patterns that arise in pricing financial options. It corresponds to finding one single parameter (implied volatility) that is needed to be modified for the Black-Scholes formula to fit market prices. In particular for a given expiration, options whose strike price differs substantially from the underlying asset's price command higher prices (and thus implied volatilities) than what is suggested by standard option pricing models. These options are said to be either deep in-the-money or out-of-the-money.

Graphing implied volatilities against strike prices for a given expiry yields a skewed "smile" instead of the expected flat surface. The pattern differs across various markets. Equity options traded in American markets did not show a volatility smile before the Crash of 1987 but began showing one afterwards. It is believed that investor reassessments of the probabilities of fat-tail have led to higher prices for out-of-the-money options. This anomaly implies deficiencies in the standard Black-Scholes option pricing model which assumes constant volatility and log-normal distributions of underlying asset returns. Empirical asset returns distributions, however, tend to exhibit fat-tails (kurtosis) and skew. Modelling the volatility smile is an active area of research in quantitative finance, and better pricing models such as the stochastic volatility model partially address this issue.

A related concept is that of term structure of volatility, which describes how (implied) volatility differs for related options with different maturities. We will be learning about that in tomorrows video. An implied volatility surface is a 3-D plot that plots volatility smile and term structure of volatility in a consolidated three-dimensional surface for all options on a given underlying asset.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1018 no The Book That Wasn’t Supposed to Exist - Epstein's Birthday Book Released! Go to https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!In 2003, Ghislaine Maxwell compiled a 238-page leather-bound book for Jeffrey Epstein — filled with letters, sketches, poems, and photos from billionaires, politicians, scientists, and celebrities. This book was never meant to be public. But now, thanks to the House Oversight Committee, it’s part of the public record — and it’s worse than anyone expected.We’ll also explore the deeper questions: Where did Epstein’s money come from? Why hasn’t the government followed the money? And what does this say about the two-tiered justice system in America?This scandal isn’t just about Epstein. It’s about the system that made him possible.Link to my original Epstein Video: https://youtu.be/CbJSgan4mfQPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 01 Sep 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Go to https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!In 2003, Ghislaine Maxwell compiled a 238-page leather-bound book for Jeffrey Epstein — filled with letters, sketches, poems, and photos from billionaires, politicians, scientists, and celebrities. This book was never meant to be public. But now, thanks to the House Oversight Committee, it’s part of the public record — and it’s worse than anyone expected.We’ll also explore the deeper questions: Where did Epstein’s money come from? Why hasn’t the government followed the money? And what does this say about the two-tiered justice system in America?This scandal isn’t just about Epstein. It’s about the system that made him possible.Link to my original Epstein Video: https://youtu.be/CbJSgan4mfQPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Go to https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!

In 2003, Ghislaine Maxwell compiled a 238-page leather-bound book for Jeffrey Epstein — filled with letters, sketches, poems, and photos from billionaires, politicians, scientists, and celebrities. This book was never meant to be public. But now, thanks to the House Oversight Committee, it’s part of the public record — and it’s worse than anyone expected.

We’ll also explore the deeper questions: Where did Epstein’s money come from? Why hasn’t the government followed the money? And what does this say about the two-tiered justice system in America?

This scandal isn’t just about Epstein. It’s about the system that made him possible.

Link to my original Epstein Video: https://youtu.be/CbJSgan4mfQ

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2437 no What are index options? What are currency options? In todays video we will learn about options on foreign exchange and index options.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleOptions on Stock Indices - what are index options?A stock market index is a method of measuring the price movements of a basket of stocks in a market. Many indices are cited by the media and are used as benchmarks to measure the performance of portfolios such as mutual funds. Some are price indices and some are total return indices, meaning that they include reinvested dividends over time.There are a number of different index types. National indices represent the performance of the stock market of a given nation. Sector indices track the performance of specific industry sectors in the market. Ethical indices include only those companies that satisfy certain ecological, religious, or social criteria.Index options exist on broad-based indices like the S&P500 or the Russell 3000. They also exist on more narrowly based indices like mining indices or semiconductor indices. The global market for exchange-traded stock market index options is notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements at hundreds of billions per year. When OTC options are added to that, you can see that it is a very large market indeed.An index option is a financial derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a basket of stocks, such as the S&P500, at a pre-agreed price on a specified date. An index option is similar to other options contracts, the difference being the underlying instruments are indexes. Index options are typically cash settled.Uses of Index OptionsThere are two main reasons that investors will pursue index options.1. Portfolio insurance: Investors with large stock portfolios may wish to insure their downside risk by buying put options. 2. Speculation: Portfolio managers may wish to use index options to speculate on the direction of the overall market, or on the volatility of the overall market.Foreign Exchange Options - What are currency options?A foreign exchange option is a derivative where the owner has the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. European and American options on foreign exchange are actively traded on both exchanges and OTC. Companies frequently use them to hedge foreign exchange risk, and they are commonly used to speculate on the price and volatility of various foreign exchange pairs. The foreign exchange options market is mostly an OTC market. A GBP/USD foreign exchange call option, can also be viewed as being a USD/GBP put option, as they each give the option owner the right but not the obligation to exchange a certain amount of US dollars for British pounds at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. The Black-Scholes model can be modified to price options on foreign exchange. The modified Black-Scholes model was developed in 1983 by Garman and Kohlhagen and is known as the Garman-Kohlhagen model. It is a modification of the Black-Scholes model which accounts for the different interest rates of each currency.You can think of options on currencies as being an options position with an annual percentage dividend embedded in the form of the foreign currencies’ risk-free rate. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 31 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle In todays video we will learn about options on foreign exchange and index options.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleOptions on Stock Indices - what are index options?A stock market index is a method of measuring the price movements of a basket of stocks in a market. Many indices are cited by the media and are used as benchmarks to measure the performance of portfolios such as mutual funds. Some are price indices and some are total return indices, meaning that they include reinvested dividends over time.There are a number of different index types. National indices represent the performance of the stock market of a given nation. Sector indices track the performance of specific industry sectors in the market. Ethical indices include only those companies that satisfy certain ecological, religious, or social criteria.Index options exist on broad-based indices like the S&P500 or the Russell 3000. They also exist on more narrowly based indices like mining indices or semiconductor indices. The global market for exchange-traded stock market index options is notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements at hundreds of billions per year. When OTC options are added to that, you can see that it is a very large market indeed.An index option is a financial derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a basket of stocks, such as the S&P500, at a pre-agreed price on a specified date. An index option is similar to other options contracts, the difference being the underlying instruments are indexes. Index options are typically cash settled.Uses of Index OptionsThere are two main reasons that investors will pursue index options.1. Portfolio insurance: Investors with large stock portfolios may wish to insure their downside risk by buying put options. 2. Speculation: Portfolio managers may wish to use index options to speculate on the direction of the overall market, or on the volatility of the overall market.Foreign Exchange Options - What are currency options?A foreign exchange option is a derivative where the owner has the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. European and American options on foreign exchange are actively traded on both exchanges and OTC. Companies frequently use them to hedge foreign exchange risk, and they are commonly used to speculate on the price and volatility of various foreign exchange pairs. The foreign exchange options market is mostly an OTC market. A GBP/USD foreign exchange call option, can also be viewed as being a USD/GBP put option, as they each give the option owner the right but not the obligation to exchange a certain amount of US dollars for British pounds at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. The Black-Scholes model can be modified to price options on foreign exchange. The modified Black-Scholes model was developed in 1983 by Garman and Kohlhagen and is known as the Garman-Kohlhagen model. It is a modification of the Black-Scholes model which accounts for the different interest rates of each currency.You can think of options on currencies as being an options position with an annual percentage dividend embedded in the form of the foreign currencies’ risk-free rate. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices In todays video we will learn about options on foreign exchange and index options.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Options on Stock Indices - what are index options?
A stock market index is a method of measuring the price movements of a basket of stocks in a market. Many indices are cited by the media and are used as benchmarks to measure the performance of portfolios such as mutual funds. Some are price indices and some are total return indices, meaning that they include reinvested dividends over time.
There are a number of different index types. National indices represent the performance of the stock market of a given nation. Sector indices track the performance of specific industry sectors in the market. Ethical indices include only those companies that satisfy certain ecological, religious, or social criteria.
Index options exist on broad-based indices like the S&P500 or the Russell 3000. They also exist on more narrowly based indices like mining indices or semiconductor indices. The global market for exchange-traded stock market index options is notionally valued by the Bank for International Settlements at hundreds of billions per year. When OTC options are added to that, you can see that it is a very large market indeed.
An index option is a financial derivative that gives the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell a basket of stocks, such as the S&P500, at a pre-agreed price on a specified date. An index option is similar to other options contracts, the difference being the underlying instruments are indexes. Index options are typically cash settled.

Uses of Index Options
There are two main reasons that investors will pursue index options.
1. Portfolio insurance: Investors with large stock portfolios may wish to insure their downside risk by buying put options.
2. Speculation: Portfolio managers may wish to use index options to speculate on the direction of the overall market, or on the volatility of the overall market.

Foreign Exchange Options - What are currency options?
A foreign exchange option is a derivative where the owner has the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. European and American options on foreign exchange are actively traded on both exchanges and OTC. Companies frequently use them to hedge foreign exchange risk, and they are commonly used to speculate on the price and volatility of various foreign exchange pairs. The foreign exchange options market is mostly an OTC market.
A GBP/USD foreign exchange call option, can also be viewed as being a USD/GBP put option, as they each give the option owner the right but not the obligation to exchange a certain amount of US dollars for British pounds at a pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date.
The Black-Scholes model can be modified to price options on foreign exchange. The modified Black-Scholes model was developed in 1983 by Garman and Kohlhagen and is known as the Garman-Kohlhagen model. It is a modification of the Black-Scholes model which accounts for the different interest rates of each currency.
You can think of options on currencies as being an options position with an annual percentage dividend embedded in the form of the foreign currencies’ risk-free rate.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 897 no Are the Rich Really Leaving Britain? Ad: 🔒Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE for 20% offAre Britain’s millionaires really fleeing the country—or is the “exodus” just a statistical mirage?This video digs into the numbers behind the headlines, from the much-quoted Henley & Partners migration report to the real impact of the UK’s non-dom reforms. We’ll look at what’s actually driving high earners to consider leaving, how tax policy shapes behavior, and why trust in government and value for money matter just as much as the top rate.Along the way, we’ll separate myth from reality, compare the UK’s approach to countries like Sweden and Switzerland, and ask what history can teach us about taxing globally mobile wealth.If you want to understand the real story behind the millionaire migration debate—and what it means for Britain’s future—watch now.Further reading:Tax Policy Associates - Why the rich paid less tax in the 1970s – despite 98% tax rates: https://taxpolicy.org.uk/2025/05/08/tax-rich-1970s-loopholes/Tax Policy Associates - Are Henley & Partners’ millionaire‑migration reports fabricated?: https://taxpolicy.org.uk/2025/07/27/henley-partners-millionaire-migration-report-analysis/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 30 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Ad: 🔒Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE for 20% offAre Britain’s millionaires really fleeing the country—or is the “exodus” just a statistical mirage?This video digs into the numbers behind the headlines, from the much-quoted Henley & Partners migration report to the real impact of the UK’s non-dom reforms. We’ll look at what’s actually driving high earners to consider leaving, how tax policy shapes behavior, and why trust in government and value for money matter just as much as the top rate.Along the way, we’ll separate myth from reality, compare the UK’s approach to countries like Sweden and Switzerland, and ask what history can teach us about taxing globally mobile wealth.If you want to understand the real story behind the millionaire migration debate—and what it means for Britain’s future—watch now.Further reading:Tax Policy Associates - Why the rich paid less tax in the 1970s – despite 98% tax rates: https://taxpolicy.org.uk/2025/05/08/tax-rich-1970s-loopholes/Tax Policy Associates - Are Henley & Partners’ millionaire‑migration reports fabricated?: https://taxpolicy.org.uk/2025/07/27/henley-partners-millionaire-migration-report-analysis/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Ad: 🔒Remove your personal information from the web at https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE for 20% off

Are Britain’s millionaires really fleeing the country—or is the “exodus” just a statistical mirage?

This video digs into the numbers behind the headlines, from the much-quoted Henley & Partners migration report to the real impact of the UK’s non-dom reforms. We’ll look at what’s actually driving high earners to consider leaving, how tax policy shapes behavior, and why trust in government and value for money matter just as much as the top rate.

Along the way, we’ll separate myth from reality, compare the UK’s approach to countries like Sweden and Switzerland, and ask what history can teach us about taxing globally mobile wealth.

If you want to understand the real story behind the millionaire migration debate—and what it means for Britain’s future—watch now.

Further reading:

Tax Policy Associates - Why the rich paid less tax in the 1970s – despite 98% tax rates: https://taxpolicy.org.uk/2025/05/08/tax-rich-1970s-loopholes/
Tax Policy Associates - Are Henley & Partners’ millionaire‑migration reports fabricated?: https://taxpolicy.org.uk/2025/07/27/henley-partners-millionaire-migration-report-analysis/

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1769 no Volatility Arbitrage - How does it work? - Options Trading Lessons What is Volatility Arbitrage?Volatility arbitrage is a trading strategy that attempts to profit from the difference between the forecasted price-volatility of an asset, like a stock, and the implied volatility of options on that asset.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleHow does Volatility Arbitrage Work?The price of an option is driven by the volatility of the underlying asset. If the forecasted and implied volatilities differ, there will be a discrepancy between the expected price of the option and its actual market price.A volatility arbitrage strategy can be implemented through a delta-neutral portfolio consisting of an option and its underlying asset. For example, if a trader thought a stock option was underpriced because implied volatility was too low, they may buy a call option and combine that with a short position in the underlying stock to profit from that forecast. If the price of the stock doesn't move, but the implied volatility used to price that option rises, then the price of the option will rise. Even if this does not get recognized by the market, but the stock realizes higher volatility than was implied in the initial price, the trading strategy explained in the video will generate a profit for the trader.Alternatively, if the trader believes that implied volatility is too high and will fall, then they may decide to take a long position in the stock and a short position in a put option. Assuming the stock's price doesn't move, the trader may profit as the option falls in value with a decline in implied volatility.There are several assumptions a trader must make, which will increase the complexity of a volatility arbitrage strategy. First, the investor must be right about whether implied volatility really is over- or underpriced. Second, the investor must be correct about the amount of time it will take for the strategy to profit or time value erosion could outpace any potential gains. Finally, if the price of the underlying stock moves more quickly than expected the strategy will have to be adjusted, which may be expensive or impossible depending on market conditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is Volatility Arbitrage?Volatility arbitrage is a trading strategy that attempts to profit from the difference between the forecasted price-volatility of an asset, like a stock, and the implied volatility of options on that asset.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleHow does Volatility Arbitrage Work?The price of an option is driven by the volatility of the underlying asset. If the forecasted and implied volatilities differ, there will be a discrepancy between the expected price of the option and its actual market price.A volatility arbitrage strategy can be implemented through a delta-neutral portfolio consisting of an option and its underlying asset. For example, if a trader thought a stock option was underpriced because implied volatility was too low, they may buy a call option and combine that with a short position in the underlying stock to profit from that forecast. If the price of the stock doesn't move, but the implied volatility used to price that option rises, then the price of the option will rise. Even if this does not get recognized by the market, but the stock realizes higher volatility than was implied in the initial price, the trading strategy explained in the video will generate a profit for the trader.Alternatively, if the trader believes that implied volatility is too high and will fall, then they may decide to take a long position in the stock and a short position in a put option. Assuming the stock's price doesn't move, the trader may profit as the option falls in value with a decline in implied volatility.There are several assumptions a trader must make, which will increase the complexity of a volatility arbitrage strategy. First, the investor must be right about whether implied volatility really is over- or underpriced. Second, the investor must be correct about the amount of time it will take for the strategy to profit or time value erosion could outpace any potential gains. Finally, if the price of the underlying stock moves more quickly than expected the strategy will have to be adjusted, which may be expensive or impossible depending on market conditions. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is Volatility Arbitrage?

Volatility arbitrage is a trading strategy that attempts to profit from the difference between the forecasted price-volatility of an asset, like a stock, and the implied volatility of options on that asset.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

How does Volatility Arbitrage Work?
The price of an option is driven by the volatility of the underlying asset. If the forecasted and implied volatilities differ, there will be a discrepancy between the expected price of the option and its actual market price.

A volatility arbitrage strategy can be implemented through a delta-neutral portfolio consisting of an option and its underlying asset. For example, if a trader thought a stock option was underpriced because implied volatility was too low, they may buy a call option and combine that with a short position in the underlying stock to profit from that forecast. If the price of the stock doesn't move, but the implied volatility used to price that option rises, then the price of the option will rise. Even if this does not get recognized by the market, but the stock realizes higher volatility than was implied in the initial price, the trading strategy explained in the video will generate a profit for the trader.

Alternatively, if the trader believes that implied volatility is too high and will fall, then they may decide to take a long position in the stock and a short position in a put option. Assuming the stock's price doesn't move, the trader may profit as the option falls in value with a decline in implied volatility.

There are several assumptions a trader must make, which will increase the complexity of a volatility arbitrage strategy. First, the investor must be right about whether implied volatility really is over- or underpriced. Second, the investor must be correct about the amount of time it will take for the strategy to profit or time value erosion could outpace any potential gains. Finally, if the price of the underlying stock moves more quickly than expected the strategy will have to be adjusted, which may be expensive or impossible depending on market conditions.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1015 no The End of Legal Immigration? 🌟Go to http://covepure.com/patrick to get $200 off.Is America Closing the Door on Global Talent?Donald Trump’s new $100,000 fee on H-1B visa applications has sent shockwaves through the tech industry, universities, and foreign governments. In this video, we unpack the legal, economic, and political fallout — from panics at airports to diplomatic blowback, from the Hyundai factory raid to the eerie silence of Silicon Valley CEOs. Is this the end of skilled immigration as we know it? Or just another chapter in America’s long-running immigration drama?We’ll explore:What the H-1B visa is and why it mattersHow the fee could reshape tech hiring, university admissions, and global talent flowsThe legal challenges ahead and the industrial policy contradictionsWhy CEOs are staying quiet — and what that silence saysThe growing divide between MAGA populism and tech elite pragmatismPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 29 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 🌟Go to http://covepure.com/patrick to get $200 off.Is America Closing the Door on Global Talent?Donald Trump’s new $100,000 fee on H-1B visa applications has sent shockwaves through the tech industry, universities, and foreign governments. In this video, we unpack the legal, economic, and political fallout — from panics at airports to diplomatic blowback, from the Hyundai factory raid to the eerie silence of Silicon Valley CEOs. Is this the end of skilled immigration as we know it? Or just another chapter in America’s long-running immigration drama?We’ll explore:What the H-1B visa is and why it mattersHow the fee could reshape tech hiring, university admissions, and global talent flowsThe legal challenges ahead and the industrial policy contradictionsWhy CEOs are staying quiet — and what that silence saysThe growing divide between MAGA populism and tech elite pragmatismPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 🌟Go to http://covepure.com/patrick to get $200 off.

Is America Closing the Door on Global Talent?
Donald Trump’s new $100,000 fee on H-1B visa applications has sent shockwaves through the tech industry, universities, and foreign governments. In this video, we unpack the legal, economic, and political fallout — from panics at airports to diplomatic blowback, from the Hyundai factory raid to the eerie silence of Silicon Valley CEOs. Is this the end of skilled immigration as we know it? Or just another chapter in America’s long-running immigration drama?

We’ll explore:

What the H-1B visa is and why it matters
How the fee could reshape tech hiring, university admissions, and global talent flows
The legal challenges ahead and the industrial policy contradictions
Why CEOs are staying quiet — and what that silence says
The growing divide between MAGA populism and tech elite pragmatism

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1832 no Volatility Trading - Call and Put Options - Trading Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Derivatives For The Trading Floor, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/3GdLi2s Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is volatility trading?Volatility trading is the term used to describe trading the volatility of the price of an underlying instrument rather than the price itself. For example, you could trade the price direction of an equity index, but volatility trading typically means trading the expected future volatility of the index. Any instrument whose price moves, exhibits price volatility. Volatility trading is simply buying and selling the expected future volatility of the instrument. Rather than predicting whether the price of an asset will move up or down, volatility traders are concerned with how much movement, in any direction, will occur.How is volatility traded?The most common way to trade volatility is using options. The value of an option is affected by several factors, but an essential determinant of its value is the expected future volatility of the underlying instrument, which is included in the pricing formulas as standard deviation. Other things being equal, options struck on an underlying with higher expected volatility will be more expensive than options struck on an underlying expected to be less volatile. Options therefore are a good way to gain exposure to the volatility of the underlying.The price of volatilityThe value of an option can be attributed to several components. By stripping these away, traders can imply an annualised volatility level that the option’s tick value equates to. This is known as the implied volatility. So an equity index may be trading at a certain price and it may have exhibited a certain realized level of volatility over the previous 12 months. Traders can compare this realized level of volatility with the current implied level as seen in the option market. However, there is a crucial difference here; the implied volatility level refers to the annualized volatility that is expected over the life of the option. In other words, it is forward looking and reflects traders’ current best estimate of what future realized volatility will be. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 28 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Derivatives For The Trading Floor, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/3GdLi2s Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is volatility trading?Volatility trading is the term used to describe trading the volatility of the price of an underlying instrument rather than the price itself. For example, you could trade the price direction of an equity index, but volatility trading typically means trading the expected future volatility of the index. Any instrument whose price moves, exhibits price volatility. Volatility trading is simply buying and selling the expected future volatility of the instrument. Rather than predicting whether the price of an asset will move up or down, volatility traders are concerned with how much movement, in any direction, will occur.How is volatility traded?The most common way to trade volatility is using options. The value of an option is affected by several factors, but an essential determinant of its value is the expected future volatility of the underlying instrument, which is included in the pricing formulas as standard deviation. Other things being equal, options struck on an underlying with higher expected volatility will be more expensive than options struck on an underlying expected to be less volatile. Options therefore are a good way to gain exposure to the volatility of the underlying.The price of volatilityThe value of an option can be attributed to several components. By stripping these away, traders can imply an annualised volatility level that the option’s tick value equates to. This is known as the implied volatility. So an equity index may be trading at a certain price and it may have exhibited a certain realized level of volatility over the previous 12 months. Traders can compare this realized level of volatility with the current implied level as seen in the option market. However, there is a crucial difference here; the implied volatility level refers to the annualized volatility that is expected over the life of the option. In other words, it is forward looking and reflects traders’ current best estimate of what future realized volatility will be. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Derivatives For The Trading Floor, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/3GdLi2s
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is volatility trading?
Volatility trading is the term used to describe trading the volatility of the price of an underlying instrument rather than the price itself. For example, you could trade the price direction of an equity index, but volatility trading typically means trading the expected future volatility of the index. Any instrument whose price moves, exhibits price volatility. Volatility trading is simply buying and selling the expected future volatility of the instrument. Rather than predicting whether the price of an asset will move up or down, volatility traders are concerned with how much movement, in any direction, will occur.

How is volatility traded?
The most common way to trade volatility is using options. The value of an option is affected by several factors, but an essential determinant of its value is the expected future volatility of the underlying instrument, which is included in the pricing formulas as standard deviation. Other things being equal, options struck on an underlying with higher expected volatility will be more expensive than options struck on an underlying expected to be less volatile. Options therefore are a good way to gain exposure to the volatility of the underlying.

The price of volatility
The value of an option can be attributed to several components. By stripping these away, traders can imply an annualised volatility level that the option’s tick value equates to. This is known as the implied volatility. So an equity index may be trading at a certain price and it may have exhibited a certain realized level of volatility over the previous 12 months. Traders can compare this realized level of volatility with the current implied level as seen in the option market. However, there is a crucial difference here; the implied volatility level refers to the annualized volatility that is expected over the life of the option. In other words, it is forward looking and reflects traders’ current best estimate of what future realized volatility will be.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1204 no AAA Rated Junk: What Tricolor and First Brands Reveal About Credit Markets! Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleTwo companies collapsed last month. One sold used cars, the other distributed brake pads and spark plugs. Both issued debt rated AAA. Now their bonds are trading at cents on the dollar—and Wall Street is pretending not to notice.In this video, we dig into down the bankruptcies of Tricolor Holdings and First Brands Group to understand what they reveal about private credit, and why supposedly safe securities are starting to look a lot less safe. We’ll look at hidden leverage, double-pledged collateral, shadow banking, and the growing disconnect between risk and reward in today’s credit markets.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 27 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleTwo companies collapsed last month. One sold used cars, the other distributed brake pads and spark plugs. Both issued debt rated AAA. Now their bonds are trading at cents on the dollar—and Wall Street is pretending not to notice.In this video, we dig into down the bankruptcies of Tricolor Holdings and First Brands Group to understand what they reveal about private credit, and why supposedly safe securities are starting to look a lot less safe. We’ll look at hidden leverage, double-pledged collateral, shadow banking, and the growing disconnect between risk and reward in today’s credit markets.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

Two companies collapsed last month. One sold used cars, the other distributed brake pads and spark plugs. Both issued debt rated AAA. Now their bonds are trading at cents on the dollar—and Wall Street is pretending not to notice.
In this video, we dig into down the bankruptcies of Tricolor Holdings and First Brands Group to understand what they reveal about private credit, and why supposedly safe securities are starting to look a lot less safe. We’ll look at hidden leverage, double-pledged collateral, shadow banking, and the growing disconnect between risk and reward in today’s credit markets.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1601 no Dynamic Hedging (Part 2) The second part of my tutorial on dynamic hedging.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Dynamic Hedging?A hedging technique which seeks to limit an investment's exposure to delta and gamma by adjusting the hedge as the underlying security changes (hence, "dynamic"). The strategy is frequently used by financial professionals working with derivatives. Derivatives dealers often find that they hold large numbers of short options positions on an underlier which they want to offset by purchasing long options, but that they cannot find long options because these types of options are not as available. To reduce exposure the trader will create a delta hedge of a non-linear position, such as an exotic option, with a linear position, such as a spot trade.The deltas of the linear and non-linear positions offset. As the value of the underlying changes the trader will have to take out new linear positions to offset the changing non-linear delta. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 27 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle The second part of my tutorial on dynamic hedging.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Dynamic Hedging?A hedging technique which seeks to limit an investment's exposure to delta and gamma by adjusting the hedge as the underlying security changes (hence, "dynamic"). The strategy is frequently used by financial professionals working with derivatives. Derivatives dealers often find that they hold large numbers of short options positions on an underlier which they want to offset by purchasing long options, but that they cannot find long options because these types of options are not as available. To reduce exposure the trader will create a delta hedge of a non-linear position, such as an exotic option, with a linear position, such as a spot trade.The deltas of the linear and non-linear positions offset. As the value of the underlying changes the trader will have to take out new linear positions to offset the changing non-linear delta. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices The second part of my tutorial on dynamic hedging.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Dynamic Hedging?
A hedging technique which seeks to limit an investment's exposure to delta and gamma by adjusting the hedge as the underlying security changes (hence, "dynamic"). The strategy is frequently used by financial professionals working with derivatives. Derivatives dealers often find that they hold large numbers of short options positions on an underlier which they want to offset by purchasing long options, but that they cannot find long options because these types of options are not as available. To reduce exposure the trader will create a delta hedge of a non-linear position, such as an exotic option, with a linear position, such as a spot trade.
The deltas of the linear and non-linear positions offset. As the value of the underlying changes the trader will have to take out new linear positions to offset the changing non-linear delta.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 509 no The Chainsaw Stalls: Can Milei Cut Through Argentina’s Currency Collapse? Go to ➞ https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!Argentina’s economy is in crisis—again. President Javier Milei’s reforms slashed inflation and balanced the budget, but now the peso is under siege. In this video, we unpack the $20 billion U.S. bailout, the speculative pressure on Argentina’s currency, and the political risks ahead of the October 26 midterms.We’ll look at:Why the U.S. Treasury is buying pesos for the first time in decadesHow Milei’s fixed-but-adjustable exchange rate is draining reservesThe geopolitical angle: China, soybeans, and Washington’s strategic betWhat history tells us about defending overvalued currenciesWhether Milei’s reform agenda can survive—or if the chainsaw has stalledPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 26 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Go to ➞ https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!Argentina’s economy is in crisis—again. President Javier Milei’s reforms slashed inflation and balanced the budget, but now the peso is under siege. In this video, we unpack the $20 billion U.S. bailout, the speculative pressure on Argentina’s currency, and the political risks ahead of the October 26 midterms.We’ll look at:Why the U.S. Treasury is buying pesos for the first time in decadesHow Milei’s fixed-but-adjustable exchange rate is draining reservesThe geopolitical angle: China, soybeans, and Washington’s strategic betWhat history tells us about defending overvalued currenciesWhether Milei’s reform agenda can survive—or if the chainsaw has stalledPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Go to ➞ https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!

Argentina’s economy is in crisis—again. President Javier Milei’s reforms slashed inflation and balanced the budget, but now the peso is under siege. In this video, we unpack the $20 billion U.S. bailout, the speculative pressure on Argentina’s currency, and the political risks ahead of the October 26 midterms.

We’ll look at:

Why the U.S. Treasury is buying pesos for the first time in decades
How Milei’s fixed-but-adjustable exchange rate is draining reserves
The geopolitical angle: China, soybeans, and Washington’s strategic bet
What history tells us about defending overvalued currencies
Whether Milei’s reform agenda can survive—or if the chainsaw has stalled

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1237 no Dynamic Hedging of Options - Option Trading Strategies These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Dynamic Hedging?A hedging technique which seeks to limit an investment's exposure to delta and gamma by adjusting the hedge as the underlying security changes (hence, "dynamic"). The strategy is frequently used by financial professionals working with derivatives. Derivatives dealers often find that they hold large numbers of short options positions on an underlier which they want to offset by purchasing long options, but that they cannot find long options because these types of options are not as available. To reduce exposure the trader will create a delta hedge of a non-linear position, such as an exotic option, with a linear position, such as a spot trade.The deltas of the linear and non-linear positions offset. As the value of the underlying changes the trader will have to take out new linear positions to offset the changing non-linear delta.Watch this video to the end to win a free book Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 25 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Dynamic Hedging?A hedging technique which seeks to limit an investment's exposure to delta and gamma by adjusting the hedge as the underlying security changes (hence, "dynamic"). The strategy is frequently used by financial professionals working with derivatives. Derivatives dealers often find that they hold large numbers of short options positions on an underlier which they want to offset by purchasing long options, but that they cannot find long options because these types of options are not as available. To reduce exposure the trader will create a delta hedge of a non-linear position, such as an exotic option, with a linear position, such as a spot trade.The deltas of the linear and non-linear positions offset. As the value of the underlying changes the trader will have to take out new linear positions to offset the changing non-linear delta.Watch this video to the end to win a free book Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Dynamic Hedging?
A hedging technique which seeks to limit an investment's exposure to delta and gamma by adjusting the hedge as the underlying security changes (hence, "dynamic"). The strategy is frequently used by financial professionals working with derivatives. Derivatives dealers often find that they hold large numbers of short options positions on an underlier which they want to offset by purchasing long options, but that they cannot find long options because these types of options are not as available. To reduce exposure the trader will create a delta hedge of a non-linear position, such as an exotic option, with a linear position, such as a spot trade.
The deltas of the linear and non-linear positions offset. As the value of the underlying changes the trader will have to take out new linear positions to offset the changing non-linear delta.

Watch this video to the end to win a free book

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 524 no Private Equity’s Quiet Crisis! ⚡️ Build something with Lovable ➡️➡️https://lovable.link/patrickboylePrivate equity has long promised smooth returns, operational excellence, and sophisticated diversification. But behind the pitch decks and performance charts lies a growing crisis. In this video, we explore:🔹 Why private equity firms are struggling to exit investments🔹 The illusion of stability created by stale pricing🔹 The role of leverage in driving returns — and fragility🔹 The push into 401(k)s and what it means for retail investors🔹 The rise of continuation funds, NAV loans, and other liquidity maneuvers🔹 The social and regulatory backlash against PE roll-up strategies🔹 What Bain, Buffett, and Cliff Asness really think about the modelFrom inflated IRRs to collapsing portfolio companies, the cracks are starting to show. Is private equity still a smart bet — or just a sophisticated shell game?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 24 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle ⚡️ Build something with Lovable ➡️➡️https://lovable.link/patrickboylePrivate equity has long promised smooth returns, operational excellence, and sophisticated diversification. But behind the pitch decks and performance charts lies a growing crisis. In this video, we explore:🔹 Why private equity firms are struggling to exit investments🔹 The illusion of stability created by stale pricing🔹 The role of leverage in driving returns — and fragility🔹 The push into 401(k)s and what it means for retail investors🔹 The rise of continuation funds, NAV loans, and other liquidity maneuvers🔹 The social and regulatory backlash against PE roll-up strategies🔹 What Bain, Buffett, and Cliff Asness really think about the modelFrom inflated IRRs to collapsing portfolio companies, the cracks are starting to show. Is private equity still a smart bet — or just a sophisticated shell game?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices ⚡️ Build something with Lovable ➡️➡️https://lovable.link/patrickboyle

Private equity has long promised smooth returns, operational excellence, and sophisticated diversification. But behind the pitch decks and performance charts lies a growing crisis. In this video, we explore:
🔹 Why private equity firms are struggling to exit investments
🔹 The illusion of stability created by stale pricing
🔹 The role of leverage in driving returns — and fragility
🔹 The push into 401(k)s and what it means for retail investors
🔹 The rise of continuation funds, NAV loans, and other liquidity maneuvers
🔹 The social and regulatory backlash against PE roll-up strategies
🔹 What Bain, Buffett, and Cliff Asness really think about the model
From inflated IRRs to collapsing portfolio companies, the cracks are starting to show. Is private equity still a smart bet — or just a sophisticated shell game?

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1681 no Creating Neutral Portfolios - The Option Greeks These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe option sensitivity measures familiar to most option traders are often referred to as the Greeks: delta, gamma, vega, lambda, rho, and theta. Delta is the price sensitivity of an option with respect to changes in the price of the underlying asset. It represents a first-order sensitivity measure analogous to duration in fixed income markets. Gamma is the sensitivity of an option's delta to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and represents a second-order price sensitivity analogous to convexity in fixed income markets. Vega is the price sensitivity of an option with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset. See Pricing and Analyzing Equity Derivatives or the Glossary for other definitions. The Greeks of a particular option are a function of the model used to price the option. However, given enough different options to work with, a trader can construct a portfolio with any desired values for its greeks. For example, to insulate the value of an option portfolio from small changes in the price of the underlying asset, one trader might construct an option portfolio whose delta is zero. Such a portfolio is then said to be “delta neutral.” Another trader may want to protect an option portfolio from larger changes in the price of the underlying asset, and so might construct a portfolio whose delta and gamma are both zero. Such a portfolio is both delta and gamma neutral. A third trader may want to construct a portfolio insulated from small changes in the volatility of the underlying asset in addition to delta and gamma neutrality. Such a portfolio is then delta, gamma, and vega neutral. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 24 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe option sensitivity measures familiar to most option traders are often referred to as the Greeks: delta, gamma, vega, lambda, rho, and theta. Delta is the price sensitivity of an option with respect to changes in the price of the underlying asset. It represents a first-order sensitivity measure analogous to duration in fixed income markets. Gamma is the sensitivity of an option's delta to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and represents a second-order price sensitivity analogous to convexity in fixed income markets. Vega is the price sensitivity of an option with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset. See Pricing and Analyzing Equity Derivatives or the Glossary for other definitions. The Greeks of a particular option are a function of the model used to price the option. However, given enough different options to work with, a trader can construct a portfolio with any desired values for its greeks. For example, to insulate the value of an option portfolio from small changes in the price of the underlying asset, one trader might construct an option portfolio whose delta is zero. Such a portfolio is then said to be “delta neutral.” Another trader may want to protect an option portfolio from larger changes in the price of the underlying asset, and so might construct a portfolio whose delta and gamma are both zero. Such a portfolio is both delta and gamma neutral. A third trader may want to construct a portfolio insulated from small changes in the volatility of the underlying asset in addition to delta and gamma neutrality. Such a portfolio is then delta, gamma, and vega neutral. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

The option sensitivity measures familiar to most option traders are often referred to as the Greeks: delta, gamma, vega, lambda, rho, and theta. Delta is the price sensitivity of an option with respect to changes in the price of the underlying asset. It represents a first-order sensitivity measure analogous to duration in fixed income markets. Gamma is the sensitivity of an option's delta to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and represents a second-order price sensitivity analogous to convexity in fixed income markets. Vega is the price sensitivity of an option with respect to changes in the volatility of the underlying asset. See Pricing and Analyzing Equity Derivatives or the Glossary for other definitions.

The Greeks of a particular option are a function of the model used to price the option. However, given enough different options to work with, a trader can construct a portfolio with any desired values for its greeks. For example, to insulate the value of an option portfolio from small changes in the price of the underlying asset, one trader might construct an option portfolio whose delta is zero. Such a portfolio is then said to be “delta neutral.” Another trader may want to protect an option portfolio from larger changes in the price of the underlying asset, and so might construct a portfolio whose delta and gamma are both zero. Such a portfolio is both delta and gamma neutral. A third trader may want to construct a portfolio insulated from small changes in the volatility of the underlying asset in addition to delta and gamma neutrality. Such a portfolio is then delta, gamma, and vega neutral.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 455 no Is AI’s Circular Financing Inflating a Bubble? 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻The AI boom isn’t just about algorithms — it’s about money, power, and a race to build infrastructure on a scale we’ve never seen before. In this video, we break down the circular deals between OpenAI, Nvidia, Amazon, Anthropic, and even Elon Musk’s empire — and ask the hard questions: Who’s paying for this? Where will the electricity come from? And is the industry building a Möbius strip of venture capital and gigawatts that could collapse under its own weight?We’ll explore:The spaghetti diagram of AI’s biggest playersOpenAI’s trillion-dollar data center ambitionsWhy Nvidia’s demand might not be what it seemsThe risk of stranded assets and systemic leverageHow geopolitics and energy constraints could shape the futureIf you want to understand the economics behind the hype — and why this might be the biggest corporate investment project in history — watch now.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 23 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻The AI boom isn’t just about algorithms — it’s about money, power, and a race to build infrastructure on a scale we’ve never seen before. In this video, we break down the circular deals between OpenAI, Nvidia, Amazon, Anthropic, and even Elon Musk’s empire — and ask the hard questions: Who’s paying for this? Where will the electricity come from? And is the industry building a Möbius strip of venture capital and gigawatts that could collapse under its own weight?We’ll explore:The spaghetti diagram of AI’s biggest playersOpenAI’s trillion-dollar data center ambitionsWhy Nvidia’s demand might not be what it seemsThe risk of stranded assets and systemic leverageHow geopolitics and energy constraints could shape the futureIf you want to understand the economics behind the hype — and why this might be the biggest corporate investment project in history — watch now.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻

The AI boom isn’t just about algorithms — it’s about money, power, and a race to build infrastructure on a scale we’ve never seen before. In this video, we break down the circular deals between OpenAI, Nvidia, Amazon, Anthropic, and even Elon Musk’s empire — and ask the hard questions: Who’s paying for this? Where will the electricity come from? And is the industry building a Möbius strip of venture capital and gigawatts that could collapse under its own weight?
We’ll explore:

The spaghetti diagram of AI’s biggest players
OpenAI’s trillion-dollar data center ambitions
Why Nvidia’s demand might not be what it seems
The risk of stranded assets and systemic leverage
How geopolitics and energy constraints could shape the future

If you want to understand the economics behind the hype — and why this might be the biggest corporate investment project in history — watch now.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1678 no What is Options Gamma? The Options Greeks - Trading Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Gamma?Gamma is a measure of the rate of change of its delta . The gamma of an option is expressed as a percentage and reflects the change in the delta in response to a one point movement of the underlying stock price. Like the delta, the gamma is constantly changing, even with tiny movements of the underlying stock price. It generally is at its peak value when the stock price is near the strike price of the option and decreases as the option goes deeper into or out of the money.what is delta gamma theta vega in options? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 22 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Gamma?Gamma is a measure of the rate of change of its delta . The gamma of an option is expressed as a percentage and reflects the change in the delta in response to a one point movement of the underlying stock price. Like the delta, the gamma is constantly changing, even with tiny movements of the underlying stock price. It generally is at its peak value when the stock price is near the strike price of the option and decreases as the option goes deeper into or out of the money.what is delta gamma theta vega in options? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Options Gamma?

Gamma is a measure of the rate of change of its delta . The gamma of an option is expressed as a percentage and reflects the change in the delta in response to a one point movement of the underlying stock price. Like the delta, the gamma is constantly changing, even with tiny movements of the underlying stock price. It generally is at its peak value when the stock price is near the strike price of the option and decreases as the option goes deeper into or out of the money.

what is delta gamma theta vega in options?

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]]> 439 no China’s Rare Earth Chokehold! 👉🏻 To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.In this video, we explore how China’s dominance in rare earth elements has become a powerful geopolitical tool—and why the United States is struggling to catch up. From the Mountain Pass mine in California to Apple’s $500 million recycling push, we unpack the strategic importance of rare earths in everything from electric vehicles and smartphones to fiber optics and missile systems.We also look at the recent Trump–Xi summit, the temporary truce on export controls, and the deeper tensions that remain unresolved. Why are rare earths so hard to substitute? How does China’s export licensing regime work? And what happens if the U.S. gets cut off?🔍 Topics covered:Rare earths in global supply chainsChina’s export controls and licensing strategyU.S. efforts to rebuild domestic productionMilitary vs civilian demand for rare earthsRecycling, substitution, and strategic stockpilingPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 21 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 👉🏻 To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.In this video, we explore how China’s dominance in rare earth elements has become a powerful geopolitical tool—and why the United States is struggling to catch up. From the Mountain Pass mine in California to Apple’s $500 million recycling push, we unpack the strategic importance of rare earths in everything from electric vehicles and smartphones to fiber optics and missile systems.We also look at the recent Trump–Xi summit, the temporary truce on export controls, and the deeper tensions that remain unresolved. Why are rare earths so hard to substitute? How does China’s export licensing regime work? And what happens if the U.S. gets cut off?🔍 Topics covered:Rare earths in global supply chainsChina’s export controls and licensing strategyU.S. efforts to rebuild domestic productionMilitary vs civilian demand for rare earthsRecycling, substitution, and strategic stockpilingPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 👉🏻 To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

In this video, we explore how China’s dominance in rare earth elements has become a powerful geopolitical tool—and why the United States is struggling to catch up. From the Mountain Pass mine in California to Apple’s $500 million recycling push, we unpack the strategic importance of rare earths in everything from electric vehicles and smartphones to fiber optics and missile systems.
We also look at the recent Trump–Xi summit, the temporary truce on export controls, and the deeper tensions that remain unresolved. Why are rare earths so hard to substitute? How does China’s export licensing regime work? And what happens if the U.S. gets cut off?

🔍 Topics covered:

Rare earths in global supply chains
China’s export controls and licensing strategy
U.S. efforts to rebuild domestic production
Military vs civilian demand for rare earths
Recycling, substitution, and strategic stockpiling

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
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]]> 1911 no What is Options Vega? The Options Greeks - Options Trading Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Vega?Vega is a measure of the impact of changes in implied volatility on the option price. Specifically, the vega of an option expresses the change in the price of the option for every 1% change in implied volatility.Options tend to be more expensive when volatility is higher. Thus, whenever volatility goes up, the price of the option goes up and when volatility drops, the price of the option will also fall. ExampleA stock XYZ is trading at $46 in May and a JUN 50 call is selling for $2. Let's assume that the vega of the option is 0.15 and that the underlying volatility is 25%.If the underlying volatility increased by 1% to 26%, then the price of the option should rise to $2 + 0.15 = $2.15.However, if the volatility had gone down by 2% to 23% instead, then the option price should drop to $2 - (2 x 0.15) = $1.70Passage of time and its effects on the vegaThe more time remaining to option expiration, the higher the vega. This makes sense as time value makes up a larger proportion of the premium for longer term options and it is the time value that is sensitive to changes in volatility. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 21 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Vega?Vega is a measure of the impact of changes in implied volatility on the option price. Specifically, the vega of an option expresses the change in the price of the option for every 1% change in implied volatility.Options tend to be more expensive when volatility is higher. Thus, whenever volatility goes up, the price of the option goes up and when volatility drops, the price of the option will also fall. ExampleA stock XYZ is trading at $46 in May and a JUN 50 call is selling for $2. Let's assume that the vega of the option is 0.15 and that the underlying volatility is 25%.If the underlying volatility increased by 1% to 26%, then the price of the option should rise to $2 + 0.15 = $2.15.However, if the volatility had gone down by 2% to 23% instead, then the option price should drop to $2 - (2 x 0.15) = $1.70Passage of time and its effects on the vegaThe more time remaining to option expiration, the higher the vega. This makes sense as time value makes up a larger proportion of the premium for longer term options and it is the time value that is sensitive to changes in volatility. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Options Vega?
Vega is a measure of the impact of changes in implied volatility on the option price. Specifically, the vega of an option expresses the change in the price of the option for every 1% change in implied volatility.

Options tend to be more expensive when volatility is higher. Thus, whenever volatility goes up, the price of the option goes up and when volatility drops, the price of the option will also fall.

Example
A stock XYZ is trading at $46 in May and a JUN 50 call is selling for $2. Let's assume that the vega of the option is 0.15 and that the underlying volatility is 25%.

If the underlying volatility increased by 1% to 26%, then the price of the option should rise to $2 + 0.15 = $2.15.
However, if the volatility had gone down by 2% to 23% instead, then the option price should drop to $2 - (2 x 0.15) = $1.70

Passage of time and its effects on the vega
The more time remaining to option expiration, the higher the vega. This makes sense as time value makes up a larger proportion of the premium for longer term options and it is the time value that is sensitive to changes in volatility.

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]]> 490 no Elon Musk's Anti Woke Encyclopedia Go to ➞ https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!Elon Musk says his new online encyclopedia Grokipedia will fix Wikipedia’s flaws by replacing human editors with AI. But can a chatbot really deliver “the whole truth and nothing but the truth” as he says? In this video, we dive into the battle between Wikipedia’s messy, transparent consensus and Grokipedia’s algorithmic certainty.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 20 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Go to ➞ https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!Elon Musk says his new online encyclopedia Grokipedia will fix Wikipedia’s flaws by replacing human editors with AI. But can a chatbot really deliver “the whole truth and nothing but the truth” as he says? In this video, we dive into the battle between Wikipedia’s messy, transparent consensus and Grokipedia’s algorithmic certainty.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Go to ➞ https://surfshark.com/boyle or use code BOYLE at checkout to get 4 extra months of Surfshark VPN!

Elon Musk says his new online encyclopedia Grokipedia will fix Wikipedia’s flaws by replacing human editors with AI. But can a chatbot really deliver “the whole truth and nothing but the truth” as he says? In this video, we dive into the battle between Wikipedia’s messy, transparent consensus and Grokipedia’s algorithmic certainty.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

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]]> 2086 no What is Rho in Options? The Options Greeks - Options Trading Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Rho in Options?Rho is the rate at which the price of a derivative changes relative to a change in the risk-free rate of interest. Rho measures the sensitivity of an option or options portfolio to a change in interest rate. Rho may also refer to the aggregated risk exposure to interest rate changes that exist for a book of several options positions.If an option or options portfolio has a rho of 1.0, then for every 1 percentage-point increase in interest rates, the value of the option (or portfolio) increases 1 percent. Options that are most sensitive to changes in interest rates are those that are at-the-money and with the longest time to expiration.Check out our playlist on the Options Greeks to see more on this topic. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 19 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Rho in Options?Rho is the rate at which the price of a derivative changes relative to a change in the risk-free rate of interest. Rho measures the sensitivity of an option or options portfolio to a change in interest rate. Rho may also refer to the aggregated risk exposure to interest rate changes that exist for a book of several options positions.If an option or options portfolio has a rho of 1.0, then for every 1 percentage-point increase in interest rates, the value of the option (or portfolio) increases 1 percent. Options that are most sensitive to changes in interest rates are those that are at-the-money and with the longest time to expiration.Check out our playlist on the Options Greeks to see more on this topic. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Rho in Options?
Rho is the rate at which the price of a derivative changes relative to a change in the risk-free rate of interest. Rho measures the sensitivity of an option or options portfolio to a change in interest rate. Rho may also refer to the aggregated risk exposure to interest rate changes that exist for a book of several options positions.

If an option or options portfolio has a rho of 1.0, then for every 1 percentage-point increase in interest rates, the value of the option (or portfolio) increases 1 percent. Options that are most sensitive to changes in interest rates are those that are at-the-money and with the longest time to expiration.

Check out our playlist on the Options Greeks to see more on this topic.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 447 no The 50-Year Mortgage: What You MUST Know! ✨ Start designing today with Gamma for free ➡️ https://gamma.app/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=influencer&utm_campaign=nov25&utm_content=akg_PBoyleIs Trump’s 50-Year Mortgage Plan the answer to America’s housing affordability crisis—or a financial trap? In this video, we break down the economics, politics, and history behind ultra-long mortgages.You’ll learn:* Why a 50-year mortgage might not lower monthly payments as promised* How interest rates and risk pricing change with longer loan terms* The hidden costs: slower equity growth, higher lifetime interest, and systemic risk* Lessons from Japan’s 50- and 100-year mortgages—and why they failed* What really drives housing affordability If you’re curious about housing policy, mortgage mechanics, and the future of homeownership, this deep dive is for you.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 18 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle ✨ Start designing today with Gamma for free ➡️ https://gamma.app/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=influencer&utm_campaign=nov25&utm_content=akg_PBoyleIs Trump’s 50-Year Mortgage Plan the answer to America’s housing affordability crisis—or a financial trap? In this video, we break down the economics, politics, and history behind ultra-long mortgages.You’ll learn:* Why a 50-year mortgage might not lower monthly payments as promised* How interest rates and risk pricing change with longer loan terms* The hidden costs: slower equity growth, higher lifetime interest, and systemic risk* Lessons from Japan’s 50- and 100-year mortgages—and why they failed* What really drives housing affordability If you’re curious about housing policy, mortgage mechanics, and the future of homeownership, this deep dive is for you.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices ✨ Start designing today with Gamma for free ➡️ https://gamma.app/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=influencer&utm_campaign=nov25&utm_content=akg_PBoyle

Is Trump’s 50-Year Mortgage Plan the answer to America’s housing affordability crisis—or a financial trap? In this video, we break down the economics, politics, and history behind ultra-long mortgages.
You’ll learn:
* Why a 50-year mortgage might not lower monthly payments as promised
* How interest rates and risk pricing change with longer loan terms
* The hidden costs: slower equity growth, higher lifetime interest, and systemic risk
* Lessons from Japan’s 50- and 100-year mortgages—and why they failed
* What really drives housing affordability
If you’re curious about housing policy, mortgage mechanics, and the future of homeownership, this deep dive is for you.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1462 no What is Options Theta? Time Decay in Financial Options These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Theta?An option's theta is a measurement of the option's time decay. The theta measures the rate at which options lose their value as the expiration date draws nearer. Theta is generally expressed as a negative number, the theta of an option reflects the amount by which the option's value will decrease every day.An ExampleA call option with a current price of $2 and a theta of -0.05 will experience a drop in price of $0.05 per day. So in two days' time, the price of the option should fall to $1.90.Time to Expiration and its Effects on ThetaLonger term options have theta of almost 0 as they do not lose value on a daily basis. Theta is higher for shorter term options, especially at-the-money options. This is pretty obvious as such options have the highest time value and thus have more premium to lose each day.Conversely, theta goes up dramatically as options near expiration as time decay is at its greatest during that period.Changes in Volatility and its Effects on ThetaIn general, options of high volatility stocks have higher theta than low volatility stocks. This is because the time value premium on these options are higher and so they have more to lose per day.what is delta gamma theta vega in options Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 18 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Theta?An option's theta is a measurement of the option's time decay. The theta measures the rate at which options lose their value as the expiration date draws nearer. Theta is generally expressed as a negative number, the theta of an option reflects the amount by which the option's value will decrease every day.An ExampleA call option with a current price of $2 and a theta of -0.05 will experience a drop in price of $0.05 per day. So in two days' time, the price of the option should fall to $1.90.Time to Expiration and its Effects on ThetaLonger term options have theta of almost 0 as they do not lose value on a daily basis. Theta is higher for shorter term options, especially at-the-money options. This is pretty obvious as such options have the highest time value and thus have more premium to lose each day.Conversely, theta goes up dramatically as options near expiration as time decay is at its greatest during that period.Changes in Volatility and its Effects on ThetaIn general, options of high volatility stocks have higher theta than low volatility stocks. This is because the time value premium on these options are higher and so they have more to lose per day.what is delta gamma theta vega in options Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Options Theta?

An option's theta is a measurement of the option's time decay. The theta measures the rate at which options lose their value as the expiration date draws nearer. Theta is generally expressed as a negative number, the theta of an option reflects the amount by which the option's value will decrease every day.

An Example
A call option with a current price of $2 and a theta of -0.05 will experience a drop in price of $0.05 per day. So in two days' time, the price of the option should fall to $1.90.

Time to Expiration and its Effects on Theta
Longer term options have theta of almost 0 as they do not lose value on a daily basis. Theta is higher for shorter term options, especially at-the-money options. This is pretty obvious as such options have the highest time value and thus have more premium to lose each day.

Conversely, theta goes up dramatically as options near expiration as time decay is at its greatest during that period.

Changes in Volatility and its Effects on Theta
In general, options of high volatility stocks have higher theta than low volatility stocks. This is because the time value premium on these options are higher and so they have more to lose per day.

what is delta gamma theta vega in options

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]]> 536 no Does OpenAI expect a Government Bailout? 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻OpenAI has signed $1.4 trillion in infrastructure commitments, but how do they plan to pay for it? Are government subsidies and taxpayer-backed guarantees the next step? In this video, we dive into the financing gymnastics behind the AI revolution, the lobbying for federal support, and why tech firms are pitching AI as “too important to fail.”We’ll cover:✅ OpenAI’s $1.4 trillion data center buildout✅ The push for government backstops and subsidies✅ Nvidia’s warning on energy and capital constraints✅ Why AI could strain power grids and utilities✅ The risk of an AI “metabubble” and what it means for investorsWatch Sarah Friar's Interview @wsj https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8guZhBw4Z3gPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 17 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻OpenAI has signed $1.4 trillion in infrastructure commitments, but how do they plan to pay for it? Are government subsidies and taxpayer-backed guarantees the next step? In this video, we dive into the financing gymnastics behind the AI revolution, the lobbying for federal support, and why tech firms are pitching AI as “too important to fail.”We’ll cover:✅ OpenAI’s $1.4 trillion data center buildout✅ The push for government backstops and subsidies✅ Nvidia’s warning on energy and capital constraints✅ Why AI could strain power grids and utilities✅ The risk of an AI “metabubble” and what it means for investorsWatch Sarah Friar's Interview @wsj https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8guZhBw4Z3gPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻

OpenAI has signed $1.4 trillion in infrastructure commitments, but how do they plan to pay for it? Are government subsidies and taxpayer-backed guarantees the next step? In this video, we dive into the financing gymnastics behind the AI revolution, the lobbying for federal support, and why tech firms are pitching AI as “too important to fail.”
We’ll cover:
✅ OpenAI’s $1.4 trillion data center buildout
✅ The push for government backstops and subsidies
✅ Nvidia’s warning on energy and capital constraints
✅ Why AI could strain power grids and utilities
✅ The risk of an AI “metabubble” and what it means for investors

Watch Sarah Friar's Interview @wsj https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8guZhBw4Z3g

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1738 no Delta Neutral Portfolios - The Options Greeks - Options Trading Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Delta Neutral Portfolio?Delta neutral portfolios are portfolios of options and the underlying instrument with multiple positions with balancing positive and negative deltas so that the overall delta of the portfolio sums to zero.Delta measures how much an option's price changes when the underlying security's price changes.As the value of the underlying assets changes, the position of the Greeks will shift between being positive, negative and neutral. Investors who want to maintain delta neutrality must adjust their portfolio holdings accordingly. Options traders use delta neutral strategies to profit either from implied volatility or from time decay of the options. Delta neutral strategies are also used for hedging purposes.A related term, delta hedging is the process of setting or keeping the delta of a portfolio as close to zero as possible. In practice, maintaining a zero delta is very complex because there are risks associated with re-hedging on large movements in the underlying stock's price, and research indicates portfolios tend to have lower cash flows if re-hedged too frequently.Delta hedging may be accomplished by buying or selling an amount of the underlying that corresponds to the delta of the portfolio. By adjusting the amount bought or sold on new positions, the portfolio delta can be made to sum to zero, and the portfolio is then delta neutral. Options market makers, or others, may form a delta neutral portfolio using related options instead of the underlying. The portfolio's delta (assuming the same underlying) is then the sum of all the individual options' deltas. This method can also be used when the underlying is difficult to trade, for instance when an underlying stock is hard to borrow and therefore cannot be sold short.what is delta gamma theta vega in options Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 16 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Delta Neutral Portfolio?Delta neutral portfolios are portfolios of options and the underlying instrument with multiple positions with balancing positive and negative deltas so that the overall delta of the portfolio sums to zero.Delta measures how much an option's price changes when the underlying security's price changes.As the value of the underlying assets changes, the position of the Greeks will shift between being positive, negative and neutral. Investors who want to maintain delta neutrality must adjust their portfolio holdings accordingly. Options traders use delta neutral strategies to profit either from implied volatility or from time decay of the options. Delta neutral strategies are also used for hedging purposes.A related term, delta hedging is the process of setting or keeping the delta of a portfolio as close to zero as possible. In practice, maintaining a zero delta is very complex because there are risks associated with re-hedging on large movements in the underlying stock's price, and research indicates portfolios tend to have lower cash flows if re-hedged too frequently.Delta hedging may be accomplished by buying or selling an amount of the underlying that corresponds to the delta of the portfolio. By adjusting the amount bought or sold on new positions, the portfolio delta can be made to sum to zero, and the portfolio is then delta neutral. Options market makers, or others, may form a delta neutral portfolio using related options instead of the underlying. The portfolio's delta (assuming the same underlying) is then the sum of all the individual options' deltas. This method can also be used when the underlying is difficult to trade, for instance when an underlying stock is hard to borrow and therefore cannot be sold short.what is delta gamma theta vega in options Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is a Delta Neutral Portfolio?
Delta neutral portfolios are portfolios of options and the underlying instrument with multiple positions with balancing positive and negative deltas so that the overall delta of the portfolio sums to zero.

Delta measures how much an option's price changes when the underlying security's price changes.

As the value of the underlying assets changes, the position of the Greeks will shift between being positive, negative and neutral. Investors who want to maintain delta neutrality must adjust their portfolio holdings accordingly. Options traders use delta neutral strategies to profit either from implied volatility or from time decay of the options. Delta neutral strategies are also used for hedging purposes.

A related term, delta hedging is the process of setting or keeping the delta of a portfolio as close to zero as possible. In practice, maintaining a zero delta is very complex because there are risks associated with re-hedging on large movements in the underlying stock's price, and research indicates portfolios tend to have lower cash flows if re-hedged too frequently.

Delta hedging may be accomplished by buying or selling an amount of the underlying that corresponds to the delta of the portfolio. By adjusting the amount bought or sold on new positions, the portfolio delta can be made to sum to zero, and the portfolio is then delta neutral.

Options market makers, or others, may form a delta neutral portfolio using related options instead of the underlying. The portfolio's delta (assuming the same underlying) is then the sum of all the individual options' deltas. This method can also be used when the underlying is difficult to trade, for instance when an underlying stock is hard to borrow and therefore cannot be sold short.

what is delta gamma theta vega in options

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]]> 389 no AI and the Death of the Career Ladder Check out OpenDots ONE: https://sdqk.shokz.com/PatrickBoyle/ks9vcQRP?utm_content=linkGet 30% OFF the OpenDots ONE. Save an extra 5% with my code PATRICK5, plus a limited Buy One, Get One (BOGO).For decades, a university degree was the golden ticket to a stable career and upward mobility. That promise is breaking down. Graduate unemployment is rising, entry-level jobs are disappearing, and automation is hollowing out the first rung of the corporate ladder.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 15 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Check out OpenDots ONE: https://sdqk.shokz.com/PatrickBoyle/ks9vcQRP?utm_content=linkGet 30% OFF the OpenDots ONE. Save an extra 5% with my code PATRICK5, plus a limited Buy One, Get One (BOGO).For decades, a university degree was the golden ticket to a stable career and upward mobility. That promise is breaking down. Graduate unemployment is rising, entry-level jobs are disappearing, and automation is hollowing out the first rung of the corporate ladder.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Check out OpenDots ONE: https://sdqk.shokz.com/PatrickBoyle/ks9vcQRP?utm_content=link
Get 30% OFF the OpenDots ONE. Save an extra 5% with my code PATRICK5, plus a limited Buy One, Get One (BOGO).

For decades, a university degree was the golden ticket to a stable career and upward mobility. That promise is breaking down. Graduate unemployment is rising, entry-level jobs are disappearing, and automation is hollowing out the first rung of the corporate ladder.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

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]]> 1604 no What Is Options Delta? The Options Greeks These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Delta?The first Greek we will learn about in this video series is Delta, which measures how much an option's price will change for a 1% change in the price of the underlying security or index. For example, a Delta of 0.40 means that the option's price will theoretically move $0.40 for every $1 move in the price of the underlying stock or index.Call optionsHave a positive Delta that can range from zero to 1.00.At-the-money options usually have a Delta near .50.The Delta will increase (and approach 1.00) as the option gets deeper in the money.The Delta of in-the-money call options will get closer to 1.00 as expiration approaches.The Delta of out-of-the-money call options will get closer to zero as expiration approaches.Put option DeltaPut options have a negative Delta that can range from zero to -1.00.At-the-money options usually have a Delta near -.50.The Delta will decrease (and approach -1.00) as the option gets deeper in the money.The Delta of in-the-money put options will get closer to -1.00 as expiration approaches.The Delta of out-of-the-money put options will get closer to zero as expiration approaches.You also might think of Delta, as the percent chance (or probability) that a given option will expire in the money.For example, a Delta of 0.40 means the option has about a 40% chance of being in the money at expiration. This doesn’t mean your trade will be profitable. That of course, depends on the price at which you bought or sold the option.You also might think of Delta, as the number of shares of the underlying stock, the option behaves like.A Delta of 0.40 also means that given a $1 move in the underlying stock, the option will likely gain or lose about the same amount of money as 40 shares of the stock.Tune in tomorrow for a video on Delta Hedging. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 15 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Options Delta?The first Greek we will learn about in this video series is Delta, which measures how much an option's price will change for a 1% change in the price of the underlying security or index. For example, a Delta of 0.40 means that the option's price will theoretically move $0.40 for every $1 move in the price of the underlying stock or index.Call optionsHave a positive Delta that can range from zero to 1.00.At-the-money options usually have a Delta near .50.The Delta will increase (and approach 1.00) as the option gets deeper in the money.The Delta of in-the-money call options will get closer to 1.00 as expiration approaches.The Delta of out-of-the-money call options will get closer to zero as expiration approaches.Put option DeltaPut options have a negative Delta that can range from zero to -1.00.At-the-money options usually have a Delta near -.50.The Delta will decrease (and approach -1.00) as the option gets deeper in the money.The Delta of in-the-money put options will get closer to -1.00 as expiration approaches.The Delta of out-of-the-money put options will get closer to zero as expiration approaches.You also might think of Delta, as the percent chance (or probability) that a given option will expire in the money.For example, a Delta of 0.40 means the option has about a 40% chance of being in the money at expiration. This doesn’t mean your trade will be profitable. That of course, depends on the price at which you bought or sold the option.You also might think of Delta, as the number of shares of the underlying stock, the option behaves like.A Delta of 0.40 also means that given a $1 move in the underlying stock, the option will likely gain or lose about the same amount of money as 40 shares of the stock.Tune in tomorrow for a video on Delta Hedging. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Options Delta?

The first Greek we will learn about in this video series is Delta, which measures how much an option's price will change for a 1% change in the price of the underlying security or index. For example, a Delta of 0.40 means that the option's price will theoretically move $0.40 for every $1 move in the price of the underlying stock or index.

Call options

Have a positive Delta that can range from zero to 1.00.
At-the-money options usually have a Delta near .50.
The Delta will increase (and approach 1.00) as the option gets deeper in the money.
The Delta of in-the-money call options will get closer to 1.00 as expiration approaches.
The Delta of out-of-the-money call options will get closer to zero as expiration approaches.

Put option Delta

Put options have a negative Delta that can range from zero to -1.00.
At-the-money options usually have a Delta near -.50.
The Delta will decrease (and approach -1.00) as the option gets deeper in the money.
The Delta of in-the-money put options will get closer to -1.00 as expiration approaches.
The Delta of out-of-the-money put options will get closer to zero as expiration approaches.
You also might think of Delta, as the percent chance (or probability) that a given option will expire in the money.

For example, a Delta of 0.40 means the option has about a 40% chance of being in the money at expiration. This doesn’t mean your trade will be profitable. That of course, depends on the price at which you bought or sold the option.

You also might think of Delta, as the number of shares of the underlying stock, the option behaves like.

A Delta of 0.40 also means that given a $1 move in the underlying stock, the option will likely gain or lose about the same amount of money as 40 shares of the stock.


Tune in tomorrow for a video on Delta Hedging.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 782 no The Infinite Money Glitch is Broken! Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleFor years, firms like MicroStrategy turned buying Bitcoin into a corporate cheat code—raising billions, pumping token prices, and fueling meme-driven hype. But the magic loop has snapped. In this video, we break down why the “infinite money glitch” stopped working, how leveraged ETFs magnified losses, and why even Michael Saylor is now hoarding dollars. From gamma trades to meme economics, this is the story of how hype capitalism hit a wall.Zeke Faux on @GoodWorkMB : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exoNex2Yn5wPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 14 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleFor years, firms like MicroStrategy turned buying Bitcoin into a corporate cheat code—raising billions, pumping token prices, and fueling meme-driven hype. But the magic loop has snapped. In this video, we break down why the “infinite money glitch” stopped working, how leveraged ETFs magnified losses, and why even Michael Saylor is now hoarding dollars. From gamma trades to meme economics, this is the story of how hype capitalism hit a wall.Zeke Faux on @GoodWorkMB : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exoNex2Yn5wPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

For years, firms like MicroStrategy turned buying Bitcoin into a corporate cheat code—raising billions, pumping token prices, and fueling meme-driven hype. But the magic loop has snapped. In this video, we break down why the “infinite money glitch” stopped working, how leveraged ETFs magnified losses, and why even Michael Saylor is now hoarding dollars. From gamma trades to meme economics, this is the story of how hype capitalism hit a wall.

Zeke Faux on @GoodWorkMB : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exoNex2Yn5w

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

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]]> 1660 no What are the Option Greeks? | Hedging Options | Risk Managing Options These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIf you're an options investor, you may have heard about "Greeks" but you may not know exactly what they are or what they can do for you. If so, watch this series of videos where Patrick Boyle explains what these Greek letters mean and how to use them to better understand the price of an option.What can option Greeks do for you?Using the Greeks, an options investor can make more informed decisions about which options to trade, and when to trade them. Consider some of the things Greeks may help you do:Gauge the likelihood that an option you're considering will expire in the money (Delta).Estimate how much the Delta will change when the stock price changes (Gamma).Get a feel for how much value your option might lose each day as it approaches expiration (Theta).Understand how sensitive an option might be to large price swings in the underlying stock (Vega).Simulate the effect of interest rate changes on an option (Rho).What are Greeks anyway?Greeks, including Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega and Rho, measure the different factors that affect the price of an option contract. They are calculated using a theoretical options pricing model (see How much is an option worth?).Since there are a variety of market factors that can affect the price of an option in some way, assuming all other factors remain unchanged, we can use these pricing models to calculate the Greeks and determine the impact of each factor when its value changes. For example, if we know that an option typically moves less than the underlying stock, we can use Delta to determine how much it is expected to move when the stock moves $1. If we know that an option loses value over time, we can use Theta to approximate how much value it loses each day.what is delta gamma theta vega in options Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 13 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIf you're an options investor, you may have heard about "Greeks" but you may not know exactly what they are or what they can do for you. If so, watch this series of videos where Patrick Boyle explains what these Greek letters mean and how to use them to better understand the price of an option.What can option Greeks do for you?Using the Greeks, an options investor can make more informed decisions about which options to trade, and when to trade them. Consider some of the things Greeks may help you do:Gauge the likelihood that an option you're considering will expire in the money (Delta).Estimate how much the Delta will change when the stock price changes (Gamma).Get a feel for how much value your option might lose each day as it approaches expiration (Theta).Understand how sensitive an option might be to large price swings in the underlying stock (Vega).Simulate the effect of interest rate changes on an option (Rho).What are Greeks anyway?Greeks, including Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega and Rho, measure the different factors that affect the price of an option contract. They are calculated using a theoretical options pricing model (see How much is an option worth?).Since there are a variety of market factors that can affect the price of an option in some way, assuming all other factors remain unchanged, we can use these pricing models to calculate the Greeks and determine the impact of each factor when its value changes. For example, if we know that an option typically moves less than the underlying stock, we can use Delta to determine how much it is expected to move when the stock moves $1. If we know that an option loses value over time, we can use Theta to approximate how much value it loses each day.what is delta gamma theta vega in options Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

If you're an options investor, you may have heard about "Greeks" but you may not know exactly what they are or what they can do for you. If so, watch this series of videos where Patrick Boyle explains what these Greek letters mean and how to use them to better understand the price of an option.

What can option Greeks do for you?
Using the Greeks, an options investor can make more informed decisions about which options to trade, and when to trade them. Consider some of the things Greeks may help you do:

Gauge the likelihood that an option you're considering will expire in the money (Delta).
Estimate how much the Delta will change when the stock price changes (Gamma).
Get a feel for how much value your option might lose each day as it approaches expiration (Theta).
Understand how sensitive an option might be to large price swings in the underlying stock (Vega).
Simulate the effect of interest rate changes on an option (Rho).
What are Greeks anyway?
Greeks, including Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega and Rho, measure the different factors that affect the price of an option contract. They are calculated using a theoretical options pricing model (see How much is an option worth?).

Since there are a variety of market factors that can affect the price of an option in some way, assuming all other factors remain unchanged, we can use these pricing models to calculate the Greeks and determine the impact of each factor when its value changes. For example, if we know that an option typically moves less than the underlying stock, we can use Delta to determine how much it is expected to move when the stock moves $1. If we know that an option loses value over time, we can use Theta to approximate how much value it loses each day.

what is delta gamma theta vega in options

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]]> 424 no Elon Musk Admits DOGE Was a Failure! Thank you to Bilt for sponsoring this video! Start earning rewards on rent right now when you sign up at https://biltrewards.yt.link/MtRNXADDOGE promised to cut $2 trillion from the U.S. budget. Instead, it delivered chaos, memes, and a black eye—literally. In this video, we unpack Elon Musk’s candid post-mortem on the Department of Government Efficiency, why the savings never showed up, and how the “Manhattan Project of our time” turned into a bottle rocket. From the Wall of Receipts to the IRS meltdown and USAID’s woodchipper moment, we follow the money (and the missing billions) using Treasury data, Brookings analysis, and some jaw-dropping anecdotes. If you want the truth behind the headlines—and a few laughs along the way—this is the deep dive you’ve been waiting for.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 12 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Thank you to Bilt for sponsoring this video! Start earning rewards on rent right now when you sign up at https://biltrewards.yt.link/MtRNXADDOGE promised to cut $2 trillion from the U.S. budget. Instead, it delivered chaos, memes, and a black eye—literally. In this video, we unpack Elon Musk’s candid post-mortem on the Department of Government Efficiency, why the savings never showed up, and how the “Manhattan Project of our time” turned into a bottle rocket. From the Wall of Receipts to the IRS meltdown and USAID’s woodchipper moment, we follow the money (and the missing billions) using Treasury data, Brookings analysis, and some jaw-dropping anecdotes. If you want the truth behind the headlines—and a few laughs along the way—this is the deep dive you’ve been waiting for.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thank you to Bilt for sponsoring this video! Start earning rewards on rent right now when you sign up at https://biltrewards.yt.link/MtRNXAD

DOGE promised to cut $2 trillion from the U.S. budget. Instead, it delivered chaos, memes, and a black eye—literally. In this video, we unpack Elon Musk’s candid post-mortem on the Department of Government Efficiency, why the savings never showed up, and how the “Manhattan Project of our time” turned into a bottle rocket. From the Wall of Receipts to the IRS meltdown and USAID’s woodchipper moment, we follow the money (and the missing billions) using Treasury data, Brookings analysis, and some jaw-dropping anecdotes. If you want the truth behind the headlines—and a few laughs along the way—this is the deep dive you’ve been waiting for.


Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

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]]> 2299 no Pricing Options using Black Scholes Merton These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe Black–Scholes or Black–Scholes–Merton model is a mathematical model for the dynamics of a financial market containing derivative investment instruments. From the partial differential equation in the model, known as the Black–Scholes equation, one can deduce the Black–Scholes formula, which gives a theoretical estimate of the price of European-style options and shows that the option has a unique price regardless of the risk of the security and its expected return. The formula led to a boom in options trading and is widely used, although often with adjustments and corrections, by options market participants.Based on works previously developed by academics and practitioners, such as Louis Bachelier and Ed Thorp among others, Fischer Black and Myron Scholes demonstrated in the late 1960s that a dynamic revision of a portfolio removes the expected return of the security, thus inventing the risk neutral argument. After three years of efforts, the formula was published in 1973 in an article entitled "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities", in the Journal of Political Economy. Robert C. Merton was the first to publish a paper expanding the mathematical understanding of the options pricing model, and coined the term "Black–Scholes options pricing model". Merton and Scholes received the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work, the committee citing their discovery of the risk neutral dynamic revision as a breakthrough that separates the option from the risk of the underlying security. Although ineligible for the prize because of his death in 1995, Black was mentioned as a contributor by the Swedish Academy.The key idea behind the model is to hedge the option by buying and selling the underlying asset in in line with its delta and, as a consequence, to eliminate risk. This type of hedging is called "dynamic delta hedging" and is the basis of more complicated hedging strategies such as those engaged in by investment banks and hedge funds. The model's assumptions have been relaxed and generalized in many directions, leading to a plethora of models that are currently used in derivative pricing and risk management. It is the insights of the model, as exemplified in the Black–Scholes formula, that are frequently used by market participants, as distinguished from the actual prices. These insights include no-arbitrage bounds and risk-neutral pricing. Further, the Black–Scholes equation, a partial differential equation that governs the price of the option, enables pricing using numerical methods when an explicit formula is not possible. The Black–Scholes formula has only one parameter that cannot be directly observed in the market: the average future volatility of the underlying asset, but this can be backed out from the price of other options. In this video we learn about the model, the assumptions required for the model and about what goes in to it.We also learn about Implied volatility and the VIX Index. The VIX Index is a calculation designed to produce a measure of constant, 30-day expected volatility of the U.S. stock market, derived from real-time, mid-quote prices of S&P 500® Index (SPXSM) call and put options. On a global basis, it is one of the most recognized measures of volatility -- widely reported by financial media and closely followed by a variety of market participants as a daily market indicator.pricing options using black scholes mertonSubscribe so that you can see future videos on this topic, Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 12 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe Black–Scholes or Black–Scholes–Merton model is a mathematical model for the dynamics of a financial market containing derivative investment instruments. From the partial differential equation in the model, known as the Black–Scholes equation, one can deduce the Black–Scholes formula, which gives a theoretical estimate of the price of European-style options and shows that the option has a unique price regardless of the risk of the security and its expected return. The formula led to a boom in options trading and is widely used, although often with adjustments and corrections, by options market participants.Based on works previously developed by academics and practitioners, such as Louis Bachelier and Ed Thorp among others, Fischer Black and Myron Scholes demonstrated in the late 1960s that a dynamic revision of a portfolio removes the expected return of the security, thus inventing the risk neutral argument. After three years of efforts, the formula was published in 1973 in an article entitled "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities", in the Journal of Political Economy. Robert C. Merton was the first to publish a paper expanding the mathematical understanding of the options pricing model, and coined the term "Black–Scholes options pricing model". Merton and Scholes received the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work, the committee citing their discovery of the risk neutral dynamic revision as a breakthrough that separates the option from the risk of the underlying security. Although ineligible for the prize because of his death in 1995, Black was mentioned as a contributor by the Swedish Academy.The key idea behind the model is to hedge the option by buying and selling the underlying asset in in line with its delta and, as a consequence, to eliminate risk. This type of hedging is called "dynamic delta hedging" and is the basis of more complicated hedging strategies such as those engaged in by investment banks and hedge funds. The model's assumptions have been relaxed and generalized in many directions, leading to a plethora of models that are currently used in derivative pricing and risk management. It is the insights of the model, as exemplified in the Black–Scholes formula, that are frequently used by market participants, as distinguished from the actual prices. These insights include no-arbitrage bounds and risk-neutral pricing. Further, the Black–Scholes equation, a partial differential equation that governs the price of the option, enables pricing using numerical methods when an explicit formula is not possible. The Black–Scholes formula has only one parameter that cannot be directly observed in the market: the average future volatility of the underlying asset, but this can be backed out from the price of other options. In this video we learn about the model, the assumptions required for the model and about what goes in to it.We also learn about Implied volatility and the VIX Index. The VIX Index is a calculation designed to produce a measure of constant, 30-day expected volatility of the U.S. stock market, derived from real-time, mid-quote prices of S&P 500® Index (SPXSM) call and put options. On a global basis, it is one of the most recognized measures of volatility -- widely reported by financial media and closely followed by a variety of market participants as a daily market indicator.pricing options using black scholes mertonSubscribe so that you can see future videos on this topic, Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

The Black–Scholes or Black–Scholes–Merton model is a mathematical model for the dynamics of a financial market containing derivative investment instruments. From the partial differential equation in the model, known as the Black–Scholes equation, one can deduce the Black–Scholes formula, which gives a theoretical estimate of the price of European-style options and shows that the option has a unique price regardless of the risk of the security and its expected return. The formula led to a boom in options trading and is widely used, although often with adjustments and corrections, by options market participants.

Based on works previously developed by academics and practitioners, such as Louis Bachelier and Ed Thorp among others, Fischer Black and Myron Scholes demonstrated in the late 1960s that a dynamic revision of a portfolio removes the expected return of the security, thus inventing the risk neutral argument. After three years of efforts, the formula was published in 1973 in an article entitled "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities", in the Journal of Political Economy. Robert C. Merton was the first to publish a paper expanding the mathematical understanding of the options pricing model, and coined the term "Black–Scholes options pricing model". Merton and Scholes received the 1997 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for their work, the committee citing their discovery of the risk neutral dynamic revision as a breakthrough that separates the option from the risk of the underlying security. Although ineligible for the prize because of his death in 1995, Black was mentioned as a contributor by the Swedish Academy.

The key idea behind the model is to hedge the option by buying and selling the underlying asset in in line with its delta and, as a consequence, to eliminate risk. This type of hedging is called "dynamic delta hedging" and is the basis of more complicated hedging strategies such as those engaged in by investment banks and hedge funds.

The model's assumptions have been relaxed and generalized in many directions, leading to a plethora of models that are currently used in derivative pricing and risk management. It is the insights of the model, as exemplified in the Black–Scholes formula, that are frequently used by market participants, as distinguished from the actual prices. These insights include no-arbitrage bounds and risk-neutral pricing. Further, the Black–Scholes equation, a partial differential equation that governs the price of the option, enables pricing using numerical methods when an explicit formula is not possible.

The Black–Scholes formula has only one parameter that cannot be directly observed in the market: the average future volatility of the underlying asset, but this can be backed out from the price of other options.

In this video we learn about the model, the assumptions required for the model and about what goes in to it.

We also learn about Implied volatility and the VIX Index. The VIX Index is a calculation designed to produce a measure of constant, 30-day expected volatility of the U.S. stock market, derived from real-time, mid-quote prices of S&P 500® Index (SPXSM) call and put options. On a global basis, it is one of the most recognized measures of volatility -- widely reported by financial media and closely followed by a variety of market participants as a daily market indicator.

pricing options using black scholes merton

Subscribe so that you can see future videos on this topic,

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1423 no Why the EV Revolution Just Stalled 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻Three years ago, the global auto industry was gripped by a collective hallucination. CEOs promised us that the internal combustion engine would be dead by 2035 and that legacy automakers were just one battery factory away from a trillion-dollar valuation.That narrative has now collided with economic reality.In this video, we analyze the collapse of the "inevitability" narrative. We look at why Ford has been forced to take a staggering $19.5 billion write-down, why the European Union is quietly dismantling its own petrol ban, and why—despite billions in subsidies—automakers are still losing $6,000 on every electric vehicle they sell.We examine how the industry confused a political project with consumer demand, leading to a market where the cars are too expensive for the middle class and too unprofitable for the manufacturers.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 11 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻Three years ago, the global auto industry was gripped by a collective hallucination. CEOs promised us that the internal combustion engine would be dead by 2035 and that legacy automakers were just one battery factory away from a trillion-dollar valuation.That narrative has now collided with economic reality.In this video, we analyze the collapse of the "inevitability" narrative. We look at why Ford has been forced to take a staggering $19.5 billion write-down, why the European Union is quietly dismantling its own petrol ban, and why—despite billions in subsidies—automakers are still losing $6,000 on every electric vehicle they sell.We examine how the industry confused a political project with consumer demand, leading to a market where the cars are too expensive for the middle class and too unprofitable for the manufacturers.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 🔒 Get 20% off DeleteMe by going to https://joindeleteme.com/BOYLE and use code BOYLE to protect your privacy! 🙌🏻

Three years ago, the global auto industry was gripped by a collective hallucination. CEOs promised us that the internal combustion engine would be dead by 2035 and that legacy automakers were just one battery factory away from a trillion-dollar valuation.

That narrative has now collided with economic reality.

In this video, we analyze the collapse of the "inevitability" narrative. We look at why Ford has been forced to take a staggering $19.5 billion write-down, why the European Union is quietly dismantling its own petrol ban, and why—despite billions in subsidies—automakers are still losing $6,000 on every electric vehicle they sell.

We examine how the industry confused a political project with consumer demand, leading to a market where the cars are too expensive for the middle class and too unprofitable for the manufacturers.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1955 no When Should I Exercise an American Stock Option - Finance Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePeople are often confused as to when it makes sense to exercise an option. Most of the time it does not make sense to early exercise American options. In this video we go through the scenarios where it might make sense.For an American-style call option, early exercise is a possibility whenever the benefits of being long the underlying outweighs the cost of giving up the option early (the benefits of being long the underlying outweigh the foregone time value of the option). For example, on the day before an ex-dividend date, it may make sense to exercise an equity call option early in order to collect the dividend. In general, equity call options should only be exercised early on the day before an ex-dividend date, and then only for deep in-the-money options when the dividend is sufficiently large For an American-style put option, early exercise might make sense if it is deep in-the-money. In this case, it may be wise to exercise the option early in order to obtain the intrinsic value (K – S) earlier so that it can start to earn interest immediately. This is somewhat more likely to be worthwhile if there is no ex-dividend date, which would probably cause the price of the underlying to fall further between now and the expiry date. This would usually require interest rates to be relatively high.When should I exercise an option? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 10 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePeople are often confused as to when it makes sense to exercise an option. Most of the time it does not make sense to early exercise American options. In this video we go through the scenarios where it might make sense.For an American-style call option, early exercise is a possibility whenever the benefits of being long the underlying outweighs the cost of giving up the option early (the benefits of being long the underlying outweigh the foregone time value of the option). For example, on the day before an ex-dividend date, it may make sense to exercise an equity call option early in order to collect the dividend. In general, equity call options should only be exercised early on the day before an ex-dividend date, and then only for deep in-the-money options when the dividend is sufficiently large For an American-style put option, early exercise might make sense if it is deep in-the-money. In this case, it may be wise to exercise the option early in order to obtain the intrinsic value (K – S) earlier so that it can start to earn interest immediately. This is somewhat more likely to be worthwhile if there is no ex-dividend date, which would probably cause the price of the underlying to fall further between now and the expiry date. This would usually require interest rates to be relatively high.When should I exercise an option? Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

People are often confused as to when it makes sense to exercise an option. Most of the time it does not make sense to early exercise American options. In this video we go through the scenarios where it might make sense.

For an American-style call option, early exercise is a possibility whenever the benefits of being long the underlying outweighs the cost of giving up the option early (the benefits of being long the underlying outweigh the foregone time value of the option). For example, on the day before an ex-dividend date, it may make sense to exercise an equity call option early in order to collect the dividend. In general, equity call options should only be exercised early on the day before an ex-dividend date, and then only for deep in-the-money options when the dividend is sufficiently large

For an American-style put option, early exercise might make sense if it is deep in-the-money. In this case, it may be wise to exercise the option early in order to obtain the intrinsic value (K – S) earlier so that it can start to earn interest immediately. This is somewhat more likely to be worthwhile if there is no ex-dividend date, which would probably cause the price of the underlying to fall further between now and the expiry date. This would usually require interest rates to be relatively high.




When should I exercise an option?

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]]> 546 no The Epstein Files are Worse Than You Think! Get a complete picture of the news on your phone or tablet by downloading the Straight Arrow News app.Go to https://www.san.com/pboyle to check it out. When you visit, you not only support me, but you also take advantage of a better way to get the news. Welcome back to trustworthy journalism.The first two batches of the Epstein files have finally been released, and the revelations are explosive. For decades, the media and the justice system ignored the most basic question: Who helped him? Now, thanks to thousands of pages of newly released DOJ documents, we know that there were the co-conspirators. In this video, we look through the latest evidence to expose the network of co-conspirators and high-powered enablers who made Jeffrey Epstein’s crimes possible. We go beyond the headlines to reveal the specific individuals—from Ghislaine Maxwell to banking titans like Jes Staley—who were far closer to Epstein’s operation than they ever admitted.We break down the bombshell New York Times investigation that dismantles the myth of Epstein's "financial genius" and uncover the bipartisan cover-up that kept these files buried for 40 years. From Donald Trump’s newly revealed flight logs to Bill Clinton’s White House connections, we show how a "two-tier" justice system worked to protect the powerful at the expense of the truth.@nytimes article: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/16/magazine/jeffrey-epstein-money-scams-investigation.htmlPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 09 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get a complete picture of the news on your phone or tablet by downloading the Straight Arrow News app.Go to https://www.san.com/pboyle to check it out. When you visit, you not only support me, but you also take advantage of a better way to get the news. Welcome back to trustworthy journalism.The first two batches of the Epstein files have finally been released, and the revelations are explosive. For decades, the media and the justice system ignored the most basic question: Who helped him? Now, thanks to thousands of pages of newly released DOJ documents, we know that there were the co-conspirators. In this video, we look through the latest evidence to expose the network of co-conspirators and high-powered enablers who made Jeffrey Epstein’s crimes possible. We go beyond the headlines to reveal the specific individuals—from Ghislaine Maxwell to banking titans like Jes Staley—who were far closer to Epstein’s operation than they ever admitted.We break down the bombshell New York Times investigation that dismantles the myth of Epstein's "financial genius" and uncover the bipartisan cover-up that kept these files buried for 40 years. From Donald Trump’s newly revealed flight logs to Bill Clinton’s White House connections, we show how a "two-tier" justice system worked to protect the powerful at the expense of the truth.@nytimes article: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/16/magazine/jeffrey-epstein-money-scams-investigation.htmlPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get a complete picture of the news on your phone or tablet by downloading the Straight Arrow News app.
Go to https://www.san.com/pboyle to check it out. When you visit, you not only support me, but you also take advantage of a better way to get the news. Welcome back to trustworthy journalism.

The first two batches of the Epstein files have finally been released, and the revelations are explosive. For decades, the media and the justice system ignored the most basic question: Who helped him? Now, thanks to thousands of pages of newly released DOJ documents, we know that there were the co-conspirators.

In this video, we look through the latest evidence to expose the network of co-conspirators and high-powered enablers who made Jeffrey Epstein’s crimes possible. We go beyond the headlines to reveal the specific individuals—from Ghislaine Maxwell to banking titans like Jes Staley—who were far closer to Epstein’s operation than they ever admitted.

We break down the bombshell New York Times investigation that dismantles the myth of Epstein's "financial genius" and uncover the bipartisan cover-up that kept these files buried for 40 years. From Donald Trump’s newly revealed flight logs to Bill Clinton’s White House connections, we show how a "two-tier" justice system worked to protect the powerful at the expense of the truth.

@nytimes article: https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/16/magazine/jeffrey-epstein-money-scams-investigation.html

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2399 no Pricing An Option on a Dividend Paying Stock Using The Binomial Tree Method - Trading Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThis is the sixth video in our series on pricing options, to watch the whole series as a playlist, click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHaftRA2N8A&list=PLHC72UlhAthDq-s_jRepKDrsaeGDU3PaJOptions on Dividend Paying UnderlyingsFor an American-style call option, early exercise can make sense whenever the benefits of being long the underlying outweighs the cost of giving up the option early (the benefits of being long the underlying outweigh the foregone time value of the option). For example, on the day before an ex-dividend date, it may make sense to exercise an equity call option early in order to collect the dividend. In general, equity call options should only be exercised early on the day before an ex-dividend date, and then only for deep in-the-money options when the dividend is sufficiently large. Todays video illustrates a scenario where a dividend of $2.50 per share is expected to be paid immediately prior to expiration of an option. Call option holders, though holding "bullish" or "long" positions with respect to the underlying asset, are not eligible to collect dividends paid on the underlyings. Therefore, if a long American call option holder expects at T0 and at T1 that a dividend will be paid on the underlying stock just prior to the option's maturity at T2, they can evaluate whether or not it is optimal to early-exercise. Analyzing potential early exercise at T0 shows there is no benefit to early exercising since the option is not in-the-money. At T1, the up node is in-the-money, the American call holder evaluates if holding or early-exercising is optimal. Early-exercising has a value at T1 in the up node of $3.00 ($30 share price less $30 strike). Using the European options binomial tree pricing formula fu in the up node, the call option is valued at only $2.73. This valuation difference came about because the expected value of the spot at T2 is reduced by $2.50 just prior to expiration. This dividend payment is of sufficient size, in this case (it is not always optimal to early-exercise on dividend-paying stocks, prior to expiration, it depends on the relative size of the dividend), that the underlying asset's price drop due to the dividend payment makes early-exercise the optimal strategy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 09 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThis is the sixth video in our series on pricing options, to watch the whole series as a playlist, click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHaftRA2N8A&list=PLHC72UlhAthDq-s_jRepKDrsaeGDU3PaJOptions on Dividend Paying UnderlyingsFor an American-style call option, early exercise can make sense whenever the benefits of being long the underlying outweighs the cost of giving up the option early (the benefits of being long the underlying outweigh the foregone time value of the option). For example, on the day before an ex-dividend date, it may make sense to exercise an equity call option early in order to collect the dividend. In general, equity call options should only be exercised early on the day before an ex-dividend date, and then only for deep in-the-money options when the dividend is sufficiently large. Todays video illustrates a scenario where a dividend of $2.50 per share is expected to be paid immediately prior to expiration of an option. Call option holders, though holding "bullish" or "long" positions with respect to the underlying asset, are not eligible to collect dividends paid on the underlyings. Therefore, if a long American call option holder expects at T0 and at T1 that a dividend will be paid on the underlying stock just prior to the option's maturity at T2, they can evaluate whether or not it is optimal to early-exercise. Analyzing potential early exercise at T0 shows there is no benefit to early exercising since the option is not in-the-money. At T1, the up node is in-the-money, the American call holder evaluates if holding or early-exercising is optimal. Early-exercising has a value at T1 in the up node of $3.00 ($30 share price less $30 strike). Using the European options binomial tree pricing formula fu in the up node, the call option is valued at only $2.73. This valuation difference came about because the expected value of the spot at T2 is reduced by $2.50 just prior to expiration. This dividend payment is of sufficient size, in this case (it is not always optimal to early-exercise on dividend-paying stocks, prior to expiration, it depends on the relative size of the dividend), that the underlying asset's price drop due to the dividend payment makes early-exercise the optimal strategy. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle


This is the sixth video in our series on pricing options, to watch the whole series as a playlist, click here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHaftRA2N8A&list=PLHC72UlhAthDq-s_jRepKDrsaeGDU3PaJ

Options on Dividend Paying Underlyings

For an American-style call option, early exercise can make sense whenever the benefits of being long the underlying outweighs the cost of giving up the option early (the benefits of being long the underlying outweigh the foregone time value of the option). For example, on the day before an ex-dividend date, it may make sense to exercise an equity call option early in order to collect the dividend. In general, equity call options should only be exercised early on the day before an ex-dividend date, and then only for deep in-the-money options when the dividend is sufficiently large.

Todays video illustrates a scenario where a dividend of $2.50 per share is expected to be paid immediately prior to expiration of an option. Call option holders, though holding "bullish" or "long" positions with respect to the underlying asset, are not eligible to collect dividends paid on the underlyings. Therefore, if a long American call option holder expects at T0 and at T1 that a dividend will be paid on the underlying stock just prior to the option's maturity at T2, they can evaluate whether or not it is optimal to early-exercise. Analyzing potential early exercise at T0 shows there is no benefit to early exercising since the option is not in-the-money. At T1, the up node is in-the-money, the American call holder evaluates if holding or early-exercising is optimal. Early-exercising has a value at T1 in the up node of $3.00 ($30 share price less $30 strike). Using the European options binomial tree pricing formula fu in the up node, the call option is valued at only $2.73. This valuation difference came about because the expected value of the spot at T2 is reduced by $2.50 just prior to expiration. This dividend payment is of sufficient size, in this case (it is not always optimal to early-exercise on dividend-paying stocks, prior to expiration, it depends on the relative size of the dividend), that the underlying asset's price drop due to the dividend payment makes early-exercise the optimal strategy.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 672 no YouTube Censorship: The Video They Didn't Want You to See! Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleTwo days after its release, my analysis of the Epstein files was on track to break every record on this channel. Then the yellow dollar sign appeared, and the video flatlined.In this video, we explore how algorithmic demonetization has evolved into a form of "soft censorship." It isn't a conspiracy, but a broken business model that taxes serious journalism in favor of "brand safe" entertainment. We look back at the Logan Paul "Adpocalypse," examine the structural bias against independent creators, and analyze the alarming decline of U.S. Press Freedom (now ranked #57 globally).From the missing footage in Epstein's cell to the 2020 spike in journalist arrests, we ask the hard question: If the algorithm filters out the "boring" work of holding power to account, does YouTube cease to be a digital public square?Link to the Demonetized videos:https://youtu.be/GAJf2F1BbRA?si=pocxFNV33xXlANqohttps://youtu.be/MG95B0fyuWI?si=ULY-lTHAzqqkAYq2 @VloggingThroughHistory video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnPrVn24dTEPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 08 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleTwo days after its release, my analysis of the Epstein files was on track to break every record on this channel. Then the yellow dollar sign appeared, and the video flatlined.In this video, we explore how algorithmic demonetization has evolved into a form of "soft censorship." It isn't a conspiracy, but a broken business model that taxes serious journalism in favor of "brand safe" entertainment. We look back at the Logan Paul "Adpocalypse," examine the structural bias against independent creators, and analyze the alarming decline of U.S. Press Freedom (now ranked #57 globally).From the missing footage in Epstein's cell to the 2020 spike in journalist arrests, we ask the hard question: If the algorithm filters out the "boring" work of holding power to account, does YouTube cease to be a digital public square?Link to the Demonetized videos:https://youtu.be/GAJf2F1BbRA?si=pocxFNV33xXlANqohttps://youtu.be/MG95B0fyuWI?si=ULY-lTHAzqqkAYq2 @VloggingThroughHistory video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnPrVn24dTEPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

Two days after its release, my analysis of the Epstein files was on track to break every record on this channel. Then the yellow dollar sign appeared, and the video flatlined.

In this video, we explore how algorithmic demonetization has evolved into a form of "soft censorship." It isn't a conspiracy, but a broken business model that taxes serious journalism in favor of "brand safe" entertainment. We look back at the Logan Paul "Adpocalypse," examine the structural bias against independent creators, and analyze the alarming decline of U.S. Press Freedom (now ranked #57 globally).

From the missing footage in Epstein's cell to the 2020 spike in journalist arrests, we ask the hard question: If the algorithm filters out the "boring" work of holding power to account, does YouTube cease to be a digital public square?

Link to the Demonetized videos:
https://youtu.be/GAJf2F1BbRA?si=pocxFNV33xXlANqo
https://youtu.be/MG95B0fyuWI?si=ULY-lTHAzqqkAYq2

@VloggingThroughHistory video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnPrVn24dTE

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1410 no Pricing American Options using the Binomial Tree Method. - Options Trading Classes These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThis is the fifth video in our series on pricing options. The whole series is collected as a playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHaftRA2N8A&list=PLHC72UlhAthDq-s_jRepKDrsaeGDU3PaJIf you are new to options pricing and binomial trees it might make sense to watch some of the other videos first.Binomial Trees and American OptionsAmerican options can be exercised anytime up to maturity, as opposed to European options which can only be exercised at maturity. Binomial trees can be used to price American options with the only modification needed is to evaluate at each node as to whether there is more value associated with exercising or holding the option to expiration. The highest of these two values is used in calculating the option value. In the two-step American binomial tree valuation shown in this video, we are using the same example as in our last video but with the option now American. In this case, at T1 it would be optimal to early-exercise. Thus the valuation at the first down node is in fact the early-exercise valuation, which is the intrinsic value at that node, as opposed to the valuation achieved from the risk-neutral valuation for fd. At time zero, the valuation of the derivative is based on fu as usual, but the fd value input into the formula for f is the early exercise cash flow.To watch the video where we priced the same put option, but as a European option, click here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN4tOYVqf9oPricing American Options using the Binomial Tree Methodmulti step binomial trees Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 07 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThis is the fifth video in our series on pricing options. The whole series is collected as a playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHaftRA2N8A&list=PLHC72UlhAthDq-s_jRepKDrsaeGDU3PaJIf you are new to options pricing and binomial trees it might make sense to watch some of the other videos first.Binomial Trees and American OptionsAmerican options can be exercised anytime up to maturity, as opposed to European options which can only be exercised at maturity. Binomial trees can be used to price American options with the only modification needed is to evaluate at each node as to whether there is more value associated with exercising or holding the option to expiration. The highest of these two values is used in calculating the option value. In the two-step American binomial tree valuation shown in this video, we are using the same example as in our last video but with the option now American. In this case, at T1 it would be optimal to early-exercise. Thus the valuation at the first down node is in fact the early-exercise valuation, which is the intrinsic value at that node, as opposed to the valuation achieved from the risk-neutral valuation for fd. At time zero, the valuation of the derivative is based on fu as usual, but the fd value input into the formula for f is the early exercise cash flow.To watch the video where we priced the same put option, but as a European option, click here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN4tOYVqf9oPricing American Options using the Binomial Tree Methodmulti step binomial trees Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

This is the fifth video in our series on pricing options. The whole series is collected as a playlist here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHaftRA2N8A&list=PLHC72UlhAthDq-s_jRepKDrsaeGDU3PaJ

If you are new to options pricing and binomial trees it might make sense to watch some of the other videos first.

Binomial Trees and American Options
American options can be exercised anytime up to maturity, as opposed to European options which can only be exercised at maturity. Binomial trees can be used to price American options with the only modification needed is to evaluate at each node as to whether there is more value associated with exercising or holding the option to expiration. The highest of these two values is used in calculating the option value.

In the two-step American binomial tree valuation shown in this video, we are using the same example as in our last video but with the option now American. In this case, at T1 it would be optimal to early-exercise. Thus the valuation at the first down node is in fact the early-exercise valuation, which is the intrinsic value at that node, as opposed to the valuation achieved from the risk-neutral valuation for fd. At time zero, the valuation of the derivative is based on fu as usual, but the fd value input into the formula for f is the early exercise cash flow.

To watch the video where we priced the same put option, but as a European option, click here. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nN4tOYVqf9o

Pricing American Options using the Binomial Tree Method
multi step binomial trees

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 739 no Trump vs. The World 👉🏻 To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.Last week, the White House decided to pivot from "America First" to "America Everywhere." It began on Saturday morning with a 150-aircraft military strike to serve what Secretary of State Marco Rubio described as a "routine law enforcement warrant"—proving once and for all that if you have a large enough aircraft carrier, every parking ticket is technically a tactical operation.In this video, we look at the internal contradictions of the new "Donroe Doctrine," a policy that treats international borders as suggested boundaries and sovereign nations as distressed assets. We explore why the plan to "take the oil" faces a minor mathematical hurdle: according to Rystad Energy, 60% of Venezuela's production projects require an oil price of $80 per barrel just to break even. This makes the administration's plan to lower gas prices by flooding the market with oil a bit like trying to save money on your commute by buying a fleet of private jets.We also look at the high-profile residents currently moving into the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, why the "ultimate sin" in modern diplomacy is keeping your own Nobel Peace Prize, and why the Danish government is currently checking its lease agreement on Greenland after being told the U.S. is interested in a "hard way" to close the deal.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 06 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 👉🏻 To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.Last week, the White House decided to pivot from "America First" to "America Everywhere." It began on Saturday morning with a 150-aircraft military strike to serve what Secretary of State Marco Rubio described as a "routine law enforcement warrant"—proving once and for all that if you have a large enough aircraft carrier, every parking ticket is technically a tactical operation.In this video, we look at the internal contradictions of the new "Donroe Doctrine," a policy that treats international borders as suggested boundaries and sovereign nations as distressed assets. We explore why the plan to "take the oil" faces a minor mathematical hurdle: according to Rystad Energy, 60% of Venezuela's production projects require an oil price of $80 per barrel just to break even. This makes the administration's plan to lower gas prices by flooding the market with oil a bit like trying to save money on your commute by buying a fleet of private jets.We also look at the high-profile residents currently moving into the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, why the "ultimate sin" in modern diplomacy is keeping your own Nobel Peace Prize, and why the Danish government is currently checking its lease agreement on Greenland after being told the U.S. is interested in a "hard way" to close the deal.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 👉🏻 To try everything Brilliant has to offer for free for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

Last week, the White House decided to pivot from "America First" to "America Everywhere." It began on Saturday morning with a 150-aircraft military strike to serve what Secretary of State Marco Rubio described as a "routine law enforcement warrant"—proving once and for all that if you have a large enough aircraft carrier, every parking ticket is technically a tactical operation.

In this video, we look at the internal contradictions of the new "Donroe Doctrine," a policy that treats international borders as suggested boundaries and sovereign nations as distressed assets. We explore why the plan to "take the oil" faces a minor mathematical hurdle: according to Rystad Energy, 60% of Venezuela's production projects require an oil price of $80 per barrel just to break even. This makes the administration's plan to lower gas prices by flooding the market with oil a bit like trying to save money on your commute by buying a fleet of private jets.

We also look at the high-profile residents currently moving into the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, why the "ultimate sin" in modern diplomacy is keeping your own Nobel Peace Prize, and why the Danish government is currently checking its lease agreement on Greenland after being told the U.S. is interested in a "hard way" to close the deal.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
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]]> 2192 no Pricing Options Using Multi Step Binomial Trees These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe ideas we developed for a single-period binomial model also apply to a multi-period approach. In this video we will look at a two-step, or two time-period binomial tree. In this framework the stock price must follow one of four patterns. For the two periods, the stock can go up-up, up-down, down-up, or down-down. At the moment, we are assuming fixed down and up percentages, the down-up and up-down paths will end with the same final stock price (but you will later see that this restriction is not required, the valuation approach is more flexible than this).Binomial trees can be used for valuing puts or calls. Consider a two step binomial tree, with each step one year long where at each node the stock moves up or down 20% and the risk-free rate is 5%. Suppose the stock price is now $20 and that we will try to value a put with a strike of $20.You work from right to left, backward in time, valuing the option node by node, first calculating fu and fd using the above formulas, then value f using the formula.Now that we have looked at a two-period binomial tree, you can easily see that we can, using the same formulas, produce binomial trees with as many nodes as we want. The more periods that we add, the more realistic our model becomes. A binomial tree with just 20 periods gives more than a million stock price movement patterns.Clearly working out a series of one-second node one-penny price movement binomial trees would take quite a while, but it is easy to code the approach on your computer, and it is virtually unlimited as to how many nodes you can add. The binomial model assumes that movements in the price follow a binomial distribution. If you increase the number of nodes, and are modeling the stock price evolution over a very short period of time, you begin to approach a very realistic share price trajectory. Each node could be one second in duration, and show the stock’s expected price moves of, as an example, up one penny or down one penny. This begins to approximate real-life stock price movements quite accurately.At each second during a trading day, it is fairly realistic to assume that a $20 stock will increase or decrease by as little as $0.01 or $0.02. As you increase the number of nodes, this binomial distribution approaches the lognormal distribution assumed by Black–Scholes (see that video).When analyzed as a numerical procedure, the Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein binomial method can be viewed as a special case of the explicit finite difference method for the Black-Scholes partial differential equation. The binomial tree approach is very flexible, and can take into account dividends, early exercise opportunities, and even different distributions of stock price movements over the time to maturity of the derivative being valued. This means that you could model low volatility periods of stock price movements, and then higher volatility periods for the stock—perhaps around their earnings announcements—over the duration of an option’s life. Although computationally slower than the Black–Scholes formula, it is more accurate, particularly for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. For these reasons, various versions of the binomial model are widely used by practitioners in the options markets. For options with several sources of uncertainty and for options with complicated features, binomial methods can be less practical due to several difficulties, at which point Monte Carlo option models are used instead. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 06 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe ideas we developed for a single-period binomial model also apply to a multi-period approach. In this video we will look at a two-step, or two time-period binomial tree. In this framework the stock price must follow one of four patterns. For the two periods, the stock can go up-up, up-down, down-up, or down-down. At the moment, we are assuming fixed down and up percentages, the down-up and up-down paths will end with the same final stock price (but you will later see that this restriction is not required, the valuation approach is more flexible than this).Binomial trees can be used for valuing puts or calls. Consider a two step binomial tree, with each step one year long where at each node the stock moves up or down 20% and the risk-free rate is 5%. Suppose the stock price is now $20 and that we will try to value a put with a strike of $20.You work from right to left, backward in time, valuing the option node by node, first calculating fu and fd using the above formulas, then value f using the formula.Now that we have looked at a two-period binomial tree, you can easily see that we can, using the same formulas, produce binomial trees with as many nodes as we want. The more periods that we add, the more realistic our model becomes. A binomial tree with just 20 periods gives more than a million stock price movement patterns.Clearly working out a series of one-second node one-penny price movement binomial trees would take quite a while, but it is easy to code the approach on your computer, and it is virtually unlimited as to how many nodes you can add. The binomial model assumes that movements in the price follow a binomial distribution. If you increase the number of nodes, and are modeling the stock price evolution over a very short period of time, you begin to approach a very realistic share price trajectory. Each node could be one second in duration, and show the stock’s expected price moves of, as an example, up one penny or down one penny. This begins to approximate real-life stock price movements quite accurately.At each second during a trading day, it is fairly realistic to assume that a $20 stock will increase or decrease by as little as $0.01 or $0.02. As you increase the number of nodes, this binomial distribution approaches the lognormal distribution assumed by Black–Scholes (see that video).When analyzed as a numerical procedure, the Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein binomial method can be viewed as a special case of the explicit finite difference method for the Black-Scholes partial differential equation. The binomial tree approach is very flexible, and can take into account dividends, early exercise opportunities, and even different distributions of stock price movements over the time to maturity of the derivative being valued. This means that you could model low volatility periods of stock price movements, and then higher volatility periods for the stock—perhaps around their earnings announcements—over the duration of an option’s life. Although computationally slower than the Black–Scholes formula, it is more accurate, particularly for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. For these reasons, various versions of the binomial model are widely used by practitioners in the options markets. For options with several sources of uncertainty and for options with complicated features, binomial methods can be less practical due to several difficulties, at which point Monte Carlo option models are used instead. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

The ideas we developed for a single-period binomial model also apply to a multi-period approach. In this video we will look at a two-step, or two time-period binomial tree. In this framework the stock price must follow one of four patterns. For the two periods, the stock can go up-up, up-down, down-up, or down-down. At the moment, we are assuming fixed down and up percentages, the down-up and up-down paths will end with the same final stock price (but you will later see that this restriction is not required, the valuation approach is more flexible than this).

Binomial trees can be used for valuing puts or calls. Consider a two step binomial tree, with each step one year long where at each node the stock moves up or down 20% and the risk-free rate is 5%. Suppose the stock price is now $20 and that we will try to value a put with a strike of $20.

You work from right to left, backward in time, valuing the option node by node, first calculating fu and fd using the above formulas, then value f using the formula.

Now that we have looked at a two-period binomial tree, you can easily see that we can, using the same formulas, produce binomial trees with as many nodes as we want. The more periods that we add, the more realistic our model becomes. A binomial tree with just 20 periods gives more than a million stock price movement patterns.

Clearly working out a series of one-second node one-penny price movement binomial trees would take quite a while, but it is easy to code the approach on your computer, and it is virtually unlimited as to how many nodes you can add. The binomial model assumes that movements in the price follow a binomial distribution. If you increase the number of nodes, and are modeling the stock price evolution over a very short period of time, you begin to approach a very realistic share price trajectory. Each node could be one second in duration, and show the stock’s expected price moves of, as an example, up one penny or down one penny. This begins to approximate real-life stock price movements quite accurately.

At each second during a trading day, it is fairly realistic to assume that a $20 stock will increase or decrease by as little as $0.01 or $0.02. As you increase the number of nodes, this binomial distribution approaches the lognormal distribution assumed by Black–Scholes (see that video).

When analyzed as a numerical procedure, the Cox, Ross, and Rubinstein binomial method can be viewed as a special case of the explicit finite difference method for the Black-Scholes partial differential equation.
The binomial tree approach is very flexible, and can take into account dividends, early exercise opportunities, and even different distributions of stock price movements over the time to maturity of the derivative being valued. This means that you could model low volatility periods of stock price movements, and then higher volatility periods for the stock—perhaps around their earnings announcements—over the duration of an option’s life.

Although computationally slower than the Black–Scholes formula, it is more accurate, particularly for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. For these reasons, various versions of the binomial model are widely used by practitioners in the options markets. For options with several sources of uncertainty and for options with complicated features, binomial methods can be less practical due to several difficulties, at which point Monte Carlo option models are used instead.

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]]> 1137 no "Will No One Rid Me of This Turbulent Priest?": Trump’s Fed War If you are curious and want to try it yourself, Tailor Store is offering 25% off your order for my viewers. Use my link https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle so you can take a look whenever it suits you.In a highly unusual move - the Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation into Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell. As America faces a high-stakes standoff over the future of the Federal Reserve, the traditional independence of the nation’s central bank is under direct attack. This video explores the intensifying war between the White House and Fed Chair, over a $2.5 billion headquarters renovation. We break down why many experts believe this probe is a mere pretext intended to bully the Fed into slashing interest rates to rock-bottom levels, potentially putting the long-term stability of the U.S. economy at risk for short-term political gains.We also take a closer look at the "agents of chaos" Bill Pulte, Judge Jeanine Pirro and the "shadow" economic strategies currently in play, from the FHFA’s controversial bond-buying programs to the proposed 10% cap on credit card interest rates. From the strategic blockade in the Senate by Senator Thom Tillis to the "Miran Limbo" on the Fed’s Board of Governors, we unpack the technical and political maneuvers being used to bypass Jerome Powell. Is the U.S. headed toward a "banana republic" risk premium, or can its institutional guardrails hold firm? Join us as we examine the true price of a political Fed and what it means for the future of the dollar.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 05 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle If you are curious and want to try it yourself, Tailor Store is offering 25% off your order for my viewers. Use my link https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle so you can take a look whenever it suits you.In a highly unusual move - the Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation into Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell. As America faces a high-stakes standoff over the future of the Federal Reserve, the traditional independence of the nation’s central bank is under direct attack. This video explores the intensifying war between the White House and Fed Chair, over a $2.5 billion headquarters renovation. We break down why many experts believe this probe is a mere pretext intended to bully the Fed into slashing interest rates to rock-bottom levels, potentially putting the long-term stability of the U.S. economy at risk for short-term political gains.We also take a closer look at the "agents of chaos" Bill Pulte, Judge Jeanine Pirro and the "shadow" economic strategies currently in play, from the FHFA’s controversial bond-buying programs to the proposed 10% cap on credit card interest rates. From the strategic blockade in the Senate by Senator Thom Tillis to the "Miran Limbo" on the Fed’s Board of Governors, we unpack the technical and political maneuvers being used to bypass Jerome Powell. Is the U.S. headed toward a "banana republic" risk premium, or can its institutional guardrails hold firm? Join us as we examine the true price of a political Fed and what it means for the future of the dollar.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices If you are curious and want to try it yourself, Tailor Store is offering 25% off your order for my viewers. Use my link https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle so you can take a look whenever it suits you.

In a highly unusual move - the Department of Justice has opened a criminal investigation into Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell. As America faces a high-stakes standoff over the future of the Federal Reserve, the traditional independence of the nation’s central bank is under direct attack. This video explores the intensifying war between the White House and Fed Chair, over a $2.5 billion headquarters renovation. We break down why many experts believe this probe is a mere pretext intended to bully the Fed into slashing interest rates to rock-bottom levels, potentially putting the long-term stability of the U.S. economy at risk for short-term political gains.

We also take a closer look at the "agents of chaos" Bill Pulte, Judge Jeanine Pirro and the "shadow" economic strategies currently in play, from the FHFA’s controversial bond-buying programs to the proposed 10% cap on credit card interest rates. From the strategic blockade in the Senate by Senator Thom Tillis to the "Miran Limbo" on the Fed’s Board of Governors, we unpack the technical and political maneuvers being used to bypass Jerome Powell. Is the U.S. headed toward a "banana republic" risk premium, or can its institutional guardrails hold firm? Join us as we examine the true price of a political Fed and what it means for the future of the dollar.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
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]]> 1839 no Pricing Options Using the Binomial Tree (Risk Neutral Valuation Approach) These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIn finance, the binomial options pricing model provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options. The binomial model was first proposed by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein in 1979, six years after the Black Scholes model. Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument.The Binomial options pricing model approach has been widely used since it is able to handle a variety of conditions for which other models cannot easily be applied. This is largely because the model is based on a description of an underlying instrument over a period of time rather than a single point in time. As a consequence, it is used to value American options that are exercisable at any time in a given interval as well as Bermudan options that are exercisable at specific instances of time. Being relatively simple, the model is readily implementable in computer software or even in spreadsheets like Excel. Although computationally slower than the Black–Scholes formula, it is more accurate, particularly for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. For these reasons, various versions of the binomial model are widely used by practitioners in the options markets.The Risk-Neutral Binomial Tree ApproachThe concept of a portfolio made up of some portion of stock and some portion of a derivative on that stock gives rise to the ability to generate equivalent cash flows at end nodes of binomial trees, and this certainty of cash flows allows us to discount the cash flows at the risk-free rate. The ability to discount cash flows in the future at a known risk-free rate gives us the concept of risk-neutral valuation. Risk neutral valuation is a powerful concept in derivatives pricing which enables valuation of assets based on their expected payoffs at different points in time and with different scenarios of underlying asset price movements. Risk-neutral valuation is applicable whenever you can create a portfolio including the underlying plus a derivative on the same underlying. It cannot be extrapolated to find the value of derivatives on other underlyings. It relies on the portfolio instruments having a level of dependency on one another.This model is very flexible and powerful because we don’t need to know the real probability of the upside scenario, or the real likelihood of the downside economic scenario—it is not required to maintain our certainty of cash flows at the end point. An easy mistake to make is to confuse this constructed probability distribution with real-world probability. They will be different, but the method of risk-neutral pricing is, like many other useful computational tools, convenient and powerful. The approach of risk-neutral valuation makes sense for valuation purposes but only works when all of the instruments included in the valuation model depend on the same underlying and thus are exposed to the same risks, though held in different proportions. We are pricing the option in terms of the underlying stock, thus risk preferences are taken into account in the pricing of the underlying. The risk-neutral binomial tree approach is mathematically equivalent to the portfolio approach previously covered, and gives us the exact same valuation. The risk neutral binomial tree valuation approach to value the derivative, f, is as follows.With some algebra, you can show that the risk-neutral formula is mathematically equivalent to the portfolio approach where  of shares is calculated to generate riskless outcomes at maturity, T.Although we are not making any assumptio Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 04 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIn finance, the binomial options pricing model provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options. The binomial model was first proposed by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein in 1979, six years after the Black Scholes model. Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument.The Binomial options pricing model approach has been widely used since it is able to handle a variety of conditions for which other models cannot easily be applied. This is largely because the model is based on a description of an underlying instrument over a period of time rather than a single point in time. As a consequence, it is used to value American options that are exercisable at any time in a given interval as well as Bermudan options that are exercisable at specific instances of time. Being relatively simple, the model is readily implementable in computer software or even in spreadsheets like Excel. Although computationally slower than the Black–Scholes formula, it is more accurate, particularly for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. For these reasons, various versions of the binomial model are widely used by practitioners in the options markets.The Risk-Neutral Binomial Tree ApproachThe concept of a portfolio made up of some portion of stock and some portion of a derivative on that stock gives rise to the ability to generate equivalent cash flows at end nodes of binomial trees, and this certainty of cash flows allows us to discount the cash flows at the risk-free rate. The ability to discount cash flows in the future at a known risk-free rate gives us the concept of risk-neutral valuation. Risk neutral valuation is a powerful concept in derivatives pricing which enables valuation of assets based on their expected payoffs at different points in time and with different scenarios of underlying asset price movements. Risk-neutral valuation is applicable whenever you can create a portfolio including the underlying plus a derivative on the same underlying. It cannot be extrapolated to find the value of derivatives on other underlyings. It relies on the portfolio instruments having a level of dependency on one another.This model is very flexible and powerful because we don’t need to know the real probability of the upside scenario, or the real likelihood of the downside economic scenario—it is not required to maintain our certainty of cash flows at the end point. An easy mistake to make is to confuse this constructed probability distribution with real-world probability. They will be different, but the method of risk-neutral pricing is, like many other useful computational tools, convenient and powerful. The approach of risk-neutral valuation makes sense for valuation purposes but only works when all of the instruments included in the valuation model depend on the same underlying and thus are exposed to the same risks, though held in different proportions. We are pricing the option in terms of the underlying stock, thus risk preferences are taken into account in the pricing of the underlying. The risk-neutral binomial tree approach is mathematically equivalent to the portfolio approach previously covered, and gives us the exact same valuation. The risk neutral binomial tree valuation approach to value the derivative, f, is as follows.With some algebra, you can show that the risk-neutral formula is mathematically equivalent to the portfolio approach where  of shares is calculated to generate riskless outcomes at maturity, T.Although we are not making any assumptio Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

In finance, the binomial options pricing model provides a generalizable numerical method for the valuation of options. The binomial model was first proposed by Cox, Ross and Rubinstein in 1979, six years after the Black Scholes model. Essentially, the model uses a "discrete-time" (lattice based) model of the varying price over time of the underlying financial instrument.

The Binomial options pricing model approach has been widely used since it is able to handle a variety of conditions for which other models cannot easily be applied. This is largely because the model is based on a description of an underlying instrument over a period of time rather than a single point in time. As a consequence, it is used to value American options that are exercisable at any time in a given interval as well as Bermudan options that are exercisable at specific instances of time. Being relatively simple, the model is readily implementable in computer software or even in spreadsheets like Excel.

Although computationally slower than the Black–Scholes formula, it is more accurate, particularly for longer-dated options on securities with dividend payments. For these reasons, various versions of the binomial model are widely used by practitioners in the options markets.

The Risk-Neutral Binomial Tree Approach
The concept of a portfolio made up of some portion of stock and some portion of a derivative on that stock gives rise to the ability to generate equivalent cash flows at end nodes of binomial trees, and this certainty of cash flows allows us to discount the cash flows at the risk-free rate. The ability to discount cash flows in the future at a known risk-free rate gives us the concept of risk-neutral valuation.

Risk neutral valuation is a powerful concept in derivatives pricing which enables valuation of assets based on their expected payoffs at different points in time and with different scenarios of underlying asset price movements.

Risk-neutral valuation is applicable whenever you can create a portfolio including the underlying plus a derivative on the same underlying. It cannot be extrapolated to find the value of derivatives on other underlyings. It relies on the portfolio instruments having a level of dependency on one another.
This model is very flexible and powerful because we don’t need to know the real probability of the upside scenario, or the real likelihood of the downside economic scenario—it is not required to maintain our certainty of cash flows at the end point.

An easy mistake to make is to confuse this constructed probability distribution with real-world probability. They will be different, but the method of risk-neutral pricing is, like many other useful computational tools, convenient and powerful. The approach of risk-neutral valuation makes sense for valuation purposes but only works when all of the instruments included in the valuation model depend on the same underlying and thus are exposed to the same risks, though held in different proportions. We are pricing the option in terms of the underlying stock, thus risk preferences are taken into account in the pricing of the underlying.

The risk-neutral binomial tree approach is mathematically equivalent to the portfolio approach previously covered, and gives us the exact same valuation. The risk neutral binomial tree valuation approach to value the derivative, f, is as follows.

With some algebra, you can show that the risk-neutral formula is mathematically equivalent to the portfolio approach where  of shares is calculated to generate riskless outcomes at maturity, T.

Although we are not making any assumptio

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]]> 755 no Does Europe Have a Financial Nuclear Option? Click the link below to get started with Genspark and lock in unlimited access for all of 2026.https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyleGenspark includes unlimited usage of AI Chat and AI Image in 2026 — with top models available inside these features, including Nano Banana Pro, GPT Image, Flux, Seedream, Gemini 3 Pro, GPT-5.2, Claude Opus 4.5, and more. @GensparkProduct #Genspark #WorkwithGensparkThe recent Greenland crisis at Davos 2026 has shattered transatlantic trust, forcing Europe to confront a terrifying new reality: the need for strategic autonomy from the United States. Faced with what it views as transactional coercion, Brussels is readying an arsenal of economic countermeasures, ranging from a "trade bazooka" targeting U.S. tech firms to the highly publicized "financial nuclear option"—the threat of dumping trillions in U.S. Treasuries. But before we panic about a bond market collapse, we need to examine the hard financial realities: Is weaponizing sovereign debt a viable strategy, or is it merely a macroeconomic suicide pact? This video dives into the mechanics of this potential economic war and the high cost of moving from an era of global efficiency to one of fearful autarkyMichael Pettis Paper: https://carnegieendowment.org/china-financial-markets/2025/07/foreign-capital-inflows-dont-lower-us-interest-ratesMartin Wolf Article: https://www.ft.com/content/e2c8c6c3-0cdc-4aa8-a47d-399407c75ad9Richard Samans Paper: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/rebalancing-the-world-economy-right-idea-but-wrong-approach/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 03 Aug 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Click the link below to get started with Genspark and lock in unlimited access for all of 2026.https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyleGenspark includes unlimited usage of AI Chat and AI Image in 2026 — with top models available inside these features, including Nano Banana Pro, GPT Image, Flux, Seedream, Gemini 3 Pro, GPT-5.2, Claude Opus 4.5, and more. @GensparkProduct #Genspark #WorkwithGensparkThe recent Greenland crisis at Davos 2026 has shattered transatlantic trust, forcing Europe to confront a terrifying new reality: the need for strategic autonomy from the United States. Faced with what it views as transactional coercion, Brussels is readying an arsenal of economic countermeasures, ranging from a "trade bazooka" targeting U.S. tech firms to the highly publicized "financial nuclear option"—the threat of dumping trillions in U.S. Treasuries. But before we panic about a bond market collapse, we need to examine the hard financial realities: Is weaponizing sovereign debt a viable strategy, or is it merely a macroeconomic suicide pact? This video dives into the mechanics of this potential economic war and the high cost of moving from an era of global efficiency to one of fearful autarkyMichael Pettis Paper: https://carnegieendowment.org/china-financial-markets/2025/07/foreign-capital-inflows-dont-lower-us-interest-ratesMartin Wolf Article: https://www.ft.com/content/e2c8c6c3-0cdc-4aa8-a47d-399407c75ad9Richard Samans Paper: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/rebalancing-the-world-economy-right-idea-but-wrong-approach/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Click the link below to get started with Genspark and lock in unlimited access for all of 2026.
https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle

Genspark includes unlimited usage of AI Chat and AI Image in 2026 — with top models available inside these features, including Nano Banana Pro, GPT Image, Flux, Seedream, Gemini 3 Pro, GPT-5.2, Claude Opus 4.5, and more. @GensparkProduct #Genspark #WorkwithGenspark

The recent Greenland crisis at Davos 2026 has shattered transatlantic trust, forcing Europe to confront a terrifying new reality: the need for strategic autonomy from the United States. Faced with what it views as transactional coercion, Brussels is readying an arsenal of economic countermeasures, ranging from a "trade bazooka" targeting U.S. tech firms to the highly publicized "financial nuclear option"—the threat of dumping trillions in U.S. Treasuries. But before we panic about a bond market collapse, we need to examine the hard financial realities: Is weaponizing sovereign debt a viable strategy, or is it merely a macroeconomic suicide pact? This video dives into the mechanics of this potential economic war and the high cost of moving from an era of global efficiency to one of fearful autarky

Michael Pettis Paper: https://carnegieendowment.org/china-financial-markets/2025/07/foreign-capital-inflows-dont-lower-us-interest-rates
Martin Wolf Article: https://www.ft.com/content/e2c8c6c3-0cdc-4aa8-a47d-399407c75ad9
Richard Samans Paper: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/rebalancing-the-world-economy-right-idea-but-wrong-approach/

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
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]]> 1625 no How to Price Options using a Binomial Tree (The Portfolio Approach) How to Price Options using a Binomial Tree. The portfolio approach.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe Binomial Tree approach to options pricing involves constructing a diagram of the possible paths of the stock price over the life of the option and then calculating the present value of the final cash flows to determine the current option price.We will start with a simplified view of the world and explain the approach, then we will slowly adjust the model to make it more and more realistic.The Portfolio ApproachFor our first example we will start with an underlying that has a price of $50, and we know at the end of three months that the underlying will be at one of two prices, either $70 or $30 (this "foreknowledge" is in fact a very big assumption, but stay with us for a while and we will improve this admittedly hugely unrealistic assumption). We will price a European Call with a strike of $50, and one month to expiration. The only additional piece of information that we need in order to solve this problem is the interest rate, which we will set at 5%. The first step is to draw our tree putting in the spot price S0, the two ending prices of the underlying at T ST and the value of the call at expiration given the two ending prices c. If we know with certainty (a big assumption) that there are only two outcomes for the stock price at T and we assume that no arbitrages are freely available in marketplaces (a much better assumption) we can set up a portfolio of S and the derivative c on that same underlying where there is no uncertainty about valuations at T maturity.The portfolio will be some amount (delta) of S and short one call option c. If we set the two portfolios as equal and solve for delta The portfolio is riskless if there is a value for delta where the two portfolios have an identical value at maturity in all possible scenarios. In either case above, the portfolio at expiration is worth $15. Because this portfolio is riskless we can discount it at the risk free rate (5%) for one months (1/12 of a year) to find the present value of the portfolio. So far, we have found the interesting result that if we know the two next possible steps in an underlying assets price and we know the risk free interest rate we can price a derivative. The only problem we have is that our first assumption is quite unrealistic, but as you will see, we can keep working with this approach and make more reasonable assumptions as the chapter progresses.NotationAs we move forward with binomial valuations, we will always be assuming a portfolio at each node knowing that some value for delta makes the portfolios equivalent at time T. It is important to note that we are not valuing the option in absolute terms. We are calculating its value as implied by the price and volatility of the underlying and the risk free rate. The probabilities of up and down movements are already incorporated in these prices and we don’t need to take them into account again when pricing the option which is based on the stock. All of our methods of valuing derivatives share this approach. People's expected returns for underlyings are irrelevant in this calculation, as all we are saying is that assuming the price for the underlying is X, then Y is the only fair price for the option, any other price would allow for arbitrage opportunities between the price of the underlying and the derivative.Watch tomorrows video to learn the risk neutral approach to pricing binomial trees. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 03 Aug 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle How to Price Options using a Binomial Tree. The portfolio approach.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe Binomial Tree approach to options pricing involves constructing a diagram of the possible paths of the stock price over the life of the option and then calculating the present value of the final cash flows to determine the current option price.We will start with a simplified view of the world and explain the approach, then we will slowly adjust the model to make it more and more realistic.The Portfolio ApproachFor our first example we will start with an underlying that has a price of $50, and we know at the end of three months that the underlying will be at one of two prices, either $70 or $30 (this "foreknowledge" is in fact a very big assumption, but stay with us for a while and we will improve this admittedly hugely unrealistic assumption). We will price a European Call with a strike of $50, and one month to expiration. The only additional piece of information that we need in order to solve this problem is the interest rate, which we will set at 5%. The first step is to draw our tree putting in the spot price S0, the two ending prices of the underlying at T ST and the value of the call at expiration given the two ending prices c. If we know with certainty (a big assumption) that there are only two outcomes for the stock price at T and we assume that no arbitrages are freely available in marketplaces (a much better assumption) we can set up a portfolio of S and the derivative c on that same underlying where there is no uncertainty about valuations at T maturity.The portfolio will be some amount (delta) of S and short one call option c. If we set the two portfolios as equal and solve for delta The portfolio is riskless if there is a value for delta where the two portfolios have an identical value at maturity in all possible scenarios. In either case above, the portfolio at expiration is worth $15. Because this portfolio is riskless we can discount it at the risk free rate (5%) for one months (1/12 of a year) to find the present value of the portfolio. So far, we have found the interesting result that if we know the two next possible steps in an underlying assets price and we know the risk free interest rate we can price a derivative. The only problem we have is that our first assumption is quite unrealistic, but as you will see, we can keep working with this approach and make more reasonable assumptions as the chapter progresses.NotationAs we move forward with binomial valuations, we will always be assuming a portfolio at each node knowing that some value for delta makes the portfolios equivalent at time T. It is important to note that we are not valuing the option in absolute terms. We are calculating its value as implied by the price and volatility of the underlying and the risk free rate. The probabilities of up and down movements are already incorporated in these prices and we don’t need to take them into account again when pricing the option which is based on the stock. All of our methods of valuing derivatives share this approach. People's expected returns for underlyings are irrelevant in this calculation, as all we are saying is that assuming the price for the underlying is X, then Y is the only fair price for the option, any other price would allow for arbitrage opportunities between the price of the underlying and the derivative.Watch tomorrows video to learn the risk neutral approach to pricing binomial trees. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices How to Price Options using a Binomial Tree. The portfolio approach.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

The Binomial Tree approach to options pricing involves constructing a diagram of the possible paths of the stock price over the life of the option and then calculating the present value of the final cash flows to determine the current option price.

We will start with a simplified view of the world and explain the approach, then we will slowly adjust the model to make it more and more realistic.

The Portfolio Approach
For our first example we will start with an underlying that has a price of $50, and we know at the end of three months that the underlying will be at one of two prices, either $70 or $30 (this "foreknowledge" is in fact a very big assumption, but stay with us for a while and we will improve this admittedly hugely unrealistic assumption). We will price a European Call with a strike of $50, and one month to expiration. The only additional piece of information that we need in order to solve this problem is the interest rate, which we will set at 5%.

The first step is to draw our tree putting in the spot price S0, the two ending prices of the underlying at T ST and the value of the call at expiration given the two ending prices c.

If we know with certainty (a big assumption) that there are only two outcomes for the stock price at T and we assume that no arbitrages are freely available in marketplaces (a much better assumption) we can set up a portfolio of S and the derivative c on that same underlying where there is no uncertainty about valuations at T maturity.

The portfolio will be some amount (delta) of S and short one call option c.

If we set the two portfolios as equal and solve for delta 
The portfolio is riskless if there is a value for delta where the two portfolios have an identical value at maturity in all possible scenarios. In either case above, the portfolio at expiration is worth $15. Because this portfolio is riskless we can discount it at the risk free rate (5%) for one months (1/12 of a year) to find the present value of the portfolio. 

So far, we have found the interesting result that if we know the two next possible steps in an underlying assets price and we know the risk free interest rate we can price a derivative. The only problem we have is that our first assumption is quite unrealistic, but as you will see, we can keep working with this approach and make more reasonable assumptions as the chapter progresses.
Notation

As we move forward with binomial valuations, we will always be assuming a portfolio at each node knowing that some value for delta makes the portfolios equivalent at time T. It is important to note that we are not valuing the option in absolute terms. We are calculating its value as implied by the price and volatility of the underlying and the risk free rate. The probabilities of up and down movements are already incorporated in these prices and we don’t need to take them into account again when pricing the option which is based on the stock. All of our methods of valuing derivatives share this approach. People's expected returns for underlyings are irrelevant in this calculation, as all we are saying is that assuming the price for the underlying is X, then Y is the only fair price for the option, any other price would allow for arbitrage opportunities between the price of the underlying and the derivative.

Watch tomorrows video to learn the risk neutral approach to pricing binomial trees.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1016 no Don’t Say Epstein! Check out Cape and use code PBOYLE33 to get 33% off your first six months ➡️ https://www.cape.co/?utm_source=creators&utm_platform=youtube&utm_campaign=patrickboyleOn January 22, 2026, TikTok officially became an "American" company. The $14 billion deal, brokered by a consortium of politically connected investors, was supposed to end the years of national security concerns and protect the data of 170 million US users. Instead, the new TikTok USDS Joint Venture has stumbled out of the gate with a series of "technical glitches" that look suspiciously like targeted censorship. From the inexplicable blocking of the word "Epstein" in direct messages to the suppression of protest videos in Minneapolis, the new management’s first week has raised a troubling question: did we actually solve the problem of algorithmic manipulation, or did we just ensure that the people doing the manipulating are the ones who helped broker the deal?This video examines the bizarre political U-turn that turned TikTok from a national emergency into a sweetheart deal for insiders. We look at the new owners, the incredibly invasive "biometric harvesting" hidden in the new Terms of Service, and the "Rational Business Actor" theory that suggests no company would be dumb enough to break its own product on day one. We also explore the "Mecha-Hitler" problem of content moderation, and why the "National Security" label may now be acting as a permanent shield against transparency for a platform that is now 100% domestic, 100% private, and perhaps, 100% MAGA.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 02 Aug 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Check out Cape and use code PBOYLE33 to get 33% off your first six months ➡️ https://www.cape.co/?utm_source=creators&utm_platform=youtube&utm_campaign=patrickboyleOn January 22, 2026, TikTok officially became an "American" company. The $14 billion deal, brokered by a consortium of politically connected investors, was supposed to end the years of national security concerns and protect the data of 170 million US users. Instead, the new TikTok USDS Joint Venture has stumbled out of the gate with a series of "technical glitches" that look suspiciously like targeted censorship. From the inexplicable blocking of the word "Epstein" in direct messages to the suppression of protest videos in Minneapolis, the new management’s first week has raised a troubling question: did we actually solve the problem of algorithmic manipulation, or did we just ensure that the people doing the manipulating are the ones who helped broker the deal?This video examines the bizarre political U-turn that turned TikTok from a national emergency into a sweetheart deal for insiders. We look at the new owners, the incredibly invasive "biometric harvesting" hidden in the new Terms of Service, and the "Rational Business Actor" theory that suggests no company would be dumb enough to break its own product on day one. We also explore the "Mecha-Hitler" problem of content moderation, and why the "National Security" label may now be acting as a permanent shield against transparency for a platform that is now 100% domestic, 100% private, and perhaps, 100% MAGA.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Check out Cape and use code PBOYLE33 to get 33% off your first six months ➡️ https://www.cape.co/?utm_source=creators&utm_platform=youtube&utm_campaign=patrickboyle

On January 22, 2026, TikTok officially became an "American" company. The $14 billion deal, brokered by a consortium of politically connected investors, was supposed to end the years of national security concerns and protect the data of 170 million US users. Instead, the new TikTok USDS Joint Venture has stumbled out of the gate with a series of "technical glitches" that look suspiciously like targeted censorship. From the inexplicable blocking of the word "Epstein" in direct messages to the suppression of protest videos in Minneapolis, the new management’s first week has raised a troubling question: did we actually solve the problem of algorithmic manipulation, or did we just ensure that the people doing the manipulating are the ones who helped broker the deal?

This video examines the bizarre political U-turn that turned TikTok from a national emergency into a sweetheart deal for insiders. We look at the new owners, the incredibly invasive "biometric harvesting" hidden in the new Terms of Service, and the "Rational Business Actor" theory that suggests no company would be dumb enough to break its own product on day one. We also explore the "Mecha-Hitler" problem of content moderation, and why the "National Security" label may now be acting as a permanent shield against transparency for a platform that is now 100% domestic, 100% private, and perhaps, 100% MAGA.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
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Join this channel to support making this content:
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Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1920 no Financial Options Pricing History. How do Investors Price Options? Financial Options Pricing History. Today we will learn How do Investors Price Options?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleUp to now we have looked at how options work and how they can be combined. We have mentioned options premium and how it is made up of time value and intrinsic value. In this video we will look at a few of the most common methods for pricing options. The value of options depends on a number of different variables in addition to the value of the underlying asset. They are complex to value and there are many pricing models in use. All models essentially incorporate the concepts of rational pricing, intrinsic value, time value, and put-call parity. In this video we will give you some insight as to how different variables affect option prices, and we hope to show you that while these methods are extremely useful, they are quite fallible, and can only give you an indication of fair value that is extremely dependent on the inputs into the formulas. The old “garbage in, garbage out” adage is particularly applicable to derivatives valuation—and most of financial mathematics. The formulas we will look at are only as good as the numbers that are put into them and often rely on a number of assumptions that do not always hold up in live securities market trading. They all rely on an estimate of volatility, and on an assumed distribution, that cannot be known in advance.In general, standard option valuation models depend on the following factors:• The current market price of the underlying security• The strike price of the option• The cost of holding a position in the underlying security, including interest and dividends• The time to expiration together with any restrictions on when exercise may occur• An estimate of the future volatility of the underlying security’s price over the life of the option.Options, or option-like contracts have been around for hundreds of years. Only in the 1970s was a formal pricing model introduced..Options contracts are very similar to insurance contracts, and so most of the ideas used to price them came from the insurance business. As early as 1350 in Palermo, insurance contracts were common for casualty and credit risks relating to shipping. The two kinds of insurance were often being written separately. A popular contract was a conditional sale (similar to a put option) where the insurer agreed to purchase ship or cargo if it failed to arrive.Louis Bachelier (1870–1946) was a French mathematician credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, which was part of his PhD thesis “The Theory of Speculation,” published in 1900. His thesis, which discussed the use of Brownian motion to evaluate stock options, is historically the first paper to use advanced mathematics in the study of finance. Thus, Bachelier is considered a pioneer in the study of financial mathematics and stochastic processes. Bachelier’s thesis was not well received because it attempted to apply mathematics to an unfamiliar area for mathematicians. We know the fair value of an options contract at expiration based upon the payoff diagrams, and we know that options are worth more than their value at expiration before the expiration date due to time value.Option value = Intrinsic value + Time valueBefore mathematical formulas existed for pricing options we knew that the fair value of options was higher than intrinsic value, as there was still time for the underlying to move in your favor, but not how much higher the price should be. Option prices, like all market prices, were just a capital weighted average of every market participant’s best gu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 01 Aug 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Financial Options Pricing History. Today we will learn How do Investors Price Options?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleUp to now we have looked at how options work and how they can be combined. We have mentioned options premium and how it is made up of time value and intrinsic value. In this video we will look at a few of the most common methods for pricing options. The value of options depends on a number of different variables in addition to the value of the underlying asset. They are complex to value and there are many pricing models in use. All models essentially incorporate the concepts of rational pricing, intrinsic value, time value, and put-call parity. In this video we will give you some insight as to how different variables affect option prices, and we hope to show you that while these methods are extremely useful, they are quite fallible, and can only give you an indication of fair value that is extremely dependent on the inputs into the formulas. The old “garbage in, garbage out” adage is particularly applicable to derivatives valuation—and most of financial mathematics. The formulas we will look at are only as good as the numbers that are put into them and often rely on a number of assumptions that do not always hold up in live securities market trading. They all rely on an estimate of volatility, and on an assumed distribution, that cannot be known in advance.In general, standard option valuation models depend on the following factors:• The current market price of the underlying security• The strike price of the option• The cost of holding a position in the underlying security, including interest and dividends• The time to expiration together with any restrictions on when exercise may occur• An estimate of the future volatility of the underlying security’s price over the life of the option.Options, or option-like contracts have been around for hundreds of years. Only in the 1970s was a formal pricing model introduced..Options contracts are very similar to insurance contracts, and so most of the ideas used to price them came from the insurance business. As early as 1350 in Palermo, insurance contracts were common for casualty and credit risks relating to shipping. The two kinds of insurance were often being written separately. A popular contract was a conditional sale (similar to a put option) where the insurer agreed to purchase ship or cargo if it failed to arrive.Louis Bachelier (1870–1946) was a French mathematician credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, which was part of his PhD thesis “The Theory of Speculation,” published in 1900. His thesis, which discussed the use of Brownian motion to evaluate stock options, is historically the first paper to use advanced mathematics in the study of finance. Thus, Bachelier is considered a pioneer in the study of financial mathematics and stochastic processes. Bachelier’s thesis was not well received because it attempted to apply mathematics to an unfamiliar area for mathematicians. We know the fair value of an options contract at expiration based upon the payoff diagrams, and we know that options are worth more than their value at expiration before the expiration date due to time value.Option value = Intrinsic value + Time valueBefore mathematical formulas existed for pricing options we knew that the fair value of options was higher than intrinsic value, as there was still time for the underlying to move in your favor, but not how much higher the price should be. Option prices, like all market prices, were just a capital weighted average of every market participant’s best gu Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Financial Options Pricing History. Today we will learn How do Investors Price Options?
These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Up to now we have looked at how options work and how they can be combined. We have mentioned options premium and how it is made up of time value and intrinsic value. In this video we will look at a few of the most common methods for pricing options. The value of options depends on a number of different variables in addition to the value of the underlying asset. They are complex to value and there are many pricing models in use. All models essentially incorporate the concepts of rational pricing, intrinsic value, time value, and put-call parity.

In this video we will give you some insight as to how different variables affect option prices, and we hope to show you that while these methods are extremely useful, they are quite fallible, and can only give you an indication of fair value that is extremely dependent on the inputs into the formulas. The old “garbage in, garbage out” adage is particularly applicable to derivatives valuation—and most of financial mathematics. The formulas we will look at are only as good as the numbers that are put into them and often rely on a number of assumptions that do not always hold up in live securities market trading. They all rely on an estimate of volatility, and on an assumed distribution, that cannot be known in advance.

In general, standard option valuation models depend on the following factors:
• The current market price of the underlying security
• The strike price of the option
• The cost of holding a position in the underlying security, including interest and dividends
• The time to expiration together with any restrictions on when exercise may occur
• An estimate of the future volatility of the underlying security’s price over the life of the option.

Options, or option-like contracts have been around for hundreds of years. Only in the 1970s was a formal pricing model introduced..
Options contracts are very similar to insurance contracts, and so most of the ideas used to price them came from the insurance business. As early as 1350 in Palermo, insurance contracts were common for casualty and credit risks relating to shipping. The two kinds of insurance were often being written separately. A popular contract was a conditional sale (similar to a put option) where the insurer agreed to purchase ship or cargo if it failed to arrive.

Louis Bachelier (1870–1946) was a French mathematician credited with being the first person to model the stochastic process now called Brownian motion, which was part of his PhD thesis “The Theory of Speculation,” published in 1900. His thesis, which discussed the use of Brownian motion to evaluate stock options, is historically the first paper to use advanced mathematics in the study of finance. Thus, Bachelier is considered a pioneer in the study of financial mathematics and stochastic processes. Bachelier’s thesis was not well received because it attempted to apply mathematics to an unfamiliar area for mathematicians.

We know the fair value of an options contract at expiration based upon the payoff diagrams, and we know that options are worth more than their value at expiration before the expiration date due to time value.
Option value = Intrinsic value + Time value
Before mathematical formulas existed for pricing options we knew that the fair value of options was higher than intrinsic value, as there was still time for the underlying to move in your favor, but not how much higher the price should be. Option prices, like all market prices, were just a capital weighted average of every market participant’s best gu

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 688 no The Devil Himself! - The Worst of The Epstein Files To learn for free on Brilliant for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/ or scan the QR code on screen. Brilliant’s also given our viewers 20% off an annual Premium subscription, which gives you unlimited daily access to everything on Brilliant.In today’s video, we examine the aftermath of the massive January 2026 data dump—three million pages of Jeffrey Epstein’s investigative files that the Department of Justice maintains contain no incriminating “client list”. We dive into the “Social Ponzi Scheme” that enabled decades of abuse, exploring the suspicious real estate transfers, cryptocurrency custodian links, and the international criminal probes that are currently toppling political giants across the globe. From the high-level PR strategies of the “Wall Street Renaissance Man” to the harrowing evidence of a eugenics-obsessed operation, we explore why this long-awaited transparency should not be confused with actual justice. As it turns out, when the powerful retreat into “vast carelessness,” it is often because they have spent years building a system designed to silence the questions they cannot answer.@2lazy2tryYT Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT9td3FJxj8&t=68sPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 31 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle To learn for free on Brilliant for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/ or scan the QR code on screen. Brilliant’s also given our viewers 20% off an annual Premium subscription, which gives you unlimited daily access to everything on Brilliant.In today’s video, we examine the aftermath of the massive January 2026 data dump—three million pages of Jeffrey Epstein’s investigative files that the Department of Justice maintains contain no incriminating “client list”. We dive into the “Social Ponzi Scheme” that enabled decades of abuse, exploring the suspicious real estate transfers, cryptocurrency custodian links, and the international criminal probes that are currently toppling political giants across the globe. From the high-level PR strategies of the “Wall Street Renaissance Man” to the harrowing evidence of a eugenics-obsessed operation, we explore why this long-awaited transparency should not be confused with actual justice. As it turns out, when the powerful retreat into “vast carelessness,” it is often because they have spent years building a system designed to silence the questions they cannot answer.@2lazy2tryYT Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT9td3FJxj8&t=68sPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices To learn for free on Brilliant for a full 30 days, visit https://brilliant.org/patrick/ or scan the QR code on screen. Brilliant’s also given our viewers 20% off an annual Premium subscription, which gives you unlimited daily access to everything on Brilliant.

In today’s video, we examine the aftermath of the massive January 2026 data dump—three million pages of Jeffrey Epstein’s investigative files that the Department of Justice maintains contain no incriminating “client list”. We dive into the “Social Ponzi Scheme” that enabled decades of abuse, exploring the suspicious real estate transfers, cryptocurrency custodian links, and the international criminal probes that are currently toppling political giants across the globe. From the high-level PR strategies of the “Wall Street Renaissance Man” to the harrowing evidence of a eugenics-obsessed operation, we explore why this long-awaited transparency should not be confused with actual justice. As it turns out, when the powerful retreat into “vast carelessness,” it is often because they have spent years building a system designed to silence the questions they cannot answer.

@2lazy2tryYT Video - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KT9td3FJxj8&t=68s

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2956 no What is a Warrant in Finance? Financial Derivatives - Stock Warrants Today we learn about what a warrant is in finance and what a warrant is in debt.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceIn finance, a warrant is a security that gives the owner the right but not the obligation to buy the underlying stock of the issuing company at a fixed price called exercise price until the expiry date. Warrants and options are similar in that the two contractual financial instruments allow the holder special rights to buy securities. Both are discretionary and have expiration dates. The word warrant simply means to "endow with the right", which is only slightly different from the meaning of option. Warrants are sometimes attached to bonds or preferred stock as a sweetener, allowing the issuer to pay lower interest rates or dividends. They can be used to enhance the yield of the bond and make them more attractive to potential buyers. Warrants can also be used in private equity deals. Frequently, these warrants are detachable and can be sold independently of the bond or stock. In the case of warrants issued with preferred stocks, stockholders may need to detach and sell the warrant before they can receive dividend payments. Thus, it is sometimes beneficial to detach and sell a warrant as soon as possible so the investor can earn dividends. Warrants are actively traded in some financial markets such as German Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) and Hong Kong. Warrants are very similar to call options. For instance, many warrants confer the same rights as equity options and warrants often can be traded in secondary markets like options. However, there also are several key differences between warrants and equity options: Warrants are issued by private parties, typically the corporation on which a warrant is based, rather than a public options exchange.Warrants issued by the company itself are dilutive. When the warrant issued by the company is exercised, the company issues new shares of stock, so the number of outstanding shares increases. When a call option is exercised, the owner of the call option receives an existing share from an assigned call writer (except in the case of employee stock options, where new shares are created and issued by the company upon exercise). Unlike common stock shares outstanding, warrants do not have voting rights.Warrants are considered over the counter instruments and thus are usually only traded by financial institutions with the capacity to settle and clear these types of transactions.A warrant's lifetime is measured in years (as long as 15 years), while options are typically measured in months. Even LEAPS (long-term equity anticipation securities), the longest stock options available, tend to expire in two or three years. Upon expiration, the warrants are worthless unless the price of the common stock is greater than the exercise price.Warrants are not standardized like exchange-listed options. While investors can write stock options on the ASX (or CBOE), they are not permitted to do so with ASX-listed warrants, since only companies can issue warrants and, while each option contract is over 1000 underlying ordinary shares (100 on CBOE), the number of warrants that must be exercised by the holder to buy the underlying asset depends on the conversion ratio set out in the offer documentation for the warrant issue. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 31 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Today we learn about what a warrant is in finance and what a warrant is in debt.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePatreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceIn finance, a warrant is a security that gives the owner the right but not the obligation to buy the underlying stock of the issuing company at a fixed price called exercise price until the expiry date. Warrants and options are similar in that the two contractual financial instruments allow the holder special rights to buy securities. Both are discretionary and have expiration dates. The word warrant simply means to "endow with the right", which is only slightly different from the meaning of option. Warrants are sometimes attached to bonds or preferred stock as a sweetener, allowing the issuer to pay lower interest rates or dividends. They can be used to enhance the yield of the bond and make them more attractive to potential buyers. Warrants can also be used in private equity deals. Frequently, these warrants are detachable and can be sold independently of the bond or stock. In the case of warrants issued with preferred stocks, stockholders may need to detach and sell the warrant before they can receive dividend payments. Thus, it is sometimes beneficial to detach and sell a warrant as soon as possible so the investor can earn dividends. Warrants are actively traded in some financial markets such as German Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) and Hong Kong. Warrants are very similar to call options. For instance, many warrants confer the same rights as equity options and warrants often can be traded in secondary markets like options. However, there also are several key differences between warrants and equity options: Warrants are issued by private parties, typically the corporation on which a warrant is based, rather than a public options exchange.Warrants issued by the company itself are dilutive. When the warrant issued by the company is exercised, the company issues new shares of stock, so the number of outstanding shares increases. When a call option is exercised, the owner of the call option receives an existing share from an assigned call writer (except in the case of employee stock options, where new shares are created and issued by the company upon exercise). Unlike common stock shares outstanding, warrants do not have voting rights.Warrants are considered over the counter instruments and thus are usually only traded by financial institutions with the capacity to settle and clear these types of transactions.A warrant's lifetime is measured in years (as long as 15 years), while options are typically measured in months. Even LEAPS (long-term equity anticipation securities), the longest stock options available, tend to expire in two or three years. Upon expiration, the warrants are worthless unless the price of the common stock is greater than the exercise price.Warrants are not standardized like exchange-listed options. While investors can write stock options on the ASX (or CBOE), they are not permitted to do so with ASX-listed warrants, since only companies can issue warrants and, while each option contract is over 1000 underlying ordinary shares (100 on CBOE), the number of warrants that must be exercised by the holder to buy the underlying asset depends on the conversion ratio set out in the offer documentation for the warrant issue. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Today we learn about what a warrant is in finance and what a warrant is in debt.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Patreon Page: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance

In finance, a warrant is a security that gives the owner the right but not the obligation to buy the underlying stock of the issuing company at a fixed price called exercise price until the expiry date.

Warrants and options are similar in that the two contractual financial instruments allow the holder special rights to buy securities. Both are discretionary and have expiration dates. The word warrant simply means to "endow with the right", which is only slightly different from the meaning of option.

Warrants are sometimes attached to bonds or preferred stock as a sweetener, allowing the issuer to pay lower interest rates or dividends. They can be used to enhance the yield of the bond and make them more attractive to potential buyers. Warrants can also be used in private equity deals. Frequently, these warrants are detachable and can be sold independently of the bond or stock.
In the case of warrants issued with preferred stocks, stockholders may need to detach and sell the warrant before they can receive dividend payments. Thus, it is sometimes beneficial to detach and sell a warrant as soon as possible so the investor can earn dividends.

Warrants are actively traded in some financial markets such as German Stock Exchange (Deutsche Börse) and Hong Kong.

Warrants are very similar to call options. For instance, many warrants confer the same rights as equity options and warrants often can be traded in secondary markets like options. However, there also are several key differences between warrants and equity options:

Warrants are issued by private parties, typically the corporation on which a warrant is based, rather than a public options exchange.
Warrants issued by the company itself are dilutive. When the warrant issued by the company is exercised, the company issues new shares of stock, so the number of outstanding shares increases. When a call option is exercised, the owner of the call option receives an existing share from an assigned call writer (except in the case of employee stock options, where new shares are created and issued by the company upon exercise). Unlike common stock shares outstanding, warrants do not have voting rights.

Warrants are considered over the counter instruments and thus are usually only traded by financial institutions with the capacity to settle and clear these types of transactions.
A warrant's lifetime is measured in years (as long as 15 years), while options are typically measured in months. Even LEAPS (long-term equity anticipation securities), the longest stock options available, tend to expire in two or three years. Upon expiration, the warrants are worthless unless the price of the common stock is greater than the exercise price.
Warrants are not standardized like exchange-listed options. While investors can write stock options on the ASX (or CBOE), they are not permitted to do so with ASX-listed warrants, since only companies can issue warrants and, while each option contract is over 1000 underlying ordinary shares (100 on CBOE), the number of warrants that must be exercised by the holder to buy the underlying asset depends on the conversion ratio set out in the offer documentation for the warrant issue.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 382 no Epstein Files: The 6 Names the DOJ Didn't Want You to See Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleThe February 2026 release of unredacted Epstein files is finally revealing a stark reality: while billionaire CEOs are losing their jobs overseas within hours of being unmasked, the U.S. security apparatus is still actively covering up for the "Epstein Class." This video dives de into the congressional revelation of the "protected six," exposing the truth behind Leslie Wexner's secret $100 million settlement and the disturbing "torture video" emails that immediately toppled the CEO of DP World. We analyze why the FBI is still hiding crucial investigation files—like the 302 victim statements—while Ghislaine Maxwell receives a mysterious prison upgrade and offers conditional testimony. The names are finally out, but as this investigation proves, the cover-up is far from over.In this video we ask who are: Les Wexner and Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem. Since the video was released after being questioned by The Guardian - the Department of Justice said that four of the men have no connection to Epstein whatsoever, but rather appeared in a photo lineup assembled by the southern district of New York (SDNY). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/feb/13/four-men-unredacted-epstein-files-no-ties-ro-khannaPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 30 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleThe February 2026 release of unredacted Epstein files is finally revealing a stark reality: while billionaire CEOs are losing their jobs overseas within hours of being unmasked, the U.S. security apparatus is still actively covering up for the "Epstein Class." This video dives de into the congressional revelation of the "protected six," exposing the truth behind Leslie Wexner's secret $100 million settlement and the disturbing "torture video" emails that immediately toppled the CEO of DP World. We analyze why the FBI is still hiding crucial investigation files—like the 302 victim statements—while Ghislaine Maxwell receives a mysterious prison upgrade and offers conditional testimony. The names are finally out, but as this investigation proves, the cover-up is far from over.In this video we ask who are: Les Wexner and Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem. Since the video was released after being questioned by The Guardian - the Department of Justice said that four of the men have no connection to Epstein whatsoever, but rather appeared in a photo lineup assembled by the southern district of New York (SDNY). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/feb/13/four-men-unredacted-epstein-files-no-ties-ro-khannaPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

The February 2026 release of unredacted Epstein files is finally revealing a stark reality: while billionaire CEOs are losing their jobs overseas within hours of being unmasked, the U.S. security apparatus is still actively covering up for the "Epstein Class." This video dives de into the congressional revelation of the "protected six," exposing the truth behind Leslie Wexner's secret $100 million settlement and the disturbing "torture video" emails that immediately toppled the CEO of DP World. We analyze why the FBI is still hiding crucial investigation files—like the 302 victim statements—while Ghislaine Maxwell receives a mysterious prison upgrade and offers conditional testimony. The names are finally out, but as this investigation proves, the cover-up is far from over.

In this video we ask who are: Les Wexner and Sultan Ahmed bin Sulayem. Since the video was released after being questioned by The Guardian - the Department of Justice said that four of the men have no connection to Epstein whatsoever, but rather appeared in a photo lineup assembled by the southern district of New York (SDNY). https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/feb/13/four-men-unredacted-epstein-files-no-ties-ro-khanna

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
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]]> 1934 no What is a Strangle? | Options Trading Strategies | Combining Options What is a Strangle? Options Trading Strategy - Options CombinationsThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Strangle?A strangle is an options strategy where the investor holds a position in both a call and put with different strike prices, but with the same expiration date and underlying asset. This option strategy is profitable only if the underlying asset has a large price move. This is a good strategy if you think there will be a large price movement in the near future but are unsure of which way that price movement will be.What is Long Strangle?A long strangle is simultaneously buying an out of the money call and an out-of-the-money put option. This strategy has a large profit potential, since the call option has theoretically unlimited profit if the underlying asset rises in price, and the put option can profit if the underlying asset falls. The risk on the trade is limited to the premium paid for the two options.What is a Short Strangle?A short strangle is a neutral strategy and has limited profit potential. The maximum profit is equivalent to the net premium received for writing the two options, less any trading costs. A short strangle is selling an out of the money call and an out of the money put option.What is the Difference Between Strangle and Straddle? Long strangles and long straddles are similar options strategies that allow investors to gain from large potential moves to the upside or downside. However, a long straddle involves simultaneously purchasing at the money call and put options.A short straddle is similar to a short strangle and has a limited maximum profit potential that is equivalent to the premium collected from writing the at the money call and put options.Buying a strangle is generally less expensive than a straddle as the contracts are purchased out of the money. The counter-argument to this is that since the options are out of the money, the underlying will need to make a larger price move in order for the strategy to create a profit. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 29 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is a Strangle? Options Trading Strategy - Options CombinationsThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Strangle?A strangle is an options strategy where the investor holds a position in both a call and put with different strike prices, but with the same expiration date and underlying asset. This option strategy is profitable only if the underlying asset has a large price move. This is a good strategy if you think there will be a large price movement in the near future but are unsure of which way that price movement will be.What is Long Strangle?A long strangle is simultaneously buying an out of the money call and an out-of-the-money put option. This strategy has a large profit potential, since the call option has theoretically unlimited profit if the underlying asset rises in price, and the put option can profit if the underlying asset falls. The risk on the trade is limited to the premium paid for the two options.What is a Short Strangle?A short strangle is a neutral strategy and has limited profit potential. The maximum profit is equivalent to the net premium received for writing the two options, less any trading costs. A short strangle is selling an out of the money call and an out of the money put option.What is the Difference Between Strangle and Straddle? Long strangles and long straddles are similar options strategies that allow investors to gain from large potential moves to the upside or downside. However, a long straddle involves simultaneously purchasing at the money call and put options.A short straddle is similar to a short strangle and has a limited maximum profit potential that is equivalent to the premium collected from writing the at the money call and put options.Buying a strangle is generally less expensive than a straddle as the contracts are purchased out of the money. The counter-argument to this is that since the options are out of the money, the underlying will need to make a larger price move in order for the strategy to create a profit. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is a Strangle? Options Trading Strategy - Options Combinations

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is a Strangle?
A strangle is an options strategy where the investor holds a position in both a call and put with different strike prices, but with the same expiration date and underlying asset. This option strategy is profitable only if the underlying asset has a large price move. This is a good strategy if you think there will be a large price movement in the near future but are unsure of which way that price movement will be.

What is Long Strangle?
A long strangle is simultaneously buying an out of the money call and an out-of-the-money put option. This strategy has a large profit potential, since the call option has theoretically unlimited profit if the underlying asset rises in price, and the put option can profit if the underlying asset falls. The risk on the trade is limited to the premium paid for the two options.

What is a Short Strangle?
A short strangle is a neutral strategy and has limited profit potential. The maximum profit is equivalent to the net premium received for writing the two options, less any trading costs. A short strangle is selling an out of the money call and an out of the money put option.

What is the Difference Between Strangle and Straddle?
Long strangles and long straddles are similar options strategies that allow investors to gain from large potential moves to the upside or downside. However, a long straddle involves simultaneously purchasing at the money call and put options.

A short straddle is similar to a short strangle and has a limited maximum profit potential that is equivalent to the premium collected from writing the at the money call and put options.

Buying a strangle is generally less expensive than a straddle as the contracts are purchased out of the money. The counter-argument to this is that since the options are out of the money, the underlying will need to make a larger price move in order for the strategy to create a profit.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 372 no Bitcoin Is Crashing and Exchanges Freezing Up Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleThis video explores the 2026 "Deep Freeze" of the crypto market, analyzing why the "digital gold" thesis has failed to protect investors as Bitcoin lags behind the S&P 500 total returns. We dive into the "Victory Paradox"—the irony that Bitcoin’s institutional acceptance through Wall Street ETFs and a "crypto-friendly" presidency has tethered it to traditional financial risks, destroying its status as an uncorrelated asset. From the $12 billion losses at Michael Saylor’s Strategy Inc. and the liquidity crisis at institutional prime broker BlockFills to the Great AI Pivot in the mining industry, we break down the structural traps currently paralyzing the ecosystem. Featuring insights on "Financial Nihilism" from Demetri Kofinas, the "Juggalo Theory" of crypto subcultures from Zeke Faux, and the massive migration toward prediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket, we ask the ultimate forward-looking question: now that Bitcoin is fully financialized, will it ever be an independent asset again?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 28 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleThis video explores the 2026 "Deep Freeze" of the crypto market, analyzing why the "digital gold" thesis has failed to protect investors as Bitcoin lags behind the S&P 500 total returns. We dive into the "Victory Paradox"—the irony that Bitcoin’s institutional acceptance through Wall Street ETFs and a "crypto-friendly" presidency has tethered it to traditional financial risks, destroying its status as an uncorrelated asset. From the $12 billion losses at Michael Saylor’s Strategy Inc. and the liquidity crisis at institutional prime broker BlockFills to the Great AI Pivot in the mining industry, we break down the structural traps currently paralyzing the ecosystem. Featuring insights on "Financial Nihilism" from Demetri Kofinas, the "Juggalo Theory" of crypto subcultures from Zeke Faux, and the massive migration toward prediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket, we ask the ultimate forward-looking question: now that Bitcoin is fully financialized, will it ever be an independent asset again?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyle

This video explores the 2026 "Deep Freeze" of the crypto market, analyzing why the "digital gold" thesis has failed to protect investors as Bitcoin lags behind the S&P 500 total returns. We dive into the "Victory Paradox"—the irony that Bitcoin’s institutional acceptance through Wall Street ETFs and a "crypto-friendly" presidency has tethered it to traditional financial risks, destroying its status as an uncorrelated asset. From the $12 billion losses at Michael Saylor’s Strategy Inc. and the liquidity crisis at institutional prime broker BlockFills to the Great AI Pivot in the mining industry, we break down the structural traps currently paralyzing the ecosystem. Featuring insights on "Financial Nihilism" from Demetri Kofinas, the "Juggalo Theory" of crypto subcultures from Zeke Faux, and the massive migration toward prediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket, we ask the ultimate forward-looking question: now that Bitcoin is fully financialized, will it ever be an independent asset again?

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

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]]> 2098 no What is an Options Straddle? | Options Combinations | Trading Strategies What is a Straddle? Options Trading Strategy - Options CombinationsThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleAn options straddle involves buying a call and put with same strike price and expiration date. If the stock price is close to the strike price at expiration of the options, the straddle leads to a loss. However, if there is a sufficiently large move in either direction, a significant profit will result. A straddle is appropriate when an investor is expecting a large move in a stock price but does not know in which direction the move will be.The purchase of the two options is known as a long straddle, while the sale of the two options is known as a short straddle. What is a Long Straddle?A long straddle involves "going long," in other words, purchasing both a call option and a put option on some underlying. The two options are bought at the same strike price and expire at the same time. The owner of a long straddle makes a profit if the underlying price moves a long way from the strike price, either above or below. Thus, an investor may take a long straddle position if they think the market is going to be highly volatile, but they do not know in which direction it is going to move. This position is a limited risk, meaning the most a purchaser may lose is the cost of both options. At the same time, there is unlimited profit potential. This is quite an expensive options position as the trader is paying two premiums, so quite a large move is required to be profitable.What is a short straddle?A short straddle is a non-directional options trading strategy that involves simultaneously selling a put and a call of the same underlying security, strike price and expiration date. The profit is limited to the premium received from the sale of put and call. The risk is virtually unlimited as large moves of the underlying security's price either up or down will cause losses proportional to the magnitude of the price move. A maximum profit upon expiration is achieved if the underlying security trades exactly at the strike price of the straddle. In that case both puts and calls comprising the straddle expire worthless allowing straddle owner to keep full credit received as their profit. This strategy is called "nondirectional" because the short straddle profits when the underlying security changes little in price before the expiration of the straddle. The short straddle can also be classified as a credit spread because the sale of the short straddle results in a credit of the premiums of the put and call. A risk for holder of a short straddle position is unlimited due to the sale of the call and the put options which expose the investor to unlimited losses (on the call) or losses limited to the strike price (on the put), whereas maximum profit is limited to the premium gained by the initial sale of the options.To learn more subscribe and watch Patrick's new videos which come out every day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 28 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is a Straddle? Options Trading Strategy - Options CombinationsThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleAn options straddle involves buying a call and put with same strike price and expiration date. If the stock price is close to the strike price at expiration of the options, the straddle leads to a loss. However, if there is a sufficiently large move in either direction, a significant profit will result. A straddle is appropriate when an investor is expecting a large move in a stock price but does not know in which direction the move will be.The purchase of the two options is known as a long straddle, while the sale of the two options is known as a short straddle. What is a Long Straddle?A long straddle involves "going long," in other words, purchasing both a call option and a put option on some underlying. The two options are bought at the same strike price and expire at the same time. The owner of a long straddle makes a profit if the underlying price moves a long way from the strike price, either above or below. Thus, an investor may take a long straddle position if they think the market is going to be highly volatile, but they do not know in which direction it is going to move. This position is a limited risk, meaning the most a purchaser may lose is the cost of both options. At the same time, there is unlimited profit potential. This is quite an expensive options position as the trader is paying two premiums, so quite a large move is required to be profitable.What is a short straddle?A short straddle is a non-directional options trading strategy that involves simultaneously selling a put and a call of the same underlying security, strike price and expiration date. The profit is limited to the premium received from the sale of put and call. The risk is virtually unlimited as large moves of the underlying security's price either up or down will cause losses proportional to the magnitude of the price move. A maximum profit upon expiration is achieved if the underlying security trades exactly at the strike price of the straddle. In that case both puts and calls comprising the straddle expire worthless allowing straddle owner to keep full credit received as their profit. This strategy is called "nondirectional" because the short straddle profits when the underlying security changes little in price before the expiration of the straddle. The short straddle can also be classified as a credit spread because the sale of the short straddle results in a credit of the premiums of the put and call. A risk for holder of a short straddle position is unlimited due to the sale of the call and the put options which expose the investor to unlimited losses (on the call) or losses limited to the strike price (on the put), whereas maximum profit is limited to the premium gained by the initial sale of the options.To learn more subscribe and watch Patrick's new videos which come out every day. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is a Straddle? Options Trading Strategy - Options Combinations

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

An options straddle involves buying a call and put with same strike price and expiration date. If the stock price is close to the strike price at expiration of the options, the straddle leads to a loss. However, if there is a sufficiently large move in either direction, a significant profit will result. A straddle is appropriate when an investor is expecting a large move in a stock price but does not know in which direction the move will be.

The purchase of the two options is known as a long straddle, while the sale of the two options is known as a short straddle.

What is a Long Straddle?
A long straddle involves "going long," in other words, purchasing both a call option and a put option on some underlying. The two options are bought at the same strike price and expire at the same time. The owner of a long straddle makes a profit if the underlying price moves a long way from the strike price, either above or below. Thus, an investor may take a long straddle position if they think the market is going to be highly volatile, but they do not know in which direction it is going to move. This position is a limited risk, meaning the most a purchaser may lose is the cost of both options. At the same time, there is unlimited profit potential. This is quite an expensive options position as the trader is paying two premiums, so quite a large move is required to be profitable.

What is a short straddle?
A short straddle is a non-directional options trading strategy that involves simultaneously selling a put and a call of the same underlying security, strike price and expiration date. The profit is limited to the premium received from the sale of put and call. The risk is virtually unlimited as large moves of the underlying security's price either up or down will cause losses proportional to the magnitude of the price move. A maximum profit upon expiration is achieved if the underlying security trades exactly at the strike price of the straddle. In that case both puts and calls comprising the straddle expire worthless allowing straddle owner to keep full credit received as their profit. This strategy is called "nondirectional" because the short straddle profits when the underlying security changes little in price before the expiration of the straddle. The short straddle can also be classified as a credit spread because the sale of the short straddle results in a credit of the premiums of the put and call.

A risk for holder of a short straddle position is unlimited due to the sale of the call and the put options which expose the investor to unlimited losses (on the call) or losses limited to the strike price (on the put), whereas maximum profit is limited to the premium gained by the initial sale of the options.


To learn more subscribe and watch Patrick's new videos which come out every day.

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]]> 332 no The Winners and Losers from Trumps New Tariffs Check out Even Realities ➡️ https://evenrealities.bio/1998a1#EvenRealities#EvenG2#EvenR1#MyEvenG2#everydaydisplay#smartglasses#aiglasses#displaysmartglassesIn this episode, we explore the legal and economic fallout of the Supreme Court's landmark decision to strike down the "Liberation Day" tariffs, a move that has left the administration scrambling for a "Plan B". We dive into the "David vs. Goliath" story of VOS Selections, the tiny wine importer that successfully challenged the President's use of emergency powers, and examine why the new 10% flat-rate replacement may actually provide a competitive boost to China and Brazil while penalizing America's closest allies. From the bizarre world of "National Security Cabinets" to the $175 billion refund headache currently being exploited by "vulture" investors, we break down how tweeting out tariffs met its match in the U.S. Constitution.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 27 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Check out Even Realities ➡️ https://evenrealities.bio/1998a1#EvenRealities#EvenG2#EvenR1#MyEvenG2#everydaydisplay#smartglasses#aiglasses#displaysmartglassesIn this episode, we explore the legal and economic fallout of the Supreme Court's landmark decision to strike down the "Liberation Day" tariffs, a move that has left the administration scrambling for a "Plan B". We dive into the "David vs. Goliath" story of VOS Selections, the tiny wine importer that successfully challenged the President's use of emergency powers, and examine why the new 10% flat-rate replacement may actually provide a competitive boost to China and Brazil while penalizing America's closest allies. From the bizarre world of "National Security Cabinets" to the $175 billion refund headache currently being exploited by "vulture" investors, we break down how tweeting out tariffs met its match in the U.S. Constitution.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Check out Even Realities ➡️ https://evenrealities.bio/1998a1

#EvenRealities#EvenG2#EvenR1#MyEvenG2#everydaydisplay#smartglasses#aiglasses#displaysmartglasses

In this episode, we explore the legal and economic fallout of the Supreme Court's landmark decision to strike down the "Liberation Day" tariffs, a move that has left the administration scrambling for a "Plan B". We dive into the "David vs. Goliath" story of VOS Selections, the tiny wine importer that successfully challenged the President's use of emergency powers, and examine why the new 10% flat-rate replacement may actually provide a competitive boost to China and Brazil while penalizing America's closest allies. From the bizarre world of "National Security Cabinets" to the $175 billion refund headache currently being exploited by "vulture" investors, we break down how tweeting out tariffs met its match in the U.S. Constitution.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2065 no What is a Butterfly Spread? What is a Butterfly Spread? - Options Trading Strategies ExplainedThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Butterfly Spread? A butterfly spread is an option strategy that combines bull and bear spreads. Butterfly spreads use four option contracts with the same expiration but three different strike prices. The trader sells two option contracts at the middle strike price, buys one option contract at a lower strike price, and buys another option contract at a higher strike price. Puts or calls can be used for a butterfly spread. The strategy is used when the trader believes the price of the underlying asset will not deviate much from the current price. Butterfly spreads have limited risk, and the maximum loss is the net premium paid to take the position. Profit is also capped.Long Call Butterfly Spread The long butterfly call spread is created by buying one in-the-money call option with a low strike price, writing two at-the-money call options, and buying one out-of-the-money call option with a higher strike price. A net debit is created when entering the trade. Short Call Butterfly Spread The short butterfly spread is created by selling one in-the-money call option with a low strike price, buying two at-the-money call options, and selling an out-of-the-money call option at a higher strike price. A net credit is created when entering the position. This position profits if the price of the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike price.Long Put Butterfly Spread The long put butterfly spread is created by buying one put with a lower strike price, selling two at-the-money puts, and buying a put with a higher strike price. A net debit is created when entering the position. Like the long call butterfly, this position has maximum profit when the underlying stays at the strike price of the middle options. Short Put Butterfly Spread The short put butterfly spread is created by writing one out-of-the-money put option with a low strike price, buying two at-the-money puts, and writing an in-the-money put option at a higher strike price. This strategy profits if the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike prices.Iron Butterfly Spread The iron butterfly spread is created by buying an out-of-the-money put option with a lower strike price, writing an at-the-money put option with a middle strike price, writing an at-the-money call option with a middle strike price, and buying an out-of-the-money call option with a higher strike price. The result is a trade with a net credit that's best suited for lower volatility scenarios. The maximum profit occurs if the underlying stays at the middle strike price. Reverse Iron Butterfly Spread The reverse iron butterfly spread is created by writing an out-of-the-money put option at a lower strike price, buying an at-the-money put option at a middle strike price, buying an at-the-money call option at a middle strike price, and writing an out-of-the-money call option at a higher strike price. This creates a net debit trade that's best suited for high-volatility scenarios. Profit occurs when the price of the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike prices.Commissions can add up when trading butterfly spreads because of the multiple options positions involved.Watch Patrick's other videos on Options. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKMIFvgt8wI&list=PLHC72UlhAthA_t0MRcYRxYp2NZRIXSVWA Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 26 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is a Butterfly Spread? - Options Trading Strategies ExplainedThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Butterfly Spread? A butterfly spread is an option strategy that combines bull and bear spreads. Butterfly spreads use four option contracts with the same expiration but three different strike prices. The trader sells two option contracts at the middle strike price, buys one option contract at a lower strike price, and buys another option contract at a higher strike price. Puts or calls can be used for a butterfly spread. The strategy is used when the trader believes the price of the underlying asset will not deviate much from the current price. Butterfly spreads have limited risk, and the maximum loss is the net premium paid to take the position. Profit is also capped.Long Call Butterfly Spread The long butterfly call spread is created by buying one in-the-money call option with a low strike price, writing two at-the-money call options, and buying one out-of-the-money call option with a higher strike price. A net debit is created when entering the trade. Short Call Butterfly Spread The short butterfly spread is created by selling one in-the-money call option with a low strike price, buying two at-the-money call options, and selling an out-of-the-money call option at a higher strike price. A net credit is created when entering the position. This position profits if the price of the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike price.Long Put Butterfly Spread The long put butterfly spread is created by buying one put with a lower strike price, selling two at-the-money puts, and buying a put with a higher strike price. A net debit is created when entering the position. Like the long call butterfly, this position has maximum profit when the underlying stays at the strike price of the middle options. Short Put Butterfly Spread The short put butterfly spread is created by writing one out-of-the-money put option with a low strike price, buying two at-the-money puts, and writing an in-the-money put option at a higher strike price. This strategy profits if the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike prices.Iron Butterfly Spread The iron butterfly spread is created by buying an out-of-the-money put option with a lower strike price, writing an at-the-money put option with a middle strike price, writing an at-the-money call option with a middle strike price, and buying an out-of-the-money call option with a higher strike price. The result is a trade with a net credit that's best suited for lower volatility scenarios. The maximum profit occurs if the underlying stays at the middle strike price. Reverse Iron Butterfly Spread The reverse iron butterfly spread is created by writing an out-of-the-money put option at a lower strike price, buying an at-the-money put option at a middle strike price, buying an at-the-money call option at a middle strike price, and writing an out-of-the-money call option at a higher strike price. This creates a net debit trade that's best suited for high-volatility scenarios. Profit occurs when the price of the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike prices.Commissions can add up when trading butterfly spreads because of the multiple options positions involved.Watch Patrick's other videos on Options. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKMIFvgt8wI&list=PLHC72UlhAthA_t0MRcYRxYp2NZRIXSVWA Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is a Butterfly Spread? - Options Trading Strategies Explained

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is a Butterfly Spread?
A butterfly spread is an option strategy that combines bull and bear spreads. Butterfly spreads use four option contracts with the same expiration but three different strike prices. The trader sells two option contracts at the middle strike price, buys one option contract at a lower strike price, and buys another option contract at a higher strike price. Puts or calls can be used for a butterfly spread. The strategy is used when the trader believes the price of the underlying asset will not deviate much from the current price. Butterfly spreads have limited risk, and the maximum loss is the net premium paid to take the position. Profit is also capped.

Long Call Butterfly Spread
The long butterfly call spread is created by buying one in-the-money call option with a low strike price, writing two at-the-money call options, and buying one out-of-the-money call option with a higher strike price. A net debit is created when entering the trade.

Short Call Butterfly Spread
The short butterfly spread is created by selling one in-the-money call option with a low strike price, buying two at-the-money call options, and selling an out-of-the-money call option at a higher strike price. A net credit is created when entering the position. This position profits if the price of the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike price.

Long Put Butterfly Spread
The long put butterfly spread is created by buying one put with a lower strike price, selling two at-the-money puts, and buying a put with a higher strike price. A net debit is created when entering the position. Like the long call butterfly, this position has maximum profit when the underlying stays at the strike price of the middle options.

Short Put Butterfly Spread
The short put butterfly spread is created by writing one out-of-the-money put option with a low strike price, buying two at-the-money puts, and writing an in-the-money put option at a higher strike price. This strategy profits if the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike prices.

Iron Butterfly Spread
The iron butterfly spread is created by buying an out-of-the-money put option with a lower strike price, writing an at-the-money put option with a middle strike price, writing an at-the-money call option with a middle strike price, and buying an out-of-the-money call option with a higher strike price. The result is a trade with a net credit that's best suited for lower volatility scenarios. The maximum profit occurs if the underlying stays at the middle strike price.

Reverse Iron Butterfly Spread
The reverse iron butterfly spread is created by writing an out-of-the-money put option at a lower strike price, buying an at-the-money put option at a middle strike price, buying an at-the-money call option at a middle strike price, and writing an out-of-the-money call option at a higher strike price. This creates a net debit trade that's best suited for high-volatility scenarios. Profit occurs when the price of the underlying moves toward the upper or lower strike prices.

Commissions can add up when trading butterfly spreads because of the multiple options positions involved.


Watch Patrick's other videos on Options. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKMIFvgt8wI&list=PLHC72UlhAthA_t0MRcYRxYp2NZRIXSVWA

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 368 no The UK is a Warning to the Rest of the World If you are curious and want to try it yourself, Tailor Store is offering 25% off your order for my viewers. Use my link https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle so you can take a look whenever it suits you.In this video, we explore why the United Kingdom has transitioned from a global economic powerhouse to a stark warning for other advanced nations. While the United States has surged ahead since the 2008 financial crisis, Britain has remained trapped in a "productivity puzzle" driven by a series of compounding errors—from a punitive tax code that discourages its most skilled workers to a housing market that functions more like a closed shop than a place to live. We’ll analyze how decades of under-investment, a rigid post-Brexit labor market, and a "Bunker Economy" that prioritizes asset protection over growth have created a zero-sum political landscape. As the "graduate premium" collapses and a "Lost Million" of young people fall through the cracks, we ask the critical question: can the UK finally find the political courage to unpick the structural anchors dragging it down, or is this the new permanent reality for the once-mighty "workshop of the world"?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 25 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle If you are curious and want to try it yourself, Tailor Store is offering 25% off your order for my viewers. Use my link https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle so you can take a look whenever it suits you.In this video, we explore why the United Kingdom has transitioned from a global economic powerhouse to a stark warning for other advanced nations. While the United States has surged ahead since the 2008 financial crisis, Britain has remained trapped in a "productivity puzzle" driven by a series of compounding errors—from a punitive tax code that discourages its most skilled workers to a housing market that functions more like a closed shop than a place to live. We’ll analyze how decades of under-investment, a rigid post-Brexit labor market, and a "Bunker Economy" that prioritizes asset protection over growth have created a zero-sum political landscape. As the "graduate premium" collapses and a "Lost Million" of young people fall through the cracks, we ask the critical question: can the UK finally find the political courage to unpick the structural anchors dragging it down, or is this the new permanent reality for the once-mighty "workshop of the world"?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices If you are curious and want to try it yourself, Tailor Store is offering 25% off your order for my viewers. Use my link https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle so you can take a look whenever it suits you.

In this video, we explore why the United Kingdom has transitioned from a global economic powerhouse to a stark warning for other advanced nations. While the United States has surged ahead since the 2008 financial crisis, Britain has remained trapped in a "productivity puzzle" driven by a series of compounding errors—from a punitive tax code that discourages its most skilled workers to a housing market that functions more like a closed shop than a place to live. We’ll analyze how decades of under-investment, a rigid post-Brexit labor market, and a "Bunker Economy" that prioritizes asset protection over growth have created a zero-sum political landscape. As the "graduate premium" collapses and a "Lost Million" of young people fall through the cracks, we ask the critical question: can the UK finally find the political courage to unpick the structural anchors dragging it down, or is this the new permanent reality for the once-mighty "workshop of the world"?

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1919 no The Minimum Variance Hedge Ratio and Beta Hedging using Futures These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleOne problem with using financial futures contracts to hedge a portfolio of assets, is that a perfect futures contract may not exist. Thus a perfect hedge cannot be achieved.An example would be, if an airline company executive wished to hedge the company's exposure to jet fuel prices, and found that there was no jet fuel futures market or if they found that a futures market exists but it is so illiquid that it is functionally useless.The CFO then needs to find a way to use a different contract that is highly correlated with the underlying asset and has a similar variance. This is done using the minimum variance hedge ratio.The minimum variance hedge ratio (or optimal hedge ratio) is the ratio of futures position relative to the spot position that minimizes the variance of the position. In this video we will learn how to do this calculation.We also learn how to use beta in hedging a portfolio of stocks using S&P500 index futures.minimum variance portfolio.beta hedging equity portfolio Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 25 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleOne problem with using financial futures contracts to hedge a portfolio of assets, is that a perfect futures contract may not exist. Thus a perfect hedge cannot be achieved.An example would be, if an airline company executive wished to hedge the company's exposure to jet fuel prices, and found that there was no jet fuel futures market or if they found that a futures market exists but it is so illiquid that it is functionally useless.The CFO then needs to find a way to use a different contract that is highly correlated with the underlying asset and has a similar variance. This is done using the minimum variance hedge ratio.The minimum variance hedge ratio (or optimal hedge ratio) is the ratio of futures position relative to the spot position that minimizes the variance of the position. In this video we will learn how to do this calculation.We also learn how to use beta in hedging a portfolio of stocks using S&P500 index futures.minimum variance portfolio.beta hedging equity portfolio Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

One problem with using financial futures contracts to hedge a portfolio of assets, is that a perfect futures contract may not exist. Thus a perfect hedge cannot be achieved.

An example would be, if an airline company executive wished to hedge the company's exposure to jet fuel prices, and found that there was no jet fuel futures market or if they found that a futures market exists but it is so illiquid that it is functionally useless.

The CFO then needs to find a way to use a different contract that is highly correlated with the underlying asset and has a similar variance. This is done using the minimum variance hedge ratio.
The minimum variance hedge ratio (or optimal hedge ratio) is the ratio of futures position relative to the spot position that minimizes the variance of the position. In this video we will learn how to do this calculation.

We also learn how to use beta in hedging a portfolio of stocks using S&P500 index futures.

minimum variance portfolio.

beta hedging equity portfolio

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 462 no SpaceX IPO Scandal Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleSpaceX is targeting a $1.75 trillion valuation for what could be the largest IPO in history. In this video, we examine how Elon Musk is folding a money-burning AI startup and a struggling social media platform into a rocket company to justify a price tag that defies financial gravity. From the engineering absurdity of "orbital data centers" and lunar railguns to the structural manipulation of the Nasdaq 100, we explore how low-float strategies and "fast-track" index inclusion rules are being used to turn passive 401(k) investors into exit liquidity for insiders. We look at the gap between EBITDA "vibes" and GAAP reality and the pivot from Mars to the Moon.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 24 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleSpaceX is targeting a $1.75 trillion valuation for what could be the largest IPO in history. In this video, we examine how Elon Musk is folding a money-burning AI startup and a struggling social media platform into a rocket company to justify a price tag that defies financial gravity. From the engineering absurdity of "orbital data centers" and lunar railguns to the structural manipulation of the Nasdaq 100, we explore how low-float strategies and "fast-track" index inclusion rules are being used to turn passive 401(k) investors into exit liquidity for insiders. We look at the gap between EBITDA "vibes" and GAAP reality and the pivot from Mars to the Moon.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

SpaceX is targeting a $1.75 trillion valuation for what could be the largest IPO in history. In this video, we examine how Elon Musk is folding a money-burning AI startup and a struggling social media platform into a rocket company to justify a price tag that defies financial gravity. From the engineering absurdity of "orbital data centers" and lunar railguns to the structural manipulation of the Nasdaq 100, we explore how low-float strategies and "fast-track" index inclusion rules are being used to turn passive 401(k) investors into exit liquidity for insiders. We look at the gap between EBITDA "vibes" and GAAP reality and the pivot from Mars to the Moon.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1978 no What is a Put Spread? | Options Trading Strategies | Option Combinations What is a Put Spread? - Options Trading StrategiesThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is an Options Put Spread?A put spread is an option spread strategy that involves buying and selling an equal number of put options simultaneously. Unlike the put buying strategy in which the profit potential is unlimited, the maximum profit generated by put spreads are limited but this strategy is relatively cheaper to employ. Unlike the outright purchase of put options which might only be employed by bearish investors, put spreads can be constructed to profit from a bull, bear or neutral market.One of the most basic spread strategies to implement in options trading is the vertical spread. A vertical put spread is created when the short puts and the long puts have the same expiration date but different strike prices. Vertical put spreads can be bullish or bearish.The vertical bull put spread, or 'bull put spread', is used when the option trader thinks that the underlying security's price will rise before the put options expire.The vertical bear put spread, or 'bear put spread', is employed by the option trader who believes that the price of the underlying security will fall before the put options expire.What is a Calendar (Horizontal) Put Spread?A calendar put spread is created when long term put options are bought and near term put options with the same strike price are sold. Depending on the near term outlook, either the neutral calendar put spread or the bear calendar put spread can be employed.What Is a Neutral Calendar Put Spread?When the option trader's near term outlook on the underlying is neutral, a neutral calendar put spread can be implemented using at-the-money put options to construct the spread. The main objective of the neutral calendar put spread strategy is to profit from the rapid time decay of the near term options.What is a Bear Calendar Put Spread?Investors employing the bear calendar put spread are bearish on the underlying on the long term and are selling the near term puts with the intention of riding the long term puts for a discount and sometimes even for free. Out-of-the-money put options are used to construct the bear calendar put spread.What is a Diagonal Put Spread?A diagonal put spread is created when long term put options are bought and near term put options with a higher strike price are sold. The diagonal put spread is actually very similar to the bear calendar put spread. The main difference is that the near term outlook of the diagonal bear put spread is slightly more bearish.If you are new to options and derivatives make sure you watch Patricks other videos on this topic. The videos are mostly separated into playlists sorted by topic. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 23 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is a Put Spread? - Options Trading StrategiesThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is an Options Put Spread?A put spread is an option spread strategy that involves buying and selling an equal number of put options simultaneously. Unlike the put buying strategy in which the profit potential is unlimited, the maximum profit generated by put spreads are limited but this strategy is relatively cheaper to employ. Unlike the outright purchase of put options which might only be employed by bearish investors, put spreads can be constructed to profit from a bull, bear or neutral market.One of the most basic spread strategies to implement in options trading is the vertical spread. A vertical put spread is created when the short puts and the long puts have the same expiration date but different strike prices. Vertical put spreads can be bullish or bearish.The vertical bull put spread, or 'bull put spread', is used when the option trader thinks that the underlying security's price will rise before the put options expire.The vertical bear put spread, or 'bear put spread', is employed by the option trader who believes that the price of the underlying security will fall before the put options expire.What is a Calendar (Horizontal) Put Spread?A calendar put spread is created when long term put options are bought and near term put options with the same strike price are sold. Depending on the near term outlook, either the neutral calendar put spread or the bear calendar put spread can be employed.What Is a Neutral Calendar Put Spread?When the option trader's near term outlook on the underlying is neutral, a neutral calendar put spread can be implemented using at-the-money put options to construct the spread. The main objective of the neutral calendar put spread strategy is to profit from the rapid time decay of the near term options.What is a Bear Calendar Put Spread?Investors employing the bear calendar put spread are bearish on the underlying on the long term and are selling the near term puts with the intention of riding the long term puts for a discount and sometimes even for free. Out-of-the-money put options are used to construct the bear calendar put spread.What is a Diagonal Put Spread?A diagonal put spread is created when long term put options are bought and near term put options with a higher strike price are sold. The diagonal put spread is actually very similar to the bear calendar put spread. The main difference is that the near term outlook of the diagonal bear put spread is slightly more bearish.If you are new to options and derivatives make sure you watch Patricks other videos on this topic. The videos are mostly separated into playlists sorted by topic. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is a Put Spread? - Options Trading Strategies

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is an Options Put Spread?
A put spread is an option spread strategy that involves buying and selling an equal number of put options simultaneously. Unlike the put buying strategy in which the profit potential is unlimited, the maximum profit generated by put spreads are limited but this strategy is relatively cheaper to employ. Unlike the outright purchase of put options which might only be employed by bearish investors, put spreads can be constructed to profit from a bull, bear or neutral market.

One of the most basic spread strategies to implement in options trading is the vertical spread. A vertical put spread is created when the short puts and the long puts have the same expiration date but different strike prices. Vertical put spreads can be bullish or bearish.

The vertical bull put spread, or 'bull put spread', is used when the option trader thinks that the underlying security's price will rise before the put options expire.

The vertical bear put spread, or 'bear put spread', is employed by the option trader who believes that the price of the underlying security will fall before the put options expire.

What is a Calendar (Horizontal) Put Spread?
A calendar put spread is created when long term put options are bought and near term put options with the same strike price are sold. Depending on the near term outlook, either the neutral calendar put spread or the bear calendar put spread can be employed.

What Is a Neutral Calendar Put Spread?
When the option trader's near term outlook on the underlying is neutral, a neutral calendar put spread can be implemented using at-the-money put options to construct the spread. The main objective of the neutral calendar put spread strategy is to profit from the rapid time decay of the near term options.

What is a Bear Calendar Put Spread?
Investors employing the bear calendar put spread are bearish on the underlying on the long term and are selling the near term puts with the intention of riding the long term puts for a discount and sometimes even for free. Out-of-the-money put options are used to construct the bear calendar put spread.

What is a Diagonal Put Spread?
A diagonal put spread is created when long term put options are bought and near term put options with a higher strike price are sold. The diagonal put spread is actually very similar to the bear calendar put spread. The main difference is that the near term outlook of the diagonal bear put spread is slightly more bearish.

If you are new to options and derivatives make sure you watch Patricks other videos on this topic. The videos are mostly separated into playlists sorted by topic.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 552 no The $3.5 Trillion Crisis No One Is Talking About If you’re ready to level up your AI leadership skills, head to https://masterclass.yt.link/5o4X21q to get 15% off the Lead with AI Certificate from MasterClass and Microsoft.While the world is distracted by global conflict, a panic is building in the private credit market. In this video, we go inside the opaque world of Private Credit - examine the "Golden Age" of lending that is rapidly turning into a slow-motion crisis. From the "volatility laundering" tricks used by managers to hide billion-dollar losses to the "Exit Trap" currently catching retail investors in BDCs, we explore how the search for yield led Wall Street directly to your 401(k). We look at why insiders like Boaz Weinstein are calling this a scandal, and what happens to the 48 million Americans whose jobs depend on the fragile financial plumbing when the credit finally contracts. Is this a repeat of 2008, or something much quieter but much harder to escape?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 22 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle If you’re ready to level up your AI leadership skills, head to https://masterclass.yt.link/5o4X21q to get 15% off the Lead with AI Certificate from MasterClass and Microsoft.While the world is distracted by global conflict, a panic is building in the private credit market. In this video, we go inside the opaque world of Private Credit - examine the "Golden Age" of lending that is rapidly turning into a slow-motion crisis. From the "volatility laundering" tricks used by managers to hide billion-dollar losses to the "Exit Trap" currently catching retail investors in BDCs, we explore how the search for yield led Wall Street directly to your 401(k). We look at why insiders like Boaz Weinstein are calling this a scandal, and what happens to the 48 million Americans whose jobs depend on the fragile financial plumbing when the credit finally contracts. Is this a repeat of 2008, or something much quieter but much harder to escape?Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices If you’re ready to level up your AI leadership skills, head to https://masterclass.yt.link/5o4X21q to get 15% off the Lead with AI Certificate from MasterClass and Microsoft.

While the world is distracted by global conflict, a panic is building in the private credit market. In this video, we go inside the opaque world of Private Credit - examine the "Golden Age" of lending that is rapidly turning into a slow-motion crisis. From the "volatility laundering" tricks used by managers to hide billion-dollar losses to the "Exit Trap" currently catching retail investors in BDCs, we explore how the search for yield led Wall Street directly to your 401(k). We look at why insiders like Boaz Weinstein are calling this a scandal, and what happens to the 48 million Americans whose jobs depend on the fragile financial plumbing when the credit finally contracts. Is this a repeat of 2008, or something much quieter but much harder to escape?

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1775 no What is a Call Spread? Financial Options - Financial Derivatives What is an options call spread?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Call Spread?What is a Bull Call Spread?A bull call spread is an options strategy used when a trader is betting that a stock will have a limited increase in its price. The spread involves buying call options at a specific strike price and expiration date and selling an equal number of calls at a higher strike price for the same expiration date. A bull call spread is a type of vertical spread. An option position in which a call is purchased while another call on the same security is sold short. The two calls have different strike prices, different expiration dates, or both. Also called option spread.What is a Bull Call Spread? Bull call spreads are an options strategy that involves purchasing call options at a specific strike price ,while also writing the same number of calls on the same asset and expiration date but at a higher strike price. A bull call spread is used when a moderate rise in the price of the underlying asset is expected.How does it work?Since a bull call spread involves writing call options that have a higher strike price than that of the long call options, the trade requires an initial cash outlay, as you spend money on options premium. The maximum profit in this strategy is the difference between the strike prices, less the net cost of options. The maximum loss is limited to the net premium paid for the options.A bull call spread's profit increases as the underlying security's price increases up to the strike price of the written call option. If the underlying stock price increases beyond the strike price of the written option, the profit on the trade does not increase. Conversely, if the price falls below the strike price of the bought call option, losses are limited to the cost of the buying options.Make sure you watch Patrick's other videos on options combinations. Tomorrow we will look at put spreads and the next day at Butterfly Spreads.If you are new to options watch the playlist "An Introduction to Options"Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 22 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is an options call spread?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Call Spread?What is a Bull Call Spread?A bull call spread is an options strategy used when a trader is betting that a stock will have a limited increase in its price. The spread involves buying call options at a specific strike price and expiration date and selling an equal number of calls at a higher strike price for the same expiration date. A bull call spread is a type of vertical spread. An option position in which a call is purchased while another call on the same security is sold short. The two calls have different strike prices, different expiration dates, or both. Also called option spread.What is a Bull Call Spread? Bull call spreads are an options strategy that involves purchasing call options at a specific strike price ,while also writing the same number of calls on the same asset and expiration date but at a higher strike price. A bull call spread is used when a moderate rise in the price of the underlying asset is expected.How does it work?Since a bull call spread involves writing call options that have a higher strike price than that of the long call options, the trade requires an initial cash outlay, as you spend money on options premium. The maximum profit in this strategy is the difference between the strike prices, less the net cost of options. The maximum loss is limited to the net premium paid for the options.A bull call spread's profit increases as the underlying security's price increases up to the strike price of the written call option. If the underlying stock price increases beyond the strike price of the written option, the profit on the trade does not increase. Conversely, if the price falls below the strike price of the bought call option, losses are limited to the cost of the buying options.Make sure you watch Patrick's other videos on options combinations. Tomorrow we will look at put spreads and the next day at Butterfly Spreads.If you are new to options watch the playlist "An Introduction to Options"Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is an options call spread?

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is a Call Spread?

What is a Bull Call Spread?
A bull call spread is an options strategy used when a trader is betting that a stock will have a limited increase in its price. The spread involves buying call options at a specific strike price and expiration date and selling an equal number of calls at a higher strike price for the same expiration date. A bull call spread is a type of vertical spread.

An option position in which a call is purchased while another call on the same security is sold short. The two calls have different strike prices, different expiration dates, or both. Also called option spread.

What is a Bull Call Spread?
Bull call spreads are an options strategy that involves purchasing call options at a specific strike price ,while also writing the same number of calls on the same asset and expiration date but at a higher strike price. A bull call spread is used when a moderate rise in the price of the underlying asset is expected.

How does it work?
Since a bull call spread involves writing call options that have a higher strike price than that of the long call options, the trade requires an initial cash outlay, as you spend money on options premium. The maximum profit in this strategy is the difference between the strike prices, less the net cost of options. The maximum loss is limited to the net premium paid for the options.

A bull call spread's profit increases as the underlying security's price increases up to the strike price of the written call option. If the underlying stock price increases beyond the strike price of the written option, the profit on the trade does not increase. Conversely, if the price falls below the strike price of the bought call option, losses are limited to the cost of the buying options.

Make sure you watch Patrick's other videos on options combinations. Tomorrow we will look at put spreads and the next day at Butterfly Spreads.

If you are new to options watch the playlist "An Introduction to Options"

Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 577 no The Crisis Hidden Inside the Iran War Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleEquity markets have spent the past month treating the war in Iran like a minor inconvenience — a 'buy the dip' opportunity rather than a structural crisis. But while stock traders debate whether the President will 'TACO out' of the conflict, the real story is unfolding in the commodities that never make the headlines: LNG, helium, fertilizer, and aluminium. With the Strait of Hormuz effectively closed, Qatar's liquefaction plants in ruins, and Oxford Economics estimating the waterway will remain largely impassable until May, no Truth Social post is going to fix this. In this video, we look at why the physical damage to the region's infrastructure means the economic fallout will be felt long after the shooting stops — and why the winners and losers of this crisis are not who you'd expect.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 21 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleEquity markets have spent the past month treating the war in Iran like a minor inconvenience — a 'buy the dip' opportunity rather than a structural crisis. But while stock traders debate whether the President will 'TACO out' of the conflict, the real story is unfolding in the commodities that never make the headlines: LNG, helium, fertilizer, and aluminium. With the Strait of Hormuz effectively closed, Qatar's liquefaction plants in ruins, and Oxford Economics estimating the waterway will remain largely impassable until May, no Truth Social post is going to fix this. In this video, we look at why the physical damage to the region's infrastructure means the economic fallout will be felt long after the shooting stops — and why the winners and losers of this crisis are not who you'd expect.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Take your personal data back with Incogni! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyle

Equity markets have spent the past month treating the war in Iran like a minor inconvenience — a 'buy the dip' opportunity rather than a structural crisis. But while stock traders debate whether the President will 'TACO out' of the conflict, the real story is unfolding in the commodities that never make the headlines: LNG, helium, fertilizer, and aluminium. With the Strait of Hormuz effectively closed, Qatar's liquefaction plants in ruins, and Oxford Economics estimating the waterway will remain largely impassable until May, no Truth Social post is going to fix this. In this video, we look at why the physical damage to the region's infrastructure means the economic fallout will be felt long after the shooting stops — and why the winners and losers of this crisis are not who you'd expect.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1951 no Factors That Impact Option Prices Factors That Impact Option Prices - Option TradingThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleFactors Impacting Stock Options PricesThe main factors impacting the premium price of stock options are:• The current stock price S0• Strike price agreed on K• Time to maturity/expiration T• Volatility of the stock price • Risk-free interest rate r• Dividends expected during option lifeThe Impact of Spot Prices on Option PricesThe price of the underlying is the key factor that determines the premium price of an option. The options payoff is the difference between the spot price and the strike price. The price of an option premium for a given strike price will change based on the price of the underlying stock.Long call options are more valuable when the underlying spot price increases.Long put options become more valuable when the underlying spot price decreases.Strike PriceThe strike price is the contracted price that will be exchanged in the event of the exercise of the option by the option buyer. Hence strike price plays a vital role in determining the premium price of an option. The exercise price will remain the same throughout the life of an option contract and will not undergo any change, with the earlier-noted exceptions of relatively rare corporate actions such as special dividend announcements and stock splits. Time to Maturity/ExpirationWith more time, there is more uncertainty. The more time to expiration, the greater the chance that there will be fluctuation in the price of the underlying to the advantage of one of the parties to the contract. Thus, the greater the time, the higher the time value of the option. An option’s premium price is directly related to the time remaining till expiration. The buyer of an option stands to gain if the option contract finishes in the money. If there is more time to expiration, the chance of the option ending in the money is higher. As the time to expiration of an options contract passes, the value of the option erodes.If an investor buys an option that is one year away from expiration, it will obviously be more expensive than a similar option that is only five minutes away from expiration. All options exhibit time decay and are wasting assets.The Volatility of the Stock PriceThe volatility of a stock price is a measure of how uncertain we are about future stock price movements. The standard deviation of the historical price movements of the underlying asset over a defined period of time is typically used to measure the volatility of that asset. The higher the volatility is, the more likely it is that an asset’s price will move up or down a lot. Thus, an option on a volatile asset is worth more than an option on an asset with little volatility. If a market becomes more volatile, the premium for option contracts, both puts and calls, would go up. Someone who bought options earlier would benefit if market volatility increases to the detriment of the person who sold the options to them.Interest RatesThe cost of carry depends on the risk-free rate of interest in the market concerned. The higher the interest rate, the higher the call option price and lower the put option price. The lower the interest rate, the lower the call option price and higher the put option price. Higher interest rates have two impacts on stock options valuations:1. Higher expected return on stock2. The present value of future cash flows of an option decreaseIf all else is kept equal, an increase in interest rates increases call prices and decreases put prices.Expected DividendsStock dividends are paid only to the holder of the underlying security on the rec Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 20 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Factors That Impact Option Prices - Option TradingThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleFactors Impacting Stock Options PricesThe main factors impacting the premium price of stock options are:• The current stock price S0• Strike price agreed on K• Time to maturity/expiration T• Volatility of the stock price • Risk-free interest rate r• Dividends expected during option lifeThe Impact of Spot Prices on Option PricesThe price of the underlying is the key factor that determines the premium price of an option. The options payoff is the difference between the spot price and the strike price. The price of an option premium for a given strike price will change based on the price of the underlying stock.Long call options are more valuable when the underlying spot price increases.Long put options become more valuable when the underlying spot price decreases.Strike PriceThe strike price is the contracted price that will be exchanged in the event of the exercise of the option by the option buyer. Hence strike price plays a vital role in determining the premium price of an option. The exercise price will remain the same throughout the life of an option contract and will not undergo any change, with the earlier-noted exceptions of relatively rare corporate actions such as special dividend announcements and stock splits. Time to Maturity/ExpirationWith more time, there is more uncertainty. The more time to expiration, the greater the chance that there will be fluctuation in the price of the underlying to the advantage of one of the parties to the contract. Thus, the greater the time, the higher the time value of the option. An option’s premium price is directly related to the time remaining till expiration. The buyer of an option stands to gain if the option contract finishes in the money. If there is more time to expiration, the chance of the option ending in the money is higher. As the time to expiration of an options contract passes, the value of the option erodes.If an investor buys an option that is one year away from expiration, it will obviously be more expensive than a similar option that is only five minutes away from expiration. All options exhibit time decay and are wasting assets.The Volatility of the Stock PriceThe volatility of a stock price is a measure of how uncertain we are about future stock price movements. The standard deviation of the historical price movements of the underlying asset over a defined period of time is typically used to measure the volatility of that asset. The higher the volatility is, the more likely it is that an asset’s price will move up or down a lot. Thus, an option on a volatile asset is worth more than an option on an asset with little volatility. If a market becomes more volatile, the premium for option contracts, both puts and calls, would go up. Someone who bought options earlier would benefit if market volatility increases to the detriment of the person who sold the options to them.Interest RatesThe cost of carry depends on the risk-free rate of interest in the market concerned. The higher the interest rate, the higher the call option price and lower the put option price. The lower the interest rate, the lower the call option price and higher the put option price. Higher interest rates have two impacts on stock options valuations:1. Higher expected return on stock2. The present value of future cash flows of an option decreaseIf all else is kept equal, an increase in interest rates increases call prices and decreases put prices.Expected DividendsStock dividends are paid only to the holder of the underlying security on the rec Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Factors That Impact Option Prices - Option Trading

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Factors Impacting Stock Options Prices

The main factors impacting the premium price of stock options are:
• The current stock price S0
• Strike price agreed on K
• Time to maturity/expiration T
• Volatility of the stock price 
• Risk-free interest rate r
• Dividends expected during option life

The Impact of Spot Prices on Option Prices
The price of the underlying is the key factor that determines the premium price of an option. The options payoff is the difference between the spot price and the strike price. The price of an option premium for a given strike price will change based on the price of the underlying stock.

Long call options are more valuable when the underlying spot price increases.

Long put options become more valuable when the underlying spot
price decreases.

Strike Price
The strike price is the contracted price that will be exchanged in the event of the exercise of the option by the option buyer. Hence strike price plays a vital role in determining the premium price of an option. The exercise price will remain the same throughout the life of an option contract and will not undergo any change, with the earlier-noted exceptions of relatively rare corporate actions such as special dividend announcements and stock splits.

Time to Maturity/Expiration
With more time, there is more uncertainty. The more time to expiration, the greater the chance that there will be fluctuation in the price of the underlying to the advantage of one of the parties to the contract. Thus, the greater the time, the higher the time value of the option. An option’s premium price is directly related to the time remaining till expiration. The buyer of an option stands to gain if the option contract finishes in the money. If there is more time to expiration, the chance of the option ending in the money is higher. As the time to expiration of an options contract passes, the value of the option erodes.

If an investor buys an option that is one year away from expiration, it will obviously be more expensive than a similar option that is only five minutes away from expiration. All options exhibit time decay and are wasting assets.

The Volatility of the Stock Price
The volatility of a stock price is a measure of how uncertain we are about future stock price movements. The standard deviation of the historical price movements of the underlying asset over a defined period of time is typically used to measure the volatility of that asset. The higher the volatility is, the more likely it is that an asset’s price will move up or down a lot. Thus, an option on a volatile asset is worth more than an option on an asset with little volatility. If a market becomes more volatile, the premium for option contracts, both puts and calls, would go up. Someone who bought options earlier would benefit if market volatility increases to the detriment of the person who sold the options to them.
Interest Rates

The cost of carry depends on the risk-free rate of interest in the market concerned. The higher the interest rate, the higher the call option price and lower the put option price. The lower the interest rate, the lower the call option price and higher the put option price.
Higher interest rates have two impacts on stock options valuations:

1. Higher expected return on stock
2. The present value of future cash flows of an option decrease

If all else is kept equal, an increase in interest rates increases call prices and decreases put prices.

Expected Dividends
Stock dividends are paid only to the holder of the underlying security on the rec

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]]> 607 no Canada is a Warning to the Rest of the World! Genspark has launched All-in-one AI Workspace 3.0.🔥 Genspark AI Workspace 3.0 is HERE!Powered by Genspark Claw — your smart AI agent that automates any daily task in one chat.Build workflows, run cloud tasks, scrape data, generate reports, and collaborate — all in one place, no code needed.🎁 NEW USER BONUSGet started with @GensparkProduct — free credits when you sign up: https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle02Work smarter, not harder.👉 Start free today!#Genspark #WorkwithGensparkCanada has every advantage a country could ask for — vast natural resources, a stable democracy, world-class universities, and a highly educated population. So why has its GDP per capita fallen from 80% of the American level to around 70% in little more than a decade? In this video, we look at how a protected economy, a housing market that rewarded sitting still over building things, and a productivity gap that has been quietly compounding for thirty years have combined to create what the Bank of Canada called a "productivity emergency" — and what it might mean for the rest of the developed world.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 19 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Genspark has launched All-in-one AI Workspace 3.0.🔥 Genspark AI Workspace 3.0 is HERE!Powered by Genspark Claw — your smart AI agent that automates any daily task in one chat.Build workflows, run cloud tasks, scrape data, generate reports, and collaborate — all in one place, no code needed.🎁 NEW USER BONUSGet started with @GensparkProduct — free credits when you sign up: https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle02Work smarter, not harder.👉 Start free today!#Genspark #WorkwithGensparkCanada has every advantage a country could ask for — vast natural resources, a stable democracy, world-class universities, and a highly educated population. So why has its GDP per capita fallen from 80% of the American level to around 70% in little more than a decade? In this video, we look at how a protected economy, a housing market that rewarded sitting still over building things, and a productivity gap that has been quietly compounding for thirty years have combined to create what the Bank of Canada called a "productivity emergency" — and what it might mean for the rest of the developed world.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Genspark has launched All-in-one AI Workspace 3.0.

🔥 Genspark AI Workspace 3.0 is HERE!
Powered by Genspark Claw — your smart AI agent that automates any daily task in one chat.
Build workflows, run cloud tasks, scrape data, generate reports, and collaborate — all in one place, no code needed.

🎁 NEW USER BONUS
Get started with @GensparkProduct — free credits when you sign up: https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle02

Work smarter, not harder.
👉 Start free today!
#Genspark #WorkwithGenspark

Canada has every advantage a country could ask for — vast natural resources, a stable democracy, world-class universities, and a highly educated population. So why has its GDP per capita fallen from 80% of the American level to around 70% in little more than a decade? In this video, we look at how a protected economy, a housing market that rewarded sitting still over building things, and a productivity gap that has been quietly compounding for thirty years have combined to create what the Bank of Canada called a "productivity emergency" — and what it might mean for the rest of the developed world.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2189 no What is Put Call Parity? How does it work? Today we will learn about put call parity and how it works,These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Put-Call ParityPut-call parity is a no arbitrage principle that specifies the relationship between the price of European put options and European call options, with the same underlying asset, strike price and expiration date. Put-call parity states that simultaneously holding a short European put and long European call of the same class will deliver the same return as holding one forward (or futures) contract on the same underlying asset, with the same expiration, and a forward price equal to the option's strike price. If the prices of the put and call options diverge so that this relationship does not hold, an arbitrage opportunity would exist, meaning that arbitrage traders would be able to earn a risk-free profit. Such opportunities are uncommon and short-lived in liquid markets.The equation expressing put-call parity is:C + PV(x) = P + Swhere:C = price of the European call optionPV(x) = the present value of the strike price (x), discounted from the value on the expiration date at the risk-free rateP = price of the European putS = spot price or the current market value of the underlying assetPut-call parity applies only to European options, which can only be exercised on the expiration date, and not American options, which can be exercised before. Watch Patrick's other videos on covered calls and protective puts to better understand this concept.Covered Call Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC9iM2Wh7IProtective Put Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUs4jga-NAI&t=26sWhat is Put Call Parity? How does it work? put call parity formula Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 19 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Today we will learn about put call parity and how it works,These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is Put-Call ParityPut-call parity is a no arbitrage principle that specifies the relationship between the price of European put options and European call options, with the same underlying asset, strike price and expiration date. Put-call parity states that simultaneously holding a short European put and long European call of the same class will deliver the same return as holding one forward (or futures) contract on the same underlying asset, with the same expiration, and a forward price equal to the option's strike price. If the prices of the put and call options diverge so that this relationship does not hold, an arbitrage opportunity would exist, meaning that arbitrage traders would be able to earn a risk-free profit. Such opportunities are uncommon and short-lived in liquid markets.The equation expressing put-call parity is:C + PV(x) = P + Swhere:C = price of the European call optionPV(x) = the present value of the strike price (x), discounted from the value on the expiration date at the risk-free rateP = price of the European putS = spot price or the current market value of the underlying assetPut-call parity applies only to European options, which can only be exercised on the expiration date, and not American options, which can be exercised before. Watch Patrick's other videos on covered calls and protective puts to better understand this concept.Covered Call Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC9iM2Wh7IProtective Put Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUs4jga-NAI&t=26sWhat is Put Call Parity? How does it work? put call parity formula Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Today we will learn about put call parity and how it works,

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is Put-Call Parity
Put-call parity is a no arbitrage principle that specifies the relationship between the price of European put options and European call options, with the same underlying asset, strike price and expiration date. Put-call parity states that simultaneously holding a short European put and long European call of the same class will deliver the same return as holding one forward (or futures) contract on the same underlying asset, with the same expiration, and a forward price equal to the option's strike price. If the prices of the put and call options diverge so that this relationship does not hold, an arbitrage opportunity would exist, meaning that arbitrage traders would be able to earn a risk-free profit. Such opportunities are uncommon and short-lived in liquid markets.

The equation expressing put-call parity is:

C + PV(x) = P + S

where:

C = price of the European call option

PV(x) = the present value of the strike price (x), discounted from the value on the expiration date at the risk-free rate

P = price of the European put

S = spot price or the current market value of the underlying asset

Put-call parity applies only to European options, which can only be exercised on the expiration date, and not American options, which can be exercised before.

Watch Patrick's other videos on covered calls and protective puts to better understand this concept.

Covered Call Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC9iM2Wh7I
Protective Put Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUs4jga-NAI&t=26s
What is Put Call Parity? How does it work? put call parity formula

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 531 no How Did the Metaverse Fail So Badly? 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo — the all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/t7pIn October 2021, Mark Zuckerberg stood in front of the world and announced that the future of human interaction would be something called the metaverse. He was so confident about this that he renamed his three-billion-user company after it. Over the following four years, Meta spent $88 billion building a virtual world that almost nobody visited, featuring avatars that — for reasons that were never fully explained — did not have legs. Wall Street predicted five billion users. Consultants declared it too big to ignore. A man paid $450,000 to become Snoop Dogg's virtual neighbour. The metaverse peaked at around 900 daily users. This is the story of what went wrong, and what it cost.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 18 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo — the all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/t7pIn October 2021, Mark Zuckerberg stood in front of the world and announced that the future of human interaction would be something called the metaverse. He was so confident about this that he renamed his three-billion-user company after it. Over the following four years, Meta spent $88 billion building a virtual world that almost nobody visited, featuring avatars that — for reasons that were never fully explained — did not have legs. Wall Street predicted five billion users. Consultants declared it too big to ignore. A man paid $450,000 to become Snoop Dogg's virtual neighbour. The metaverse peaked at around 900 daily users. This is the story of what went wrong, and what it cost.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo — the all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/t7p

In October 2021, Mark Zuckerberg stood in front of the world and announced that the future of human interaction would be something called the metaverse. He was so confident about this that he renamed his three-billion-user company after it. Over the following four years, Meta spent $88 billion building a virtual world that almost nobody visited, featuring avatars that — for reasons that were never fully explained — did not have legs. Wall Street predicted five billion users. Consultants declared it too big to ignore. A man paid $450,000 to become Snoop Dogg's virtual neighbour. The metaverse peaked at around 900 daily users. This is the story of what went wrong, and what it cost.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2077 no What is a Protective Put? Options Trading Strategies These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Protective Put? A protective put is a trading or investment strategy that investors can use to guard against losses in a stock or other asset. The put option acts like an insurance policy—it costs money, which reduces the investor's potential gains from owning the security but also reduces the risk of losing money if the security declines in value. A protective put is also known as a married put. Breaking Down the Protective Put Protective puts involve being long a stock and purchasing put options for that stock with a strike price that is near the underlying stock's current price or slightly out of the money. A protective put is typically used when an investor is still bullish on a stock but wishes to hedge against potential losses and uncertainty.Profit and Loss The maximum profit of a protective put is theoretically unlimited as the strategy involves being long on the underlying stock. If the stock keeps rising, the long stock position benefits and the bought put option isn't needed.The maximum loss is limited to the purchase price of the underlying stock less the strike price of the put option and the premium paid. The strike price of the put option acts as a barrier where losses in the underlying stock stop. The ideal situation in a protective put is for the stock price to increase, as the investor would benefit from the long stock position. In this case, the put option will expire worthless, but the stock will have increased in value.Take a look at my other two videos in this series, one on covered calls and one on put call parity where we learn the relationship between a protective put and being long a call option.Covered Call Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC9iM2Wh7IPut Call Parity Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPrlfElGZJ0&t=0s Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 17 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat is a Protective Put? A protective put is a trading or investment strategy that investors can use to guard against losses in a stock or other asset. The put option acts like an insurance policy—it costs money, which reduces the investor's potential gains from owning the security but also reduces the risk of losing money if the security declines in value. A protective put is also known as a married put. Breaking Down the Protective Put Protective puts involve being long a stock and purchasing put options for that stock with a strike price that is near the underlying stock's current price or slightly out of the money. A protective put is typically used when an investor is still bullish on a stock but wishes to hedge against potential losses and uncertainty.Profit and Loss The maximum profit of a protective put is theoretically unlimited as the strategy involves being long on the underlying stock. If the stock keeps rising, the long stock position benefits and the bought put option isn't needed.The maximum loss is limited to the purchase price of the underlying stock less the strike price of the put option and the premium paid. The strike price of the put option acts as a barrier where losses in the underlying stock stop. The ideal situation in a protective put is for the stock price to increase, as the investor would benefit from the long stock position. In this case, the put option will expire worthless, but the stock will have increased in value.Take a look at my other two videos in this series, one on covered calls and one on put call parity where we learn the relationship between a protective put and being long a call option.Covered Call Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC9iM2Wh7IPut Call Parity Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPrlfElGZJ0&t=0s Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What is a Protective Put?
A protective put is a trading or investment strategy that investors can use to guard against losses in a stock or other asset. The put option acts like an insurance policy—it costs money, which reduces the investor's potential gains from owning the security but also reduces the risk of losing money if the security declines in value. A protective put is also known as a married put.

Breaking Down the Protective Put
Protective puts involve being long a stock and purchasing put options for that stock with a strike price that is near the underlying stock's current price or slightly out of the money. A protective put is typically used when an investor is still bullish on a stock but wishes to hedge against potential losses and uncertainty.


Profit and Loss
The maximum profit of a protective put is theoretically unlimited as the strategy involves being long on the underlying stock. If the stock keeps rising, the long stock position benefits and the bought put option isn't needed.

The maximum loss is limited to the purchase price of the underlying stock less the strike price of the put option and the premium paid. The strike price of the put option acts as a barrier where losses in the underlying stock stop. The ideal situation in a protective put is for the stock price to increase, as the investor would benefit from the long stock position. In this case, the put option will expire worthless, but the stock will have increased in value.

Take a look at my other two videos in this series, one on covered calls and one on put call parity where we learn the relationship between a protective put and being long a call option.

Covered Call Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlC9iM2Wh7I
Put Call Parity Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPrlfElGZJ0&t=0s

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 412 no Prediction Markets Are a Scam With a Chart Level up your note-taking with Plaud NotePro at https://bit.ly/4c9s3bC and use code “PBOYLE” for 10% OFF!Amazon: https://bit.ly/483LfoU#PLAUD #NoteTakerPrediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket have been described as "truth machines" that produce more accurate forecasts than traditional polling. In this video we look at how they actually work, why the federal government is fighting individual states over who gets to regulate a bet on a football game, how a soldier allegedly used classified military intelligence to win money on a crypto betting site, and why quantitative trading firms are now paying traders $200,000 a year to build algorithms that systematically take money from retail bettors. We also look at the political connections behind these platforms, the academic research on the social cost of making it very easy to gamble from your phone, and why — after all of this — you still can't trade futures on onions.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 16 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Level up your note-taking with Plaud NotePro at https://bit.ly/4c9s3bC and use code “PBOYLE” for 10% OFF!Amazon: https://bit.ly/483LfoU#PLAUD #NoteTakerPrediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket have been described as "truth machines" that produce more accurate forecasts than traditional polling. In this video we look at how they actually work, why the federal government is fighting individual states over who gets to regulate a bet on a football game, how a soldier allegedly used classified military intelligence to win money on a crypto betting site, and why quantitative trading firms are now paying traders $200,000 a year to build algorithms that systematically take money from retail bettors. We also look at the political connections behind these platforms, the academic research on the social cost of making it very easy to gamble from your phone, and why — after all of this — you still can't trade futures on onions.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Level up your note-taking with Plaud NotePro at https://bit.ly/4c9s3bC and use code “PBOYLE” for 10% OFF!
Amazon: https://bit.ly/483LfoU
#PLAUD #NoteTaker

Prediction markets like Kalshi and Polymarket have been described as "truth machines" that produce more accurate forecasts than traditional polling. In this video we look at how they actually work, why the federal government is fighting individual states over who gets to regulate a bet on a football game, how a soldier allegedly used classified military intelligence to win money on a crypto betting site, and why quantitative trading firms are now paying traders $200,000 a year to build algorithms that systematically take money from retail bettors. We also look at the political connections behind these platforms, the academic research on the social cost of making it very easy to gamble from your phone, and why — after all of this — you still can't trade futures on onions.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

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]]> 2025 no What is a Covered Call? - Options Trading What is a Covered Call? - Options Trading StrategiesThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleA covered call (oftenalso called a "buy-write" strategy) is a financial market transaction in which the seller of call options owns the corresponding amount of the underlying security, such as shares of a stock or other securities. According to put call parity, the strategy has the same payoffs as being short a put option. (See my video on put call parity)The long position in the underlying instrument is said to provide the "cover" as the shares can be delivered to the buyer of the call if the buyer decides to exercise. Writing (or selling) a call generates income in the form of the premium received from the option buyer. And if the stock price remains stable or increases, then the writer will be able to keep this income as a profit, even though the profit may have been higher if no call were written. The risk of stock ownership is not eliminated. If the stock price declines, then the overall position will lose money. Since in equilibrium the payoffs on the covered call position is the same as a short put position, the price (or premium) should be the same as the premium of the short put or naked put.Watch Patrick's Other Videos On This TopicProtective Put Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUs4jga-NAI&t=26sPut Call Parity Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPrlfElGZJ0&t=1s Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 16 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is a Covered Call? - Options Trading StrategiesThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleA covered call (oftenalso called a "buy-write" strategy) is a financial market transaction in which the seller of call options owns the corresponding amount of the underlying security, such as shares of a stock or other securities. According to put call parity, the strategy has the same payoffs as being short a put option. (See my video on put call parity)The long position in the underlying instrument is said to provide the "cover" as the shares can be delivered to the buyer of the call if the buyer decides to exercise. Writing (or selling) a call generates income in the form of the premium received from the option buyer. And if the stock price remains stable or increases, then the writer will be able to keep this income as a profit, even though the profit may have been higher if no call were written. The risk of stock ownership is not eliminated. If the stock price declines, then the overall position will lose money. Since in equilibrium the payoffs on the covered call position is the same as a short put position, the price (or premium) should be the same as the premium of the short put or naked put.Watch Patrick's Other Videos On This TopicProtective Put Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUs4jga-NAI&t=26sPut Call Parity Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPrlfElGZJ0&t=1s Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is a Covered Call? - Options Trading Strategies

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

A covered call (oftenalso called a "buy-write" strategy) is a financial market transaction in which the seller of call options owns the corresponding amount of the underlying security, such as shares of a stock or other securities. According to put call parity, the strategy has the same payoffs as being short a put option. (See my video on put call parity)

The long position in the underlying instrument is said to provide the "cover" as the shares can be delivered to the buyer of the call if the buyer decides to exercise.

Writing (or selling) a call generates income in the form of the premium received from the option buyer. And if the stock price remains stable or increases, then the writer will be able to keep this income as a profit, even though the profit may have been higher if no call were written. The risk of stock ownership is not eliminated. If the stock price declines, then the overall position will lose money.

Since in equilibrium the payoffs on the covered call position is the same as a short put position, the price (or premium) should be the same as the premium of the short put or naked put.

Watch Patrick's Other Videos On This Topic
Protective Put Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MUs4jga-NAI&t=26s
Put Call Parity Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPrlfElGZJ0&t=1s

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]]> 441 no Energy Markets are on the Verge of a Disaster! They can't harm you, if they can't find you! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleThe stock market just hit a record high. Meanwhile, captains in the Persian Gulf are turning off their transponders and sneaking through the Strait of Hormuz in the dead of night. Only five ships made it through yesterday. The seaborne oil buffer that insulated the global economy in the early weeks of the conflict is now completely exhausted, and the knock-on effects - from jet fuel shortages in Europe to a fertilizer crisis threatening this year's harvest - are only just beginning to show up in the data. In this video, we look at why the physical commodity markets are telling a very different story to the stock market, and what happens when the world's most critical trade route is caught between two competing blockades.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 15 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle They can't harm you, if they can't find you! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleThe stock market just hit a record high. Meanwhile, captains in the Persian Gulf are turning off their transponders and sneaking through the Strait of Hormuz in the dead of night. Only five ships made it through yesterday. The seaborne oil buffer that insulated the global economy in the early weeks of the conflict is now completely exhausted, and the knock-on effects - from jet fuel shortages in Europe to a fertilizer crisis threatening this year's harvest - are only just beginning to show up in the data. In this video, we look at why the physical commodity markets are telling a very different story to the stock market, and what happens when the world's most critical trade route is caught between two competing blockades.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices They can't harm you, if they can't find you! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyle

The stock market just hit a record high. Meanwhile, captains in the Persian Gulf are turning off their transponders and sneaking through the Strait of Hormuz in the dead of night. Only five ships made it through yesterday. The seaborne oil buffer that insulated the global economy in the early weeks of the conflict is now completely exhausted, and the knock-on effects - from jet fuel shortages in Europe to a fertilizer crisis threatening this year's harvest - are only just beginning to show up in the data. In this video, we look at why the physical commodity markets are telling a very different story to the stock market, and what happens when the world's most critical trade route is caught between two competing blockades.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

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]]> 1937 no Exercising Options - How and why do you exercise an options contract? Put Options and Call options These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleExercising OptionsCalls and put options give the owner the right to buy or sell a stock at a certain price by a certain date. When the owner of that call or put option has an option that is "in-the-money" and decides to buy or sell the stock, it is said that they are "exercising" their option. However, just because an option is "in-the-money" it doesn't mean that it is always in the best interest of the option holder to exercise it. Most of the time the option owner is better off to just sell the option at the current market price. This is because the option price is usually higher than the "intrinsic value", or the amount the option is actually "in-the-money." At expiration date, it usually makes sense to exercise the option.When to Exercise a Call OptionIf you own a call option and the stock price is HIGHER than the strike price at expiration, then it makes sense for you to exercise your call. This way you can buy the stock at a lower price and immediately sell it in the market at the higher price.When to Exercise a Put OptionIf you own a put option and the stock price is LOWER than the strike price at expiration, then it makes sense for you to exercise your put. This way you can sell the stock at a higher price and immediately buy it back at the lower price.I will do another video shortly on when it is optimal to early exercise options.Trading options. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 14 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleExercising OptionsCalls and put options give the owner the right to buy or sell a stock at a certain price by a certain date. When the owner of that call or put option has an option that is "in-the-money" and decides to buy or sell the stock, it is said that they are "exercising" their option. However, just because an option is "in-the-money" it doesn't mean that it is always in the best interest of the option holder to exercise it. Most of the time the option owner is better off to just sell the option at the current market price. This is because the option price is usually higher than the "intrinsic value", or the amount the option is actually "in-the-money." At expiration date, it usually makes sense to exercise the option.When to Exercise a Call OptionIf you own a call option and the stock price is HIGHER than the strike price at expiration, then it makes sense for you to exercise your call. This way you can buy the stock at a lower price and immediately sell it in the market at the higher price.When to Exercise a Put OptionIf you own a put option and the stock price is LOWER than the strike price at expiration, then it makes sense for you to exercise your put. This way you can sell the stock at a higher price and immediately buy it back at the lower price.I will do another video shortly on when it is optimal to early exercise options.Trading options. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Exercising Options
Calls and put options give the owner the right to buy or sell a stock at a certain price by a certain date. When the owner of that call or put option has an option that is "in-the-money" and decides to buy or sell the stock, it is said that they are "exercising" their option. However, just because an option is "in-the-money" it doesn't mean that it is always in the best interest of the option holder to exercise it. Most of the time the option owner is better off to just sell the option at the current market price. This is because the option price is usually higher than the "intrinsic value", or the amount the option is actually "in-the-money." At expiration date, it usually makes sense to exercise the option.
When to Exercise a Call Option
If you own a call option and the stock price is HIGHER than the strike price at expiration, then it makes sense for you to exercise your call. This way you can buy the stock at a lower price and immediately sell it in the market at the higher price.
When to Exercise a Put Option
If you own a put option and the stock price is LOWER than the strike price at expiration, then it makes sense for you to exercise your put. This way you can sell the stock at a higher price and immediately buy it back at the lower price.

I will do another video shortly on when it is optimal to early exercise options.

Trading options.

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]]> 454 no Is Inflation About to Get Much Worse? 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo — the all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try out Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/2khU.S. consumer sentiment has fallen to a 74-year low. Brent crude is above $125 a barrel. And several highly credible economists had been warning that inflation was coming back — long before the first missile was fired. In this video, we look at the structural forces — demographic, fiscal, and geopolitical — that are making inflation much harder to control, and why central banks may no longer have the tools or the political independence to do anything about it.Based in part on the new book "The Unanchored Central Banker" by Manoj Pradhan and Charles Goodhart. https://amzn.to/4n7hklUMy second channel: https://www.youtube.com/@PBoyleInterviewsMy interview with Manoj Pradhan: https://youtu.be/EuhdSV_WTVI Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 13 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo — the all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try out Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/2khU.S. consumer sentiment has fallen to a 74-year low. Brent crude is above $125 a barrel. And several highly credible economists had been warning that inflation was coming back — long before the first missile was fired. In this video, we look at the structural forces — demographic, fiscal, and geopolitical — that are making inflation much harder to control, and why central banks may no longer have the tools or the political independence to do anything about it.Based in part on the new book "The Unanchored Central Banker" by Manoj Pradhan and Charles Goodhart. https://amzn.to/4n7hklUMy second channel: https://www.youtube.com/@PBoyleInterviewsMy interview with Manoj Pradhan: https://youtu.be/EuhdSV_WTVI Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo — the all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try out Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/2kh

U.S. consumer sentiment has fallen to a 74-year low. Brent crude is above $125 a barrel. And several highly credible economists had been warning that inflation was coming back — long before the first missile was fired. In this video, we look at the structural forces — demographic, fiscal, and geopolitical — that are making inflation much harder to control, and why central banks may no longer have the tools or the political independence to do anything about it.

Based in part on the new book "The Unanchored Central Banker" by Manoj Pradhan and Charles Goodhart. https://amzn.to/4n7hklU

My second channel: https://www.youtube.com/@PBoyleInterviews

My interview with Manoj Pradhan: https://youtu.be/EuhdSV_WTVI

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2234 no Simple Options Positions - Call Options - Put Options - Long and Short - Beginners Tutorial These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThere is no free lunch with stocks and bonds. Options are no different. Options trading involves certain risks that the investor must be aware of before making a trade.Options are derivatives of financial securities – their value depends on the price of some other asset. That is essentially what the term, derivative, means. There are many different types of securities that fall under the label of derivative, including calls, puts, futures, forwards, swaps (of which there are many types), and credit derivatives which we will cover in a future video.Options represent the right (but not the obligation) to take some sort of action (buy or sell an underlying security) by a predetermined date (the expiration date). There are two types of options, calls and puts. And there are two sides to every option transaction -- the party buying the option, and the party selling (also called writing) the option. Each side comes with its own risk/reward profile and may be entered into for different strategic reasons. The buyer of the option is said to have a long position, while the seller of the option (the writer) is said to have a short position.Note that tradable options are contracts between two parties. The companies whose securities underlie the option contracts are themselves neither involved in the transactions nor the cash flows between the various parties in the market. In any option trade, the counterparty may be another investor, or perhaps a market maker (a type of middle man offering to both buy and sell a particular security in the hopes of making a profit on the differing bid/ask prices). All parties it should be noted do not directly face each other, instead they face the options clearinghouse, and I have a separate video on that topic.What's a call option?A call option, is the option to buy the underlying stock at a pre-agreed price (the strike price) by a pre-agreed date (the expiration date). The buyer of a call has the right to buy shares at the strike price until expiration. The seller of the call (also known as the call "writer") is the one with the corresponding obligation. If the call buyer decides to buy (known as exercising the option) the call writer is obliged to sell their shares to the call buyer at the strike price.If an investor bought a call option on Apple Computer stock with a strike price at $100 expiring in two months. That call buyer has the right to exercise that option, paying $100 per share, and receiving the shares. The writer of the call would have the obligation to deliver those shares and be happy receiving $100 for them. What's a put option?If a call is the right to buy, then perhaps unsurprisingly, a put is the option to sell the underlying stock at a predetermined strike price until a fixed expiry date. The put buyer has the right to sell shares at the strike price, and if he/she decides to sell, the put writer is obliged to buy at that price.Why use options?A call buyer seeks to make a profit when the price of the underlying shares rises. The call price will rise as the shares do. The call writer is making the opposite bet, hoping for the stock price to decline or, at the very least, rise less than the amount received for selling the call in the first place.The put buyer profits when the underlying stock price falls. A put increases in value as the underlying stock decreases in value. Conversely, put writers are hoping for the option to expire with the stock price above the strike price, or at least for the stock to decline an amount less than what they have been paid to sell the put.We'll note here that relatively few Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 13 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThere is no free lunch with stocks and bonds. Options are no different. Options trading involves certain risks that the investor must be aware of before making a trade.Options are derivatives of financial securities – their value depends on the price of some other asset. That is essentially what the term, derivative, means. There are many different types of securities that fall under the label of derivative, including calls, puts, futures, forwards, swaps (of which there are many types), and credit derivatives which we will cover in a future video.Options represent the right (but not the obligation) to take some sort of action (buy or sell an underlying security) by a predetermined date (the expiration date). There are two types of options, calls and puts. And there are two sides to every option transaction -- the party buying the option, and the party selling (also called writing) the option. Each side comes with its own risk/reward profile and may be entered into for different strategic reasons. The buyer of the option is said to have a long position, while the seller of the option (the writer) is said to have a short position.Note that tradable options are contracts between two parties. The companies whose securities underlie the option contracts are themselves neither involved in the transactions nor the cash flows between the various parties in the market. In any option trade, the counterparty may be another investor, or perhaps a market maker (a type of middle man offering to both buy and sell a particular security in the hopes of making a profit on the differing bid/ask prices). All parties it should be noted do not directly face each other, instead they face the options clearinghouse, and I have a separate video on that topic.What's a call option?A call option, is the option to buy the underlying stock at a pre-agreed price (the strike price) by a pre-agreed date (the expiration date). The buyer of a call has the right to buy shares at the strike price until expiration. The seller of the call (also known as the call "writer") is the one with the corresponding obligation. If the call buyer decides to buy (known as exercising the option) the call writer is obliged to sell their shares to the call buyer at the strike price.If an investor bought a call option on Apple Computer stock with a strike price at $100 expiring in two months. That call buyer has the right to exercise that option, paying $100 per share, and receiving the shares. The writer of the call would have the obligation to deliver those shares and be happy receiving $100 for them. What's a put option?If a call is the right to buy, then perhaps unsurprisingly, a put is the option to sell the underlying stock at a predetermined strike price until a fixed expiry date. The put buyer has the right to sell shares at the strike price, and if he/she decides to sell, the put writer is obliged to buy at that price.Why use options?A call buyer seeks to make a profit when the price of the underlying shares rises. The call price will rise as the shares do. The call writer is making the opposite bet, hoping for the stock price to decline or, at the very least, rise less than the amount received for selling the call in the first place.The put buyer profits when the underlying stock price falls. A put increases in value as the underlying stock decreases in value. Conversely, put writers are hoping for the option to expire with the stock price above the strike price, or at least for the stock to decline an amount less than what they have been paid to sell the put.We'll note here that relatively few Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

There is no free lunch with stocks and bonds. Options are no different. Options trading involves certain risks that the investor must be aware of before making a trade.

Options are derivatives of financial securities – their value depends on the price of some other asset. That is essentially what the term, derivative, means. There are many different types of securities that fall under the label of derivative, including calls, puts, futures, forwards, swaps (of which there are many types), and credit derivatives which we will cover in a future video.

Options represent the right (but not the obligation) to take some sort of action (buy or sell an underlying security) by a predetermined date (the expiration date).

There are two types of options, calls and puts. And there are two sides to every option transaction -- the party buying the option, and the party selling (also called writing) the option. Each side comes with its own risk/reward profile and may be entered into for different strategic reasons. The buyer of the option is said to have a long position, while the seller of the option (the writer) is said to have a short position.

Note that tradable options are contracts between two parties. The companies whose securities underlie the option contracts are themselves neither involved in the transactions nor the cash flows between the various parties in the market. In any option trade, the counterparty may be another investor, or perhaps a market maker (a type of middle man offering to both buy and sell a particular security in the hopes of making a profit on the differing bid/ask prices). All parties it should be noted do not directly face each other, instead they face the options clearinghouse, and I have a separate video on that topic.

What's a call option?
A call option, is the option to buy the underlying stock at a pre-agreed price (the strike price) by a pre-agreed date (the expiration date). The buyer of a call has the right to buy shares at the strike price until expiration. The seller of the call (also known as the call "writer") is the one with the corresponding obligation. If the call buyer decides to buy (known as exercising the option) the call writer is obliged to sell their shares to the call buyer at the strike price.

If an investor bought a call option on Apple Computer stock with a strike price at $100 expiring in two months. That call buyer has the right to exercise that option, paying $100 per share, and receiving the shares. The writer of the call would have the obligation to deliver those shares and be happy receiving $100 for them.

What's a put option?
If a call is the right to buy, then perhaps unsurprisingly, a put is the option to sell the underlying stock at a predetermined strike price until a fixed expiry date. The put buyer has the right to sell shares at the strike price, and if he/she decides to sell, the put writer is obliged to buy at that price.

Why use options?
A call buyer seeks to make a profit when the price of the underlying shares rises. The call price will rise as the shares do. The call writer is making the opposite bet, hoping for the stock price to decline or, at the very least, rise less than the amount received for selling the call in the first place.

The put buyer profits when the underlying stock price falls. A put increases in value as the underlying stock decreases in value. Conversely, put writers are hoping for the option to expire with the stock price above the strike price, or at least for the stock to decline an amount less than what they have been paid to sell the put.

We'll note here that relatively few

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]]> 471 no The Dumbest Takeover Bid! All-in-one AI Workspace @GensparkProduct https://www.youtube.com/@GensparkProductGenspark = AI Sheet + AI Slides + so much more🚀 $250M ARR in 12 months🎁 Sign up: credits + GetStarted bonusTry it 👉 https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle03#Genspark #WorkwithGensparkGameStop — the meme stock famous for selling physical video game discs to people who no longer buy physical video game discs — has made an unsolicited 56 billion dollar offer to acquire eBay. GameStop is worth approximately 12 billion dollars. The offer is non-binding, the financing includes a highly confident letter from a Canadian bank, and the shares required to complete the deal have not yet been authorised by shareholders. CEO Ryan Cohen went on CNBC on Monday morning to explain how this would all work. He said the details were on the website. We looked at the website.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 12 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle All-in-one AI Workspace @GensparkProduct https://www.youtube.com/@GensparkProductGenspark = AI Sheet + AI Slides + so much more🚀 $250M ARR in 12 months🎁 Sign up: credits + GetStarted bonusTry it 👉 https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle03#Genspark #WorkwithGensparkGameStop — the meme stock famous for selling physical video game discs to people who no longer buy physical video game discs — has made an unsolicited 56 billion dollar offer to acquire eBay. GameStop is worth approximately 12 billion dollars. The offer is non-binding, the financing includes a highly confident letter from a Canadian bank, and the shares required to complete the deal have not yet been authorised by shareholders. CEO Ryan Cohen went on CNBC on Monday morning to explain how this would all work. He said the details were on the website. We looked at the website.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices All-in-one AI Workspace @GensparkProduct https://www.youtube.com/@GensparkProduct

Genspark = AI Sheet + AI Slides + so much more

🚀 $250M ARR in 12 months
🎁 Sign up: credits + GetStarted bonus

Try it 👉 https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle03
#Genspark #WorkwithGenspark

GameStop — the meme stock famous for selling physical video game discs to people who no longer buy physical video game discs — has made an unsolicited 56 billion dollar offer to acquire eBay. GameStop is worth approximately 12 billion dollars. The offer is non-binding, the financing includes a highly confident letter from a Canadian bank, and the shares required to complete the deal have not yet been authorised by shareholders. CEO Ryan Cohen went on CNBC on Monday morning to explain how this would all work. He said the details were on the website. We looked at the website.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
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Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
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Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
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]]> 2098 no Options Margin These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 11 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 466 no What Trump's China Visit Actually Achieved. Try Mammouth AI now at http://mammouth.aiAs Donald Trump and Xi Jinping wrap up their summit in Beijing with little more to show for it than a few awkward handshakes, the media is left wondering where the big breakthrough went. But as we explore in this video, the failure of the "beans and Boeings" summit wasn’t a political failure—it was a certainty. Relying on the insights of economist Michael Pettis, we break down why trade surpluses and deficits are driven by domestic savings and investment choices, rather than trade policies or tariffs. From China’s systematic suppression of household consumption to the United States' structural trap as the global consumer of last resort, the underlying economic imbalances forcing this trade war cannot be fixed by podium announcements. Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 10 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Try Mammouth AI now at http://mammouth.aiAs Donald Trump and Xi Jinping wrap up their summit in Beijing with little more to show for it than a few awkward handshakes, the media is left wondering where the big breakthrough went. But as we explore in this video, the failure of the "beans and Boeings" summit wasn’t a political failure—it was a certainty. Relying on the insights of economist Michael Pettis, we break down why trade surpluses and deficits are driven by domestic savings and investment choices, rather than trade policies or tariffs. From China’s systematic suppression of household consumption to the United States' structural trap as the global consumer of last resort, the underlying economic imbalances forcing this trade war cannot be fixed by podium announcements. Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Try Mammouth AI now at http://mammouth.ai

As Donald Trump and Xi Jinping wrap up their summit in Beijing with little more to show for it than a few awkward handshakes, the media is left wondering where the big breakthrough went. But as we explore in this video, the failure of the "beans and Boeings" summit wasn’t a political failure—it was a certainty. Relying on the insights of economist Michael Pettis, we break down why trade surpluses and deficits are driven by domestic savings and investment choices, rather than trade policies or tariffs. From China’s systematic suppression of household consumption to the United States' structural trap as the global consumer of last resort, the underlying economic imbalances forcing this trade war cannot be fixed by podium announcements.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
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]]> 1824 no Intrinsic value and Time Value of Financial Options What is Intrinsic value and Time Value of Financial Options?, In The Money, At The Money, Out Of The MoneyThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe price of an option is made up of a combination of intrinsic value and time value.The intrinsic value of an option is the value of exercising the option right now. If the price of the underlying stock is above a call option strike price, the option has a positive monetary value, and is referred to as being in-the-money. If the underlying stock is priced cheaper than the call option's strike price, the call option is referred to as being out-of-the-money. If an option is out-of-the-money at expiration, its holder simply allows the option to expire worthless. This is because a rational investor would choose to buy the underlying stock at market rather than exercise an out-of-the-money call option to buy the same stock at a higher-than-market price. For the same reasons, a put option is in-the-money if it allows the purchase of the underlying at a market price below the strike price of the put option. A put option is out-of-the-money if the underlying's spot price is higher than the strike price. The time value of an option is the premium a rational investor would pay over its current exercise value (intrinsic value), based on the probability it will increase in value before expiry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 10 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is Intrinsic value and Time Value of Financial Options?, In The Money, At The Money, Out Of The MoneyThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleThe price of an option is made up of a combination of intrinsic value and time value.The intrinsic value of an option is the value of exercising the option right now. If the price of the underlying stock is above a call option strike price, the option has a positive monetary value, and is referred to as being in-the-money. If the underlying stock is priced cheaper than the call option's strike price, the call option is referred to as being out-of-the-money. If an option is out-of-the-money at expiration, its holder simply allows the option to expire worthless. This is because a rational investor would choose to buy the underlying stock at market rather than exercise an out-of-the-money call option to buy the same stock at a higher-than-market price. For the same reasons, a put option is in-the-money if it allows the purchase of the underlying at a market price below the strike price of the put option. A put option is out-of-the-money if the underlying's spot price is higher than the strike price. The time value of an option is the premium a rational investor would pay over its current exercise value (intrinsic value), based on the probability it will increase in value before expiry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is Intrinsic value and Time Value of Financial Options?, In The Money, At The Money, Out Of The Money

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

The price of an option is made up of a combination of intrinsic value and time value.

The intrinsic value of an option is the value of exercising the option right now. If the price of the underlying stock is above a call option strike price, the option has a positive monetary value, and is referred to as being in-the-money. If the underlying stock is priced cheaper than the call option's strike price, the call option is referred to as being out-of-the-money. If an option is out-of-the-money at expiration, its holder simply allows the option to expire worthless. This is because a rational investor would choose to buy the underlying stock at market rather than exercise an out-of-the-money call option to buy the same stock at a higher-than-market price.

For the same reasons, a put option is in-the-money if it allows the purchase of the underlying at a market price below the strike price of the put option. A put option is out-of-the-money if the underlying's spot price is higher than the strike price.

The time value of an option is the premium a rational investor would pay over its current exercise value (intrinsic value), based on the probability it will increase in value before expiry.

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]]> 536 no SpaceX: The Biggest Money Loser in IPO History Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleThis week, SpaceX filed the prospectus for what is expected to be the largest IPO in history. The document is extraordinary — part financial disclosure, part science fiction, and part governance structure that a corporate law professor has described as offering shareholders "no votes, no sales, and no suits." We look at the numbers, the products that don't yet exist, the AI business that SpaceX's own engineers won't use, the related-party transactions, the compensation package tied to a Mars colony the company admits is "improbable," and the one rocket that everything depends on. Everything I am about to tell you comes directly from the filing.Cape Fear Advisors Substack: https://capefearadvisors.substack.com/p/spacex-adding-it-up-the-235-billionPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 09 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleThis week, SpaceX filed the prospectus for what is expected to be the largest IPO in history. The document is extraordinary — part financial disclosure, part science fiction, and part governance structure that a corporate law professor has described as offering shareholders "no votes, no sales, and no suits." We look at the numbers, the products that don't yet exist, the AI business that SpaceX's own engineers won't use, the related-party transactions, the compensation package tied to a Mars colony the company admits is "improbable," and the one rocket that everything depends on. Everything I am about to tell you comes directly from the filing.Cape Fear Advisors Substack: https://capefearadvisors.substack.com/p/spacex-adding-it-up-the-235-billionPatrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

This week, SpaceX filed the prospectus for what is expected to be the largest IPO in history. The document is extraordinary — part financial disclosure, part science fiction, and part governance structure that a corporate law professor has described as offering shareholders "no votes, no sales, and no suits." We look at the numbers, the products that don't yet exist, the AI business that SpaceX's own engineers won't use, the related-party transactions, the compensation package tied to a Mars colony the company admits is "improbable," and the one rocket that everything depends on. Everything I am about to tell you comes directly from the filing.

Cape Fear Advisors Substack: https://capefearadvisors.substack.com/p/spacex-adding-it-up-the-235-billion

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
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]]> 2066 no What is an Options Contract in Finance These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat are Financial Options?Options are a financial derivative sold by an option writer or seller to an option buyer. They are typically purchased through a broker. The contract gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) the underlying asset at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date. The agreed upon price is called the strike price. American options can be exercised any time before the expiration date of the option, while European options can only be exercised on the expiration date (also known as exercise date). Exercising an option means utilizing the right to buy or the sell the underlying security.What is a call option? Call options provide the option buyer with the right to buy an underlying security at the strike price. The buyer of a call option is bullish and wants the price of the stock to go up. Conversely, the option seller (or writer) has to sell the underlying security to the option buyer, at the strike price, in the event that the stock's market price is above the strike price at expiration.An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop or stay the same relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how they will reap maximum profit. The writer's maximum profit is the premium received when selling the option. If the buyer is right, and the stock rises above the strike price, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock for a lower price (strike price) and then sell it for a profit at the current market price. However, if the underlying stock is not above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer loses the premium paid for the call option.What is a put option? Put options give the option buyer the right but not the obligation to sell the underlying at the strike price. The put buyer is bearish and wants the stock to go down. The opposite is true for a put option writer who writes a put option believing that the underlying stock's price will stay the same or increase over the life of the option.If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. They get to keep the entire premium.Conversely, a put option buyer benefits from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is obliged to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price. The put option buyer's profit, if applicable, is calculated by taking the Strike Price – (Current market price + Premium paid). This is then multiplied by 100 (if each contract is 100 shares) and the number of contracts bought. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 08 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleWhat are Financial Options?Options are a financial derivative sold by an option writer or seller to an option buyer. They are typically purchased through a broker. The contract gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) the underlying asset at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date. The agreed upon price is called the strike price. American options can be exercised any time before the expiration date of the option, while European options can only be exercised on the expiration date (also known as exercise date). Exercising an option means utilizing the right to buy or the sell the underlying security.What is a call option? Call options provide the option buyer with the right to buy an underlying security at the strike price. The buyer of a call option is bullish and wants the price of the stock to go up. Conversely, the option seller (or writer) has to sell the underlying security to the option buyer, at the strike price, in the event that the stock's market price is above the strike price at expiration.An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop or stay the same relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how they will reap maximum profit. The writer's maximum profit is the premium received when selling the option. If the buyer is right, and the stock rises above the strike price, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock for a lower price (strike price) and then sell it for a profit at the current market price. However, if the underlying stock is not above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer loses the premium paid for the call option.What is a put option? Put options give the option buyer the right but not the obligation to sell the underlying at the strike price. The put buyer is bearish and wants the stock to go down. The opposite is true for a put option writer who writes a put option believing that the underlying stock's price will stay the same or increase over the life of the option.If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. They get to keep the entire premium.Conversely, a put option buyer benefits from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is obliged to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price. The put option buyer's profit, if applicable, is calculated by taking the Strike Price – (Current market price + Premium paid). This is then multiplied by 100 (if each contract is 100 shares) and the number of contracts bought. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

What are Financial Options?
Options are a financial derivative sold by an option writer or seller to an option buyer. They are typically purchased through a broker. The contract gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) the underlying asset at an agreed-upon price during a certain period of time or on a specific date. The agreed upon price is called the strike price. American options can be exercised any time before the expiration date of the option, while European options can only be exercised on the expiration date (also known as exercise date). Exercising an option means utilizing the right to buy or the sell the underlying security.

What is a call option?
Call options provide the option buyer with the right to buy an underlying security at the strike price. The buyer of a call option is bullish and wants the price of the stock to go up. Conversely, the option seller (or writer) has to sell the underlying security to the option buyer, at the strike price, in the event that the stock's market price is above the strike price at expiration.

An option writer who sells a call option believes that the underlying stock's price will drop or stay the same relative to the option's strike price during the life of the option, as that is how they will reap maximum profit. The writer's maximum profit is the premium received when selling the option.

If the buyer is right, and the stock rises above the strike price, the buyer will be able to acquire the stock for a lower price (strike price) and then sell it for a profit at the current market price. However, if the underlying stock is not above the strike price on the expiration date, the option buyer loses the premium paid for the call option.


What is a put option?
Put options give the option buyer the right but not the obligation to sell the underlying at the strike price. The put buyer is bearish and wants the stock to go down. The opposite is true for a put option writer who writes a put option believing that the underlying stock's price will stay the same or increase over the life of the option.

If the underlying stock's price closes above the specified strike price on the expiration date, the put option writer's maximum profit is achieved. They get to keep the entire premium.

Conversely, a put option buyer benefits from a fall in the underlying stock's price below the strike price. If the underlying stock's price falls below the strike price, the put option writer is obliged to purchase shares of the underlying stock at the strike price. The put option buyer's profit, if applicable, is calculated by taking the Strike Price – (Current market price + Premium paid). This is then multiplied by 100 (if each contract is 100 shares) and the number of contracts bought.

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]]> 652 no This Is Probably Fine! They can't harm you, if they can't find you! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleUS 30-year Treasury yields just hit 5.2% — the highest level since July 2007. UK gilt yields are at levels not seen since 1998. Japanese bond yields are at record highs. Something is happening in global bond markets, and it's not just about inflation.In this video I explain what's driving the global rise in long-term borrowing costs, why the era of free money is probably over, and what fiscal dominance means for central bank independence. I cover the history of US presidents fighting with the Federal Reserve — including LBJ shoving his Fed Chair against a wall — the 1970s UK economic collapse, the Liz Truss mini-budget crisis, the role of private credit and off-balance-sheet SPVs in financing the AI boom, and what all of this means for the new Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 07 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle They can't harm you, if they can't find you! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyleUS 30-year Treasury yields just hit 5.2% — the highest level since July 2007. UK gilt yields are at levels not seen since 1998. Japanese bond yields are at record highs. Something is happening in global bond markets, and it's not just about inflation.In this video I explain what's driving the global rise in long-term borrowing costs, why the era of free money is probably over, and what fiscal dominance means for central bank independence. I cover the history of US presidents fighting with the Federal Reserve — including LBJ shoving his Fed Chair against a wall — the 1970s UK economic collapse, the Liz Truss mini-budget crisis, the role of private credit and off-balance-sheet SPVs in financing the AI boom, and what all of this means for the new Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices They can't harm you, if they can't find you! Use code BOYLE at the link below and get 60% off an annual plan: https://incogni.com/boyle

US 30-year Treasury yields just hit 5.2% — the highest level since July 2007. UK gilt yields are at levels not seen since 1998. Japanese bond yields are at record highs. Something is happening in global bond markets, and it's not just about inflation.

In this video I explain what's driving the global rise in long-term borrowing costs, why the era of free money is probably over, and what fiscal dominance means for central bank independence. I cover the history of US presidents fighting with the Federal Reserve — including LBJ shoving his Fed Chair against a wall — the 1970s UK economic collapse, the Liz Truss mini-budget crisis, the role of private credit and off-balance-sheet SPVs in financing the AI boom, and what all of this means for the new Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2088 no Order Types Used by Traders and Investors Order Types Used by Traders and Investors - Market Order - Limit Orders - Stop OrdersThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIf you are buying or selling financial products, when you use a market order, you are essentially just requesting the transaction to go through at the next available price. Limit orders are another order type but they limit the price at which the stock is bought or sold. You can place a limit order so that it will buy below a set price or sell above a set price. The main downside of a limit order is that the trade may not go through if the price never gets to the limit you have set. You therefore need to keep on top of your limit orders to ensure it does get bought or sold.The stop order orders the purchase or sale of a stock once it’s reached a certain price. Buy stop orders are put above the current market price and a sell stop order below the current price, with the potential benefit of reducing your loss or protecting your profits.You can also use a stop limit order, which releases a limit order once the stop price has been triggered. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 07 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Order Types Used by Traders and Investors - Market Order - Limit Orders - Stop OrdersThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIf you are buying or selling financial products, when you use a market order, you are essentially just requesting the transaction to go through at the next available price. Limit orders are another order type but they limit the price at which the stock is bought or sold. You can place a limit order so that it will buy below a set price or sell above a set price. The main downside of a limit order is that the trade may not go through if the price never gets to the limit you have set. You therefore need to keep on top of your limit orders to ensure it does get bought or sold.The stop order orders the purchase or sale of a stock once it’s reached a certain price. Buy stop orders are put above the current market price and a sell stop order below the current price, with the potential benefit of reducing your loss or protecting your profits.You can also use a stop limit order, which releases a limit order once the stop price has been triggered. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Order Types Used by Traders and Investors - Market Order - Limit Orders - Stop Orders

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

If you are buying or selling financial products, when you use a market order, you are essentially just requesting the transaction to go through at the next available price.

Limit orders are another order type but they limit the price at which the stock is bought or sold. You can place a limit order so that it will buy below a set price or sell above a set price. The main downside of a limit order is that the trade may not go through if the price never gets to the limit you have set. You therefore need to keep on top of your limit orders to ensure it does get bought or sold.

The stop order orders the purchase or sale of a stock once it’s reached a certain price.

Buy stop orders are put above the current market price and a sell stop order below the current price, with the potential benefit of reducing your loss or protecting your profits.

You can also use a stop limit order, which releases a limit order once the stop price has been triggered.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 495 no The Real Reason You Can't Afford a House Stop paying for GPT, Claude, and Gemini separately. 🙅‍♂️Genspark puts them all in one workspace. One subscription. Three killer features:🔍 Fact Check – 30 rounds of live verification with source proof📝 AI Meeting Notes – Record on your phone, auto-share professional notes🎨 AI Designer – Thumbnails, social graphics, anything you needNew users get free credits. Paid subscribers get unlimited AI Chat + AI Image for 2026.Try Genspark today 👉https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle04@GensparkProduct #Genspark #ai #WorkWithGensparkA three-bedroom "dunger" in New Zealand with peeling paint and boarded-up windows sold for 1.81 million dollars at the peak of the boom. A few years later, prices had fallen by as much as a third in real terms, recent buyers were trapped in negative equity, and thousands of construction firms had gone under. In this video we look at how a national housing boom turns into a bust, why house prices became so unaffordable in the first place, and what it means for an economy when the family home stops being a place to live and becomes a leveraged investment.Along the way we cover the interest-rate math behind home affordability and why falling mortgage rates inflated prices for forty years, the politics of why governments keep house prices rising, why high housing costs drive young workers to emigrate, and the lessons from past property crashes in Japan, the United States, and Ireland. We also look at Henry George's argument for a land value tax, Edward Leamer's "Housing IS the Business Cycle," and why an efficient property market matters for the whole economy. Whether you're in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, or anywhere else watching house prices climb out of reach, the underlying dynamics are the same.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 06 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Stop paying for GPT, Claude, and Gemini separately. 🙅‍♂️Genspark puts them all in one workspace. One subscription. Three killer features:🔍 Fact Check – 30 rounds of live verification with source proof📝 AI Meeting Notes – Record on your phone, auto-share professional notes🎨 AI Designer – Thumbnails, social graphics, anything you needNew users get free credits. Paid subscribers get unlimited AI Chat + AI Image for 2026.Try Genspark today 👉https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle04@GensparkProduct #Genspark #ai #WorkWithGensparkA three-bedroom "dunger" in New Zealand with peeling paint and boarded-up windows sold for 1.81 million dollars at the peak of the boom. A few years later, prices had fallen by as much as a third in real terms, recent buyers were trapped in negative equity, and thousands of construction firms had gone under. In this video we look at how a national housing boom turns into a bust, why house prices became so unaffordable in the first place, and what it means for an economy when the family home stops being a place to live and becomes a leveraged investment.Along the way we cover the interest-rate math behind home affordability and why falling mortgage rates inflated prices for forty years, the politics of why governments keep house prices rising, why high housing costs drive young workers to emigrate, and the lessons from past property crashes in Japan, the United States, and Ireland. We also look at Henry George's argument for a land value tax, Edward Leamer's "Housing IS the Business Cycle," and why an efficient property market matters for the whole economy. Whether you're in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, or anywhere else watching house prices climb out of reach, the underlying dynamics are the same.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Stop paying for GPT, Claude, and Gemini separately. 🙅‍♂️

Genspark puts them all in one workspace. One subscription. Three killer features:

🔍 Fact Check – 30 rounds of live verification with source proof
📝 AI Meeting Notes – Record on your phone, auto-share professional notes
🎨 AI Designer – Thumbnails, social graphics, anything you need

New users get free credits. Paid subscribers get unlimited AI Chat + AI Image for 2026.

Try Genspark today 👉https://www.genspark.ai/?utm_source=yt&utm_campaign=PBoyle04
@GensparkProduct
#Genspark #ai #WorkWithGenspark

A three-bedroom "dunger" in New Zealand with peeling paint and boarded-up windows sold for 1.81 million dollars at the peak of the boom. A few years later, prices had fallen by as much as a third in real terms, recent buyers were trapped in negative equity, and thousands of construction firms had gone under. In this video we look at how a national housing boom turns into a bust, why house prices became so unaffordable in the first place, and what it means for an economy when the family home stops being a place to live and becomes a leveraged investment.

Along the way we cover the interest-rate math behind home affordability and why falling mortgage rates inflated prices for forty years, the politics of why governments keep house prices rising, why high housing costs drive young workers to emigrate, and the lessons from past property crashes in Japan, the United States, and Ireland. We also look at Henry George's argument for a land value tax, Edward Leamer's "Housing IS the Business Cycle," and why an efficient property market matters for the whole economy. Whether you're in the US, UK, Canada, Australia, or anywhere else watching house prices climb out of reach, the underlying dynamics are the same.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1875 no How and why do companies hedge? Should companies use derivatives to hedge? How and why do companies hedge?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleShould Companies Use Derivatives to Hedge?Over the last several decades, the use of derivatives as a tool to mitigate and control risk has expanded significantly. Despite well-publicized abuses involving derivatives, the efficacy of derivatives as a means of managing economic and other forms of risk remains widely accepted. The evolving mix of users of derivatives in the last ten years has also impacted the derivatives landscape. Traditionally, commercial hedgers such as processors, mills and large corporations used derivatives to manage risks; today, while commercial hedgers remain active, much of the increase in volume in derivatives is attributable to non-traditional end-users, such as public companies, which have been active users of derivatives, most notably interest rate and foreign currency hedging instruments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 05 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Should companies use derivatives to hedge? How and why do companies hedge?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleShould Companies Use Derivatives to Hedge?Over the last several decades, the use of derivatives as a tool to mitigate and control risk has expanded significantly. Despite well-publicized abuses involving derivatives, the efficacy of derivatives as a means of managing economic and other forms of risk remains widely accepted. The evolving mix of users of derivatives in the last ten years has also impacted the derivatives landscape. Traditionally, commercial hedgers such as processors, mills and large corporations used derivatives to manage risks; today, while commercial hedgers remain active, much of the increase in volume in derivatives is attributable to non-traditional end-users, such as public companies, which have been active users of derivatives, most notably interest rate and foreign currency hedging instruments. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Should companies use derivatives to hedge? How and why do companies hedge?

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Should Companies Use Derivatives to Hedge?

Over the last several decades, the use of derivatives as a tool to mitigate and control risk has expanded significantly. Despite well-publicized abuses involving derivatives, the efficacy of derivatives as a means of managing economic and other forms of risk remains widely accepted. The evolving mix of users of derivatives in the last ten years has also impacted the derivatives landscape. Traditionally, commercial hedgers such as processors, mills and large corporations used derivatives to manage risks; today, while commercial hedgers remain active, much of the increase in volume in derivatives is attributable to non-traditional end-users, such as public companies, which have been active users of derivatives, most notably interest rate and foreign currency hedging instruments.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 637 no How SpaceX Humiliated Wall Street Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleYesterday SpaceX became the largest company ever to go public, in an IPO that values Elon Musk's rocket-and-AI conglomerate at $1.78 trillion. But SpaceX is just the first. Anthropic and OpenAI have both filed to go public, Alphabet has just raised a record $85 billion in new stock, and Meta is reportedly considering doing the same. Goldman Sachs expects as much as $675 billion of new equity to hit the market this year.For two decades the stock market did nothing but shrink — companies stayed private, bought back their own shares, and got taken private by private equity, leaving less and less stock to go around. That era is now over. In this video I look at why all of this is happening at once, what the AI buildout has to do with it, why the SpaceX deal has been such an awkward experience for Wall Street, what the prospectus actually reveals about where the $75 billion is going, and whether any of it is a good investment — with a look back at what happened to people who bought Cisco at the top in 2000.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 04 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleYesterday SpaceX became the largest company ever to go public, in an IPO that values Elon Musk's rocket-and-AI conglomerate at $1.78 trillion. But SpaceX is just the first. Anthropic and OpenAI have both filed to go public, Alphabet has just raised a record $85 billion in new stock, and Meta is reportedly considering doing the same. Goldman Sachs expects as much as $675 billion of new equity to hit the market this year.For two decades the stock market did nothing but shrink — companies stayed private, bought back their own shares, and got taken private by private equity, leaving less and less stock to go around. That era is now over. In this video I look at why all of this is happening at once, what the AI buildout has to do with it, why the SpaceX deal has been such an awkward experience for Wall Street, what the prospectus actually reveals about where the $75 billion is going, and whether any of it is a good investment — with a look back at what happened to people who bought Cisco at the top in 2000.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

Yesterday SpaceX became the largest company ever to go public, in an IPO that values Elon Musk's rocket-and-AI conglomerate at $1.78 trillion. But SpaceX is just the first. Anthropic and OpenAI have both filed to go public, Alphabet has just raised a record $85 billion in new stock, and Meta is reportedly considering doing the same. Goldman Sachs expects as much as $675 billion of new equity to hit the market this year.

For two decades the stock market did nothing but shrink — companies stayed private, bought back their own shares, and got taken private by private equity, leaving less and less stock to go around. That era is now over. In this video I look at why all of this is happening at once, what the AI buildout has to do with it, why the SpaceX deal has been such an awkward experience for Wall Street, what the prospectus actually reveals about where the $75 billion is going, and whether any of it is a good investment — with a look back at what happened to people who bought Cisco at the top in 2000.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2600 no What is Backwardation and Contango in Futures Markets? What is Backwardation and Contango in Futures Markets?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleContango and backwardation are terms often used within commodity circles. These terms refer to the shape of the futures curve of a commodity such as gold, silver, wheat or crude oil. A futures curve can be plotted on a chart of a particular contract by using an X and Y axis. The X axis contains the various contract expiration dates while the Y axis contains the corresponding futures prices. A normal futures curve will show a rising slope as the prices of futures contracts rises in time. An inverted futures curve will show a falling slope as the prices of futures contracts falls over time.A contango market simply means that the futures contracts are trading at a premium to the spot price. For example, if the price of a crude oil contract today is $100 per barrel, but the price for delivery in six months is $110 per barrel, that market would be in contango. On the other hand, if crude oil is trading at $100 per barrel for delivery right now, and the six month contract is trading at $95 per barrel, then that market would be said to be in backwardation.Contango and backwardation are curve structures seen in futures markets based on several factors. It is important to remember that the futures price eventually converges on the spot price. In other words, any gaps between the futures price and the spot price will close as contract expiration nears.The shape of the futures curve is important to commodity hedgers and speculators. Both care about whether commodity futures markets are contango markets or normal backwardation markets. In 1993, the German company Metallgesellschaft famously lost more than $1 billion dollars, mostly because management deployed a hedging system that profited from normal backwardation markets but did not anticipate a shift to contango markets. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 04 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is Backwardation and Contango in Futures Markets?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleContango and backwardation are terms often used within commodity circles. These terms refer to the shape of the futures curve of a commodity such as gold, silver, wheat or crude oil. A futures curve can be plotted on a chart of a particular contract by using an X and Y axis. The X axis contains the various contract expiration dates while the Y axis contains the corresponding futures prices. A normal futures curve will show a rising slope as the prices of futures contracts rises in time. An inverted futures curve will show a falling slope as the prices of futures contracts falls over time.A contango market simply means that the futures contracts are trading at a premium to the spot price. For example, if the price of a crude oil contract today is $100 per barrel, but the price for delivery in six months is $110 per barrel, that market would be in contango. On the other hand, if crude oil is trading at $100 per barrel for delivery right now, and the six month contract is trading at $95 per barrel, then that market would be said to be in backwardation.Contango and backwardation are curve structures seen in futures markets based on several factors. It is important to remember that the futures price eventually converges on the spot price. In other words, any gaps between the futures price and the spot price will close as contract expiration nears.The shape of the futures curve is important to commodity hedgers and speculators. Both care about whether commodity futures markets are contango markets or normal backwardation markets. In 1993, the German company Metallgesellschaft famously lost more than $1 billion dollars, mostly because management deployed a hedging system that profited from normal backwardation markets but did not anticipate a shift to contango markets. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is Backwardation and Contango in Futures Markets?

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Contango and backwardation are terms often used within commodity circles. These terms refer to the shape of the futures curve of a commodity such as gold, silver, wheat or crude oil. A futures curve can be plotted on a chart of a particular contract by using an X and Y axis. The X axis contains the various contract expiration dates while the Y axis contains the corresponding futures prices. A normal futures curve will show a rising slope as the prices of futures contracts rises in time. An inverted futures curve will show a falling slope as the prices of futures contracts falls over time.

A contango market simply means that the futures contracts are trading at a premium to the spot price. For example, if the price of a crude oil contract today is $100 per barrel, but the price for delivery in six months is $110 per barrel, that market would be in contango. On the other hand, if crude oil is trading at $100 per barrel for delivery right now, and the six month contract is trading at $95 per barrel, then that market would be said to be in backwardation.

Contango and backwardation are curve structures seen in futures markets based on several factors. It is important to remember that the futures price eventually converges on the spot price. In other words, any gaps between the futures price and the spot price will close as contract expiration nears.

The shape of the futures curve is important to commodity hedgers and speculators. Both care about whether commodity futures markets are contango markets or normal backwardation markets. In 1993, the German company Metallgesellschaft famously lost more than $1 billion dollars, mostly because management deployed a hedging system that profited from normal backwardation markets but did not anticipate a shift to contango markets.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 464 no How to Lose a Global AI Monopoly in One Afternoon 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo! The all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try out Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/N0SLast week, shortly after Anthropic launched its most powerful AI models, the U.S. government imposed export controls restricting foreign nationals from accessing them - and rather than try to verify the citizenship of every user on the planet within ninety minutes, Anthropic shut the models down for everyone. In this video we look at what actually happened: the Commerce Department's "is informed" letter, the deemed-export rules that locked Anthropic's own engineers out of their work, the claim that the "national security threat" was essentially an AI fixing software bugs, and the awkward detail that the partner who reported it was Amazon - Anthropic's largest backer and a direct competitor. We also dig into why all of this matters for Anthropic's near-trillion-dollar valuation, the winner-takes-all assumptions behind frontier AI, the rise of cheap open-source Chinese models, and whether there's really any such thing as a monopoly on math.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 03 Jul 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo! The all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️. Try out Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/N0SLast week, shortly after Anthropic launched its most powerful AI models, the U.S. government imposed export controls restricting foreign nationals from accessing them - and rather than try to verify the citizenship of every user on the planet within ninety minutes, Anthropic shut the models down for everyone. In this video we look at what actually happened: the Commerce Department's "is informed" letter, the deemed-export rules that locked Anthropic's own engineers out of their work, the claim that the "national security threat" was essentially an AI fixing software bugs, and the awkward detail that the partner who reported it was Amazon - Anthropic's largest backer and a direct competitor. We also dig into why all of this matters for Anthropic's near-trillion-dollar valuation, the winner-takes-all assumptions behind frontier AI, the rise of cheap open-source Chinese models, and whether there's really any such thing as a monopoly on math.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices 🚀 Streamline your entire business with Odoo! The all-in-one, easy-to-use ERP platform that centralizes, automates, and scales your operations from sales and accounting to inventory and eCommerce 📈⚙️.

Try out Odoo for 15 days (no credit card required) 👉🏻 https://www.odoo.com/r/N0S

Last week, shortly after Anthropic launched its most powerful AI models, the U.S. government imposed export controls restricting foreign nationals from accessing them - and rather than try to verify the citizenship of every user on the planet within ninety minutes, Anthropic shut the models down for everyone. In this video we look at what actually happened: the Commerce Department's "is informed" letter, the deemed-export rules that locked Anthropic's own engineers out of their work, the claim that the "national security threat" was essentially an AI fixing software bugs, and the awkward detail that the partner who reported it was Amazon - Anthropic's largest backer and a direct competitor. We also dig into why all of this matters for Anthropic's near-trillion-dollar valuation, the winner-takes-all assumptions behind frontier AI, the rise of cheap open-source Chinese models, and whether there's really any such thing as a monopoly on math.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1973 no Convenience Yield Today we will learn in financial futures what is convenience yield?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIn Financial Futures, what is convenience yield?A convenience yield is the benefit or premium associated with holding an underlying product or physical good, rather than the associated derivative security or contract. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 02 Jul 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Today we will learn in financial futures what is convenience yield?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleIn Financial Futures, what is convenience yield?A convenience yield is the benefit or premium associated with holding an underlying product or physical good, rather than the associated derivative security or contract. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Today we will learn in financial futures what is convenience yield?

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

In Financial Futures, what is convenience yield?

A convenience yield is the benefit or premium associated with holding an underlying product or physical good, rather than the associated derivative security or contract.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 629 no Brexit, 10 Years On: What It Actually Cost Britain Protect your privacy on the cellular level with Cape at https://cape.co/patrickboyle0626 Use code PATRICKBOYLE33 at checkout for 33% off your first 6 months.Ten years on from the 2016 Brexit referendum, the UK is about to appoint its seventh Prime Minister in a decade — so was Brexit worth it? In this video we break down the real economic impact of Brexit: how much it actually cost the UK economy, why the doom-laden Treasury forecasts and the Leave campaign's £350 million NHS bus were both wrong, and what the data really shows about GDP, trade, the City of London, and business investment. We dig into the goods-versus-services split, why the people who voted Leave were hit hardest while the metropolitan elites worked around it, the great post-Brexit immigration paradox and the "Boriswave," whether Britain is really "poorer than Mississippi," and why both Brexit and the new "Rejoin" campaign rely on the same magical thinking. Finally, we look at Brexit as a global turning point — the first crack in the post-Cold-War order — and ask why ten years of arguing about Europe distracted Britain from the domestic problems actually driving its economic stagnation. Featuring research from the NBER, the OBR, the Bank of England, The Economist, the Financial Times and The Atlantic.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 01 Jul 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Protect your privacy on the cellular level with Cape at https://cape.co/patrickboyle0626 Use code PATRICKBOYLE33 at checkout for 33% off your first 6 months.Ten years on from the 2016 Brexit referendum, the UK is about to appoint its seventh Prime Minister in a decade — so was Brexit worth it? In this video we break down the real economic impact of Brexit: how much it actually cost the UK economy, why the doom-laden Treasury forecasts and the Leave campaign's £350 million NHS bus were both wrong, and what the data really shows about GDP, trade, the City of London, and business investment. We dig into the goods-versus-services split, why the people who voted Leave were hit hardest while the metropolitan elites worked around it, the great post-Brexit immigration paradox and the "Boriswave," whether Britain is really "poorer than Mississippi," and why both Brexit and the new "Rejoin" campaign rely on the same magical thinking. Finally, we look at Brexit as a global turning point — the first crack in the post-Cold-War order — and ask why ten years of arguing about Europe distracted Britain from the domestic problems actually driving its economic stagnation. Featuring research from the NBER, the OBR, the Bank of England, The Economist, the Financial Times and The Atlantic.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Protect your privacy on the cellular level with Cape at https://cape.co/patrickboyle0626 Use code PATRICKBOYLE33 at checkout for 33% off your first 6 months.

Ten years on from the 2016 Brexit referendum, the UK is about to appoint its seventh Prime Minister in a decade — so was Brexit worth it? In this video we break down the real economic impact of Brexit: how much it actually cost the UK economy, why the doom-laden Treasury forecasts and the Leave campaign's £350 million NHS bus were both wrong, and what the data really shows about GDP, trade, the City of London, and business investment. We dig into the goods-versus-services split, why the people who voted Leave were hit hardest while the metropolitan elites worked around it, the great post-Brexit immigration paradox and the "Boriswave," whether Britain is really "poorer than Mississippi," and why both Brexit and the new "Rejoin" campaign rely on the same magical thinking. Finally, we look at Brexit as a global turning point — the first crack in the post-Cold-War order — and ask why ten years of arguing about Europe distracted Britain from the domestic problems actually driving its economic stagnation. Featuring research from the NBER, the OBR, the Bank of England, The Economist, the Financial Times and The Atlantic.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2510 no Pricing Financial Futures (Part 2 of 2) Today we will learn about pricing financial futuresThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePricing Futures: When the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created, then the price of a futures contract is determined via arbitrage arguments. This is typical for stock index futures, treasury bond futures, and futures on physical commodities when they are in supply. When the deliverable commodity is not in plentiful supply or when it does not yet exist — for example on crops before the harvest or on Eurodollar Futures or Federal funds rate futures (in which the supposed underlying instrument is to be created upon the delivery date) — the futures price cannot be fixed by arbitrage. In this scenario there is only one force setting the price, which is simple supply and demand for the asset in the future, as expressed by supply and demand for the futures contract. Make sure you also watch the video on Convenience Yield being released tomorrow. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Today we will learn about pricing financial futuresThese classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePricing Futures: When the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created, then the price of a futures contract is determined via arbitrage arguments. This is typical for stock index futures, treasury bond futures, and futures on physical commodities when they are in supply. When the deliverable commodity is not in plentiful supply or when it does not yet exist — for example on crops before the harvest or on Eurodollar Futures or Federal funds rate futures (in which the supposed underlying instrument is to be created upon the delivery date) — the futures price cannot be fixed by arbitrage. In this scenario there is only one force setting the price, which is simple supply and demand for the asset in the future, as expressed by supply and demand for the futures contract. Make sure you also watch the video on Convenience Yield being released tomorrow. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Today we will learn about pricing financial futures

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Pricing Futures: When the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created, then the price of a futures contract is determined via arbitrage arguments. This is typical for stock index futures, treasury bond futures, and futures on physical commodities when they are in supply.

When the deliverable commodity is not in plentiful supply or when it does not yet exist — for example on crops before the harvest or on Eurodollar Futures or Federal funds rate futures (in which the supposed underlying instrument is to be created upon the delivery date) — the futures price cannot be fixed by arbitrage. In this scenario there is only one force setting the price, which is simple supply and demand for the asset in the future, as expressed by supply and demand for the futures contract.

Make sure you also watch the video on Convenience Yield being released tomorrow.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 630 no The Real Reason European Cars Can't Compete Taking care of your health just got easier, thanks to my sponsor Zocdoc! Start here at: https://zocdoc.com/partickboyleEurope's automotive industry is facing a historic crisis as Volkswagen weighs unprecedented factory closures and massive job cuts. However, the root of the problem isn't just high energy costs or European bureaucracy—it's China Shock 2.0. With Chinese electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers building cars significantly faster and for thousands of euros less, traditional German automakers are rapidly losing market share both at home and abroad. This video analyzes the structural trade imbalances flooding the market with subsidized EVs, explains why laying off workers won't solve Volkswagen's €6,000 per-car cost gap, and examines whether new European Union tariffs will protect domestic manufacturing or simply trigger a costly global trade war.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 30 Jun 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Taking care of your health just got easier, thanks to my sponsor Zocdoc! Start here at: https://zocdoc.com/partickboyleEurope's automotive industry is facing a historic crisis as Volkswagen weighs unprecedented factory closures and massive job cuts. However, the root of the problem isn't just high energy costs or European bureaucracy—it's China Shock 2.0. With Chinese electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers building cars significantly faster and for thousands of euros less, traditional German automakers are rapidly losing market share both at home and abroad. This video analyzes the structural trade imbalances flooding the market with subsidized EVs, explains why laying off workers won't solve Volkswagen's €6,000 per-car cost gap, and examines whether new European Union tariffs will protect domestic manufacturing or simply trigger a costly global trade war.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Taking care of your health just got easier, thanks to my sponsor Zocdoc! Start here at: https://zocdoc.com/partickboyle

Europe's automotive industry is facing a historic crisis as Volkswagen weighs unprecedented factory closures and massive job cuts. However, the root of the problem isn't just high energy costs or European bureaucracy—it's China Shock 2.0. With Chinese electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers building cars significantly faster and for thousands of euros less, traditional German automakers are rapidly losing market share both at home and abroad. This video analyzes the structural trade imbalances flooding the market with subsidized EVs, explains why laying off workers won't solve Volkswagen's €6,000 per-car cost gap, and examines whether new European Union tariffs will protect domestic manufacturing or simply trigger a costly global trade war.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 1815 no Pricing Financial Futures (Part 1 of 2) These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePricing Futures: When the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created, then the price of a futures contract is determined via arbitrage arguments. This is typical for stock index futures, treasury bond futures, and futures on physical commodities when they are in supply. When the deliverable commodity is not in plentiful supply or when it does not yet exist — for example on crops before the harvest or on Eurodollar Futures or Federal funds rate futures (in which the supposed underlying instrument is to be created upon the delivery date) — the futures price cannot be fixed by arbitrage. In this scenario there is only one force setting the price, which is simple supply and demand for the asset in the future, as expressed by supply and demand for the futures contract. See part two of pricing futures for adjustments to the formula that we learn in this video.Make sure you also watch the video on Convenience Yield being released tomorrow. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 29 Jun 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoylePricing Futures: When the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created, then the price of a futures contract is determined via arbitrage arguments. This is typical for stock index futures, treasury bond futures, and futures on physical commodities when they are in supply. When the deliverable commodity is not in plentiful supply or when it does not yet exist — for example on crops before the harvest or on Eurodollar Futures or Federal funds rate futures (in which the supposed underlying instrument is to be created upon the delivery date) — the futures price cannot be fixed by arbitrage. In this scenario there is only one force setting the price, which is simple supply and demand for the asset in the future, as expressed by supply and demand for the futures contract. See part two of pricing futures for adjustments to the formula that we learn in this video.Make sure you also watch the video on Convenience Yield being released tomorrow. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Pricing Futures: When the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created, then the price of a futures contract is determined via arbitrage arguments. This is typical for stock index futures, treasury bond futures, and futures on physical commodities when they are in supply.

When the deliverable commodity is not in plentiful supply or when it does not yet exist — for example on crops before the harvest or on Eurodollar Futures or Federal funds rate futures (in which the supposed underlying instrument is to be created upon the delivery date) — the futures price cannot be fixed by arbitrage. In this scenario there is only one force setting the price, which is simple supply and demand for the asset in the future, as expressed by supply and demand for the futures contract. See part two of pricing futures for adjustments to the formula that we learn in this video.

Make sure you also watch the video on Convenience Yield being released tomorrow.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 939 no Is Russia Actually Losing? Go to http://ground.news/pb for a better way to stay informed. Subscribe for 40% off unlimited access to worldwide coverage through my link.Russia's war economy is running out of road. Ukrainian drone strikes have knocked out roughly a third of Russia's oil refining capacity, forcing an energy superpower to ration petrol at home and import gasoline from India — while Crimea sits under a state of emergency with the air-raid sirens switched off so the tourists aren't disturbed. In this video we look at what the numbers actually say: a contracting economy despite record military spending, a National Wealth Fund down from 6.5% of GDP to 1.8%, a first-quarter budget deficit that blew through the entire year's target in ninety days, and a banking system quietly commandeered to keep the tank factories running. We look at how China has turned the "no limits" partnership into a very one-sided arrangement, why Europe's largest rearmament since the Cold War sent defence stocks down, whether Europe actually needs expensive American fighter jets or is simply paying tribute to Washington — and what the Russian endgame realistically looks like, according to a Russian billionaire who is not a dissident. Featuring the Kiel Institute's "Endgame" report, Tucker Carlson's demon, and the parade Vladimir Putin had to get Zelensky's permission to hold.Most of the economic figures in this video came from the Kiel Institute paper - Endgame: Russia’s war economy hits its limits. https://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/endgame-russias-war-economy-hits-its-limits/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 28 Jun 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Go to http://ground.news/pb for a better way to stay informed. Subscribe for 40% off unlimited access to worldwide coverage through my link.Russia's war economy is running out of road. Ukrainian drone strikes have knocked out roughly a third of Russia's oil refining capacity, forcing an energy superpower to ration petrol at home and import gasoline from India — while Crimea sits under a state of emergency with the air-raid sirens switched off so the tourists aren't disturbed. In this video we look at what the numbers actually say: a contracting economy despite record military spending, a National Wealth Fund down from 6.5% of GDP to 1.8%, a first-quarter budget deficit that blew through the entire year's target in ninety days, and a banking system quietly commandeered to keep the tank factories running. We look at how China has turned the "no limits" partnership into a very one-sided arrangement, why Europe's largest rearmament since the Cold War sent defence stocks down, whether Europe actually needs expensive American fighter jets or is simply paying tribute to Washington — and what the Russian endgame realistically looks like, according to a Russian billionaire who is not a dissident. Featuring the Kiel Institute's "Endgame" report, Tucker Carlson's demon, and the parade Vladimir Putin had to get Zelensky's permission to hold.Most of the economic figures in this video came from the Kiel Institute paper - Endgame: Russia’s war economy hits its limits. https://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/endgame-russias-war-economy-hits-its-limits/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Go to http://ground.news/pb for a better way to stay informed. Subscribe for 40% off unlimited access to worldwide coverage through my link.

Russia's war economy is running out of road. Ukrainian drone strikes have knocked out roughly a third of Russia's oil refining capacity, forcing an energy superpower to ration petrol at home and import gasoline from India — while Crimea sits under a state of emergency with the air-raid sirens switched off so the tourists aren't disturbed. In this video we look at what the numbers actually say: a contracting economy despite record military spending, a National Wealth Fund down from 6.5% of GDP to 1.8%, a first-quarter budget deficit that blew through the entire year's target in ninety days, and a banking system quietly commandeered to keep the tank factories running. We look at how China has turned the "no limits" partnership into a very one-sided arrangement, why Europe's largest rearmament since the Cold War sent defence stocks down, whether Europe actually needs expensive American fighter jets or is simply paying tribute to Washington — and what the Russian endgame realistically looks like, according to a Russian billionaire who is not a dissident. Featuring the Kiel Institute's "Endgame" report, Tucker Carlson's demon, and the parade Vladimir Putin had to get Zelensky's permission to hold.

Most of the economic figures in this video came from the Kiel Institute paper - Endgame: Russia’s war economy hits its limits. https://www.kielinstitut.de/publications/news/endgame-russias-war-economy-hits-its-limits/

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2292 no What is a Derivatives Clearing House? What do they do? What is a Derivatives Clearing House? What do they do?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleAfter legally-binding trade between a buyer and a seller, the role of the clearing house is to centralize and standardize all of the steps leading up to the settlement of the transaction. The purpose is to reduce the cost, settlement risk and operational risk of clearing and settling multiple transactions among multiple parties. In addition to the above services, central counterparty clearing (CCP) takes on counterparty risk by stepping in between the original buyer and seller of a financial contract, such as a derivative. The role of the CCP is to perform the obligations under the contract agreed between the two counterparties, thereby removing the counterparty risk the parties of the contract had to each other and replacing it with counterparty risk to a highly regulated central counterparty that specializes in managing and mitigating counterparty risk. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 28 Jun 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is a Derivatives Clearing House? What do they do?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleAfter legally-binding trade between a buyer and a seller, the role of the clearing house is to centralize and standardize all of the steps leading up to the settlement of the transaction. The purpose is to reduce the cost, settlement risk and operational risk of clearing and settling multiple transactions among multiple parties. In addition to the above services, central counterparty clearing (CCP) takes on counterparty risk by stepping in between the original buyer and seller of a financial contract, such as a derivative. The role of the CCP is to perform the obligations under the contract agreed between the two counterparties, thereby removing the counterparty risk the parties of the contract had to each other and replacing it with counterparty risk to a highly regulated central counterparty that specializes in managing and mitigating counterparty risk. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is a Derivatives Clearing House? What do they do?

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

After legally-binding trade between a buyer and a seller, the role of the clearing house is to centralize and standardize all of the steps leading up to the settlement of the transaction. The purpose is to reduce the cost, settlement risk and operational risk of clearing and settling multiple transactions among multiple parties.

In addition to the above services, central counterparty clearing (CCP) takes on counterparty risk by stepping in between the original buyer and seller of a financial contract, such as a derivative. The role of the CCP is to perform the obligations under the contract agreed between the two counterparties, thereby removing the counterparty risk the parties of the contract had to each other and replacing it with counterparty risk to a highly regulated central counterparty that specializes in managing and mitigating counterparty risk.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 445 no How to Be Right and Lose Everything Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleSouth Korea has the best performing stock market in the world for the second year running — and it's also in the middle of one of the worst bear markets on earth. The KOSPI is down around 27% from its June peak, more than 1.2 million retail accounts have been hit with margin calls, and hundreds of thousands of Korean investors have been wiped out entirely. But this isn't a story about meme stocks or worthless companies. Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are enormously profitable businesses at the center of the global AI boom, and the traders buying them were right about the trend. In this video I look at how a national stock index became a two-stock bet on artificial intelligence, how single-stock leveraged ETFs turned ordinary volatility into a mechanical feedback loop, why Korea's retail "ants" took on so much leverage in the first place, and what Victor Haghani's famous biased-coin experiment tells us about how you can be completely right about a market and still lose everything.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 27 Jun 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyleSouth Korea has the best performing stock market in the world for the second year running — and it's also in the middle of one of the worst bear markets on earth. The KOSPI is down around 27% from its June peak, more than 1.2 million retail accounts have been hit with margin calls, and hundreds of thousands of Korean investors have been wiped out entirely. But this isn't a story about meme stocks or worthless companies. Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are enormously profitable businesses at the center of the global AI boom, and the traders buying them were right about the trend. In this video I look at how a national stock index became a two-stock bet on artificial intelligence, how single-stock leveraged ETFs turned ordinary volatility into a mechanical feedback loop, why Korea's retail "ants" took on so much leverage in the first place, and what Victor Haghani's famous biased-coin experiment tells us about how you can be completely right about a market and still lose everything.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Get an exclusive 15% discount on Saily data plans! Use code BOYLE at checkout. Download Saily app or go to https://saily.com/boyle

South Korea has the best performing stock market in the world for the second year running — and it's also in the middle of one of the worst bear markets on earth. The KOSPI is down around 27% from its June peak, more than 1.2 million retail accounts have been hit with margin calls, and hundreds of thousands of Korean investors have been wiped out entirely. But this isn't a story about meme stocks or worthless companies. Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are enormously profitable businesses at the center of the global AI boom, and the traders buying them were right about the trend. In this video I look at how a national stock index became a two-stock bet on artificial intelligence, how single-stock leveraged ETFs turned ordinary volatility into a mechanical feedback loop, why Korea's retail "ants" took on so much leverage in the first place, and what Victor Haghani's famous biased-coin experiment tells us about how you can be completely right about a market and still lose everything.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2511 no What is Futures Margin? - What Is It? How Does It Work? What is Futures Margin? - What Is It? How Does It Work?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleMargin is a critical concept for those trading futures and derivatives in all asset classes. Futures margin is a good-faith deposit or an amount of capital one needs to post or deposit to control a futures contract. The margin is a down payment on the full contract value of a futures contract. Futures exchanges determine and set futures margin rates. At times, brokerage companies will add an extra premium to the minimum exchange margin rate to lower risk exposure. The margin is set based on the risk of market volatility. When market volatility moves higher in a futures market margin rates rise. When trading stocks, there is a simpler margin arrangement than in the futures market. The equity market allows participants to trade on up to 50% margin. Therefore, one can buy or sell up to $100,000 worth of stock for $50,000.Margin Rate for Future Contracts In the world of futures contracts, the margin rate is much lower. In a typical futures contract, the margin rate varies between 5 and 15% of the total contract value. Initial Futures Margin is the amount of money that is required to open a buy or sell position on a futures contract.Initial margin is original margin, the amount posted when the original trade takes place.Margin Maintenance or Variation MarginMargin Maintenance is the amount of money necessary when a loss on a futures position requires one to allocate more funds to return the margin to the initial or original margin level. Closing or liquidating a position eliminates the margin call requirement. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 26 Jun 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is Futures Margin? - What Is It? How Does It Work?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleMargin is a critical concept for those trading futures and derivatives in all asset classes. Futures margin is a good-faith deposit or an amount of capital one needs to post or deposit to control a futures contract. The margin is a down payment on the full contract value of a futures contract. Futures exchanges determine and set futures margin rates. At times, brokerage companies will add an extra premium to the minimum exchange margin rate to lower risk exposure. The margin is set based on the risk of market volatility. When market volatility moves higher in a futures market margin rates rise. When trading stocks, there is a simpler margin arrangement than in the futures market. The equity market allows participants to trade on up to 50% margin. Therefore, one can buy or sell up to $100,000 worth of stock for $50,000.Margin Rate for Future Contracts In the world of futures contracts, the margin rate is much lower. In a typical futures contract, the margin rate varies between 5 and 15% of the total contract value. Initial Futures Margin is the amount of money that is required to open a buy or sell position on a futures contract.Initial margin is original margin, the amount posted when the original trade takes place.Margin Maintenance or Variation MarginMargin Maintenance is the amount of money necessary when a loss on a futures position requires one to allocate more funds to return the margin to the initial or original margin level. Closing or liquidating a position eliminates the margin call requirement. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is Futures Margin? - What Is It? How Does It Work?

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Margin is a critical concept for those trading futures and derivatives in all asset classes. Futures margin is a good-faith deposit or an amount of capital one needs to post or deposit to control a futures contract. The margin is a down payment on the full contract value of a futures contract.

Futures exchanges determine and set futures margin rates. At times, brokerage companies will add an extra premium to the minimum exchange margin rate to lower risk exposure. The margin is set based on the risk of market volatility. When market volatility moves higher in a futures market margin rates rise. When trading stocks, there is a simpler margin arrangement than in the futures market. The equity market allows participants to trade on up to 50% margin. Therefore, one can buy or sell up to $100,000 worth of stock for $50,000.

Margin Rate for Future Contracts
In the world of futures contracts, the margin rate is much lower. In a typical futures contract, the margin rate varies between 5 and 15% of the total contract value.

Initial Futures Margin is the amount of money that is required to open a buy or sell position on a futures contract.

Initial margin is original margin, the amount posted when the original trade takes place.

Margin Maintenance or Variation Margin
Margin Maintenance is the amount of money necessary when a loss on a futures position requires one to allocate more funds to return the margin to the initial or original margin level. Closing or liquidating a position eliminates the margin call requirement.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 550 no Where is Venezuela’s oil money? If you’re looking to upgrade your business wardrobe, I can recommend giving Tailor Store a try. Their shirts are made to your measurements, so you can create something that fits both your body and your personal style. My viewers receive 25% off their first order through my link: https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyleWhen the United States took control of Venezuela's oil exports in early 2026, it collected an estimated $13 billion in crude sales — but the official ledger in Caracas records almost none of it, and six months on there is still no public accounting of where the money went. In this video we look at what happened to Venezuela's sovereign wealth: the missing oil revenues now sitting in an offshore account in Qatar, the four billion dollars of Venezuelan gold frozen in the vaults of the Bank of England that no one can legally claim, and the court-ordered auction that handed Citgo's parent company to an affiliate of Paul Singer's Elliott Management for nearly $6 billion. Along the way we explain the legal machinery that makes all of this possible — the alter ego doctrine, sovereign immunity and the Bancec ruling, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, and the "one voice" principle in English law — and the broader lesson for anyone trying to understand sovereign assets: a nation's wealth held abroad is only yours for as long as someone else's courts, banks and vaults agree that it is. We also cover the aftermath of the June earthquakes, the international relief effort, and why the question of who legitimately governs Venezuela sits at the centre of every one of these disputes.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 25 Jun 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle If you’re looking to upgrade your business wardrobe, I can recommend giving Tailor Store a try. Their shirts are made to your measurements, so you can create something that fits both your body and your personal style. My viewers receive 25% off their first order through my link: https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyleWhen the United States took control of Venezuela's oil exports in early 2026, it collected an estimated $13 billion in crude sales — but the official ledger in Caracas records almost none of it, and six months on there is still no public accounting of where the money went. In this video we look at what happened to Venezuela's sovereign wealth: the missing oil revenues now sitting in an offshore account in Qatar, the four billion dollars of Venezuelan gold frozen in the vaults of the Bank of England that no one can legally claim, and the court-ordered auction that handed Citgo's parent company to an affiliate of Paul Singer's Elliott Management for nearly $6 billion. Along the way we explain the legal machinery that makes all of this possible — the alter ego doctrine, sovereign immunity and the Bancec ruling, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, and the "one voice" principle in English law — and the broader lesson for anyone trying to understand sovereign assets: a nation's wealth held abroad is only yours for as long as someone else's courts, banks and vaults agree that it is. We also cover the aftermath of the June earthquakes, the international relief effort, and why the question of who legitimately governs Venezuela sits at the centre of every one of these disputes.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices If you’re looking to upgrade your business wardrobe, I can recommend giving Tailor Store a try. Their shirts are made to your measurements, so you can create something that fits both your body and your personal style. My viewers receive 25% off their first order through my link: https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle

When the United States took control of Venezuela's oil exports in early 2026, it collected an estimated $13 billion in crude sales — but the official ledger in Caracas records almost none of it, and six months on there is still no public accounting of where the money went. In this video we look at what happened to Venezuela's sovereign wealth: the missing oil revenues now sitting in an offshore account in Qatar, the four billion dollars of Venezuelan gold frozen in the vaults of the Bank of England that no one can legally claim, and the court-ordered auction that handed Citgo's parent company to an affiliate of Paul Singer's Elliott Management for nearly $6 billion. Along the way we explain the legal machinery that makes all of this possible — the alter ego doctrine, sovereign immunity and the Bancec ruling, the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act, and the "one voice" principle in English law — and the broader lesson for anyone trying to understand sovereign assets: a nation's wealth held abroad is only yours for as long as someone else's courts, banks and vaults agree that it is. We also cover the aftermath of the June earthquakes, the international relief effort, and why the question of who legitimately governs Venezuela sits at the centre of every one of these disputes.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
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Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2534 no Financial Futures Payoff Diagrams Financial Futures Payoff DiagramsIn This Video we look at the payoff diagrams of being long and short futures contracts and how this might differ from being long and short the underlying. We learn a bit about how an investor shorts a given underlying and why it might be more efficient to short a futures contract.In later videos we will learn about options payoff diagrams, in order to understand those diagrams it is important to understand what is being said in these much simpler diagrams.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleA futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties, to trade an asset at a specified price at a specified future date. The seller will deliver the underlying and the buyer will take delivery of the underlying and pay the agreed-upon price. The price that is agreed on is known as the future price or the delivery price and is determined when the contract is entered into. Since the price of the future is dependent on the price of the asset, this is a derivative instrument.A futures contract is very similar to a forward contract. However, the futures market evolved to reduce the illiquidity and counter-party risk of forward contracts. A clearing house acts as the middleman, which performs the trade with both the buyer and seller. Clearinghouses overcome the potential credit risk by requiring the participants to put up an initial amount of cash, known as the initial margin. Futures positions are marked to market, and if there are insufficient funds, the exchange will require an additional maintenance margin, or is allowed to immediately liquidate the position. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 25 Jun 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Financial Futures Payoff DiagramsIn This Video we look at the payoff diagrams of being long and short futures contracts and how this might differ from being long and short the underlying. We learn a bit about how an investor shorts a given underlying and why it might be more efficient to short a futures contract.In later videos we will learn about options payoff diagrams, in order to understand those diagrams it is important to understand what is being said in these much simpler diagrams.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyleA futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties, to trade an asset at a specified price at a specified future date. The seller will deliver the underlying and the buyer will take delivery of the underlying and pay the agreed-upon price. The price that is agreed on is known as the future price or the delivery price and is determined when the contract is entered into. Since the price of the future is dependent on the price of the asset, this is a derivative instrument.A futures contract is very similar to a forward contract. However, the futures market evolved to reduce the illiquidity and counter-party risk of forward contracts. A clearing house acts as the middleman, which performs the trade with both the buyer and seller. Clearinghouses overcome the potential credit risk by requiring the participants to put up an initial amount of cash, known as the initial margin. Futures positions are marked to market, and if there are insufficient funds, the exchange will require an additional maintenance margin, or is allowed to immediately liquidate the position. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Financial Futures Payoff Diagrams
In This Video we look at the payoff diagrams of being long and short futures contracts and how this might differ from being long and short the underlying. We learn a bit about how an investor shorts a given underlying and why it might be more efficient to short a futures contract.

In later videos we will learn about options payoff diagrams, in order to understand those diagrams it is important to understand what is being said in these much simpler diagrams.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

A futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties, to trade an asset at a specified price at a specified future date. The seller will deliver the underlying and the buyer will take delivery of the underlying and pay the agreed-upon price. The price that is agreed on is known as the future price or the delivery price and is determined when the contract is entered into. Since the price of the future is dependent on the price of the asset, this is a derivative instrument.

A futures contract is very similar to a forward contract. However, the futures market evolved to reduce the illiquidity and counter-party risk of forward contracts. A clearing house acts as the middleman, which performs the trade with both the buyer and seller. Clearinghouses overcome the potential credit risk by requiring the participants to put up an initial amount of cash, known as the initial margin. Futures positions are marked to market, and if there are insufficient funds, the exchange will require an additional maintenance margin, or is allowed to immediately liquidate the position.

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 583 no Why Wall Street is Ignoring Big Tech's Debt Start your own store with #printify: https://try.printify.com/72vgyfrvedkqThe first 100 people who use the code PATRICK will get 15% off their first order!Nikkei Asia recently reported that the five biggest US tech companies are carrying an estimated $1.65 trillion in "hidden," off-balance-sheet debt — and a lot of commentators have reached for the word "Enron" to describe the issue. In this video I look at whether that comparison holds up. It doesn't: unlike Enron, this debt isn't concealed through fraud — it's disclosed in the footnotes, it breaks no accounting rules, and much of what is going on is perfectly ordinary. But that raises a more interesting question than "will they get caught." If the aggressive stuff — the adjusted earnings, the leases, the stock-based compensation added back — is all sitting there in plain sight, does dressing up the numbers actually fool anyone? Drawing on the work of Aswath Damodaran, Richard Sloan, Robert Bloomfield and others, I dig into what the research says about whether markets reward clean accounting or aggressive accounting, why the debt isn't hidden so much as filed somewhere too tedious for most people to read — and why the real risk in the AI boom probably isn't the borrowing at all, but the enormous revenue it's all assuming will show up.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Wed, 24 Jun 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Start your own store with #printify: https://try.printify.com/72vgyfrvedkqThe first 100 people who use the code PATRICK will get 15% off their first order!Nikkei Asia recently reported that the five biggest US tech companies are carrying an estimated $1.65 trillion in "hidden," off-balance-sheet debt — and a lot of commentators have reached for the word "Enron" to describe the issue. In this video I look at whether that comparison holds up. It doesn't: unlike Enron, this debt isn't concealed through fraud — it's disclosed in the footnotes, it breaks no accounting rules, and much of what is going on is perfectly ordinary. But that raises a more interesting question than "will they get caught." If the aggressive stuff — the adjusted earnings, the leases, the stock-based compensation added back — is all sitting there in plain sight, does dressing up the numbers actually fool anyone? Drawing on the work of Aswath Damodaran, Richard Sloan, Robert Bloomfield and others, I dig into what the research says about whether markets reward clean accounting or aggressive accounting, why the debt isn't hidden so much as filed somewhere too tedious for most people to read — and why the real risk in the AI boom probably isn't the borrowing at all, but the enormous revenue it's all assuming will show up.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Start your own store with #printify: https://try.printify.com/72vgyfrvedkq
The first 100 people who use the code PATRICK will get 15% off their first order!

Nikkei Asia recently reported that the five biggest US tech companies are carrying an estimated $1.65 trillion in "hidden," off-balance-sheet debt — and a lot of commentators have reached for the word "Enron" to describe the issue. In this video I look at whether that comparison holds up. It doesn't: unlike Enron, this debt isn't concealed through fraud — it's disclosed in the footnotes, it breaks no accounting rules, and much of what is going on is perfectly ordinary. But that raises a more interesting question than "will they get caught." If the aggressive stuff — the adjusted earnings, the leases, the stock-based compensation added back — is all sitting there in plain sight, does dressing up the numbers actually fool anyone? Drawing on the work of Aswath Damodaran, Richard Sloan, Robert Bloomfield and others, I dig into what the research says about whether markets reward clean accounting or aggressive accounting, why the debt isn't hidden so much as filed somewhere too tedious for most people to read — and why the real risk in the AI boom probably isn't the borrowing at all, but the enormous revenue it's all assuming will show up.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2185 no What is a Forward Contract? What is a Forward Contract?In finance, a forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or to sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon today. The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future assumes a long position, and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future assumes a short position. The price agreed upon is called the delivery price, which is equal to the forward price at the time the contract is entered into.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Tue, 23 Jun 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What is a Forward Contract?In finance, a forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or to sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon today. The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future assumes a long position, and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future assumes a short position. The price agreed upon is called the delivery price, which is equal to the forward price at the time the contract is entered into.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What is a Forward Contract?
In finance, a forward contract or simply a forward is a non-standardized contract between two parties to buy or to sell an asset at a specified future time at a price agreed upon today. The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future assumes a long position, and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future assumes a short position. The price agreed upon is called the delivery price, which is equal to the forward price at the time the contract is entered into.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 390 no We Need To Talk About Leopold Taking care of your health just got easier, thanks to my sponsor Zocdoc! Start here at: https://zocdoc.com/patrickboyleLast week, 24-year-old Leopold Aschenbrenner — former FTX staffer, ex-OpenAI researcher, and author of the viral 165-page essay "Situational Awareness" — managed to lose roughly two-thirds of his $45 billion hedge fund in a matter of weeks. The margin calls arrived during his wedding weekend.In this video I break down how a trader with no professional experience raised billions from Silicon Valley, why his AI "hedge" wasn't a hedge at all, and how leverage plus a concentrated bet on artificial intelligence stocks turned a great-looking expected return into a catastrophic outcome. Along the way we look at the cultural gap between Silicon Valley and Wall Street, why Ken Griffin's Citadel ended up buying the collapsing portfolio in an overnight fire sale, and the maths of volatility drag — the reason a high expected return can still drag an investor's typical outcome straight into the ground.It's a story about leverage, risk management, expected versus median returns, and what happens when you go "full Kelly." Featuring reporting from the Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Bloomberg, and the Financial Times, plus Victor Haghani's lessons from The Missing Billionaires.Victor Haghani - The Missing Billionaires book: https://amzn.to/4fQUEEBElm Wealth Website: https://elmwealth.com/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 22 Jun 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Taking care of your health just got easier, thanks to my sponsor Zocdoc! Start here at: https://zocdoc.com/patrickboyleLast week, 24-year-old Leopold Aschenbrenner — former FTX staffer, ex-OpenAI researcher, and author of the viral 165-page essay "Situational Awareness" — managed to lose roughly two-thirds of his $45 billion hedge fund in a matter of weeks. The margin calls arrived during his wedding weekend.In this video I break down how a trader with no professional experience raised billions from Silicon Valley, why his AI "hedge" wasn't a hedge at all, and how leverage plus a concentrated bet on artificial intelligence stocks turned a great-looking expected return into a catastrophic outcome. Along the way we look at the cultural gap between Silicon Valley and Wall Street, why Ken Griffin's Citadel ended up buying the collapsing portfolio in an overnight fire sale, and the maths of volatility drag — the reason a high expected return can still drag an investor's typical outcome straight into the ground.It's a story about leverage, risk management, expected versus median returns, and what happens when you go "full Kelly." Featuring reporting from the Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Bloomberg, and the Financial Times, plus Victor Haghani's lessons from The Missing Billionaires.Victor Haghani - The Missing Billionaires book: https://amzn.to/4fQUEEBElm Wealth Website: https://elmwealth.com/Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Taking care of your health just got easier, thanks to my sponsor Zocdoc! Start here at: https://zocdoc.com/patrickboyle

Last week, 24-year-old Leopold Aschenbrenner — former FTX staffer, ex-OpenAI researcher, and author of the viral 165-page essay "Situational Awareness" — managed to lose roughly two-thirds of his $45 billion hedge fund in a matter of weeks. The margin calls arrived during his wedding weekend.

In this video I break down how a trader with no professional experience raised billions from Silicon Valley, why his AI "hedge" wasn't a hedge at all, and how leverage plus a concentrated bet on artificial intelligence stocks turned a great-looking expected return into a catastrophic outcome. Along the way we look at the cultural gap between Silicon Valley and Wall Street, why Ken Griffin's Citadel ended up buying the collapsing portfolio in an overnight fire sale, and the maths of volatility drag — the reason a high expected return can still drag an investor's typical outcome straight into the ground.

It's a story about leverage, risk management, expected versus median returns, and what happens when you go "full Kelly." Featuring reporting from the Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, Bloomberg, and the Financial Times, plus Victor Haghani's lessons from The Missing Billionaires.

Victor Haghani - The Missing Billionaires book: https://amzn.to/4fQUEEB
Elm Wealth Website: https://elmwealth.com/

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2652 no What are Financial Futures? What are Financial Futures?A futures contract is a legal agreement to buy or sell a particular asset at an agreed price at an agreed time in the future. Futures contracts are standardized for quality and quantity to facilitate trading on a futures exchange. The buyer of a futures contract is taking on the obligation to buy the underlying asset when the futures contract expires. The seller of the futures contract is taking on the obligation to provide the underlying asset at the expiration date.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What are Financial Futures?A futures contract is a legal agreement to buy or sell a particular asset at an agreed price at an agreed time in the future. Futures contracts are standardized for quality and quantity to facilitate trading on a futures exchange. The buyer of a futures contract is taking on the obligation to buy the underlying asset when the futures contract expires. The seller of the futures contract is taking on the obligation to provide the underlying asset at the expiration date.These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What are Financial Futures?
A futures contract is a legal agreement to buy or sell a particular asset at an agreed price at an agreed time in the future. Futures contracts are standardized for quality and quantity to facilitate trading on a futures exchange. The buyer of a futures contract is taking on the obligation to buy the underlying asset when the futures contract expires. The seller of the futures contract is taking on the obligation to provide the underlying asset at the expiration date.

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 453 no The Insane US-Japan Currency Bailout Level up your note-taking with Plaud NotePro at https://bit.ly/4c9s3bC and use code PBOYLE for 15% offAmazon: https://amzn.to/4xFP79QIn July 2026, the US Treasury did something it hadn't done since 1998: it intervened in the currency markets to prop up the Japanese yen — and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, a former Soros hedge fund manager, ran the trade in the strangest way possible, selling euros instead of dollars without telling the ECB. But this was never really about Japan. It was about protecting American borrowing costs at a moment when the US is paying more to borrow than it has in decades — with 30-year Treasury yields hitting their highest since 2001. This video breaks down the US-Japan yen intervention, the carry trade, the FIMA facility, and Bessent's huge bet on falling interest rates, and asks the real question underneath it all: is the Treasury Secretary a visionary macro trader, or a cornered man making an enormous gamble with the balance sheet of the United States? A look at currency intervention, the eroding "exorbitant privilege" of the dollar, and why America's cheap borrowing may be coming to an end.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sun, 21 Jun 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Level up your note-taking with Plaud NotePro at https://bit.ly/4c9s3bC and use code PBOYLE for 15% offAmazon: https://amzn.to/4xFP79QIn July 2026, the US Treasury did something it hadn't done since 1998: it intervened in the currency markets to prop up the Japanese yen — and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, a former Soros hedge fund manager, ran the trade in the strangest way possible, selling euros instead of dollars without telling the ECB. But this was never really about Japan. It was about protecting American borrowing costs at a moment when the US is paying more to borrow than it has in decades — with 30-year Treasury yields hitting their highest since 2001. This video breaks down the US-Japan yen intervention, the carry trade, the FIMA facility, and Bessent's huge bet on falling interest rates, and asks the real question underneath it all: is the Treasury Secretary a visionary macro trader, or a cornered man making an enormous gamble with the balance sheet of the United States? A look at currency intervention, the eroding "exorbitant privilege" of the dollar, and why America's cheap borrowing may be coming to an end.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Level up your note-taking with Plaud NotePro at https://bit.ly/4c9s3bC and use code PBOYLE for 15% off
Amazon: https://amzn.to/4xFP79Q

In July 2026, the US Treasury did something it hadn't done since 1998: it intervened in the currency markets to prop up the Japanese yen — and Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, a former Soros hedge fund manager, ran the trade in the strangest way possible, selling euros instead of dollars without telling the ECB. But this was never really about Japan. It was about protecting American borrowing costs at a moment when the US is paying more to borrow than it has in decades — with 30-year Treasury yields hitting their highest since 2001. This video breaks down the US-Japan yen intervention, the carry trade, the FIMA facility, and Bessent's huge bet on falling interest rates, and asks the real question underneath it all: is the Treasury Secretary a visionary macro trader, or a cornered man making an enormous gamble with the balance sheet of the United States? A look at currency intervention, the eroding "exorbitant privilege" of the dollar, and why America's cheap borrowing may be coming to an end.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2165 no How are Financial Derivatives Traded? In this video we will learn how financial Derivatives are Traded, what are the major derivative types and what is the economic function of the derivatives market?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Sat, 20 Jun 2026 12:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle In this video we will learn how financial Derivatives are Traded, what are the major derivative types and what is the economic function of the derivatives market?These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices In this video we will learn how financial Derivatives are Traded, what are the major derivative types and what is the economic function of the derivatives market?

These classes are all based on the book Trading and Pricing Financial Derivatives, available on Amazon at this link. https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

Follow Patrick on twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 702 no How Much Would an AI Crash Destroy? If you’re looking to upgrade your business wardrobe, I can recommend giving Tailor Store a try. Their shirts are made to your measurements, so you can create something that fits both your body and your personal style. My viewers receive 25% off their first order through my link: https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyleTwo chip stocks recently drove seventeen percent of the entire global stock market's return in a single month — which tells you just how concentrated the AI trade has become, and how exposed the average investor now is without realising it. In this video we look at how much wealth an AI crash could actually destroy, with estimates from Dean Baker, former IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath, and Oliver Wyman running into the tens of trillions of dollars. We cover why the usual places to hide — small caps, value funds, international stocks — are now packed with AI stocks, what the Bank for International Settlements found when it compared today's buildout to the great railway and dot-com bubbles, and why a technology being real has never been enough to protect the people who overpaid for it. This isn't a crash prediction. It's a look at the downside risk, the illusion of diversification, and why boring, unexciting investing tends to win in the end.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 19 Jun 2026 18:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle If you’re looking to upgrade your business wardrobe, I can recommend giving Tailor Store a try. Their shirts are made to your measurements, so you can create something that fits both your body and your personal style. My viewers receive 25% off their first order through my link: https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyleTwo chip stocks recently drove seventeen percent of the entire global stock market's return in a single month — which tells you just how concentrated the AI trade has become, and how exposed the average investor now is without realising it. In this video we look at how much wealth an AI crash could actually destroy, with estimates from Dean Baker, former IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath, and Oliver Wyman running into the tens of trillions of dollars. We cover why the usual places to hide — small caps, value funds, international stocks — are now packed with AI stocks, what the Bank for International Settlements found when it compared today's buildout to the great railway and dot-com bubbles, and why a technology being real has never been enough to protect the people who overpaid for it. This isn't a crash prediction. It's a look at the downside risk, the illusion of diversification, and why boring, unexciting investing tends to win in the end.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices If you’re looking to upgrade your business wardrobe, I can recommend giving Tailor Store a try. Their shirts are made to your measurements, so you can create something that fits both your body and your personal style. My viewers receive 25% off their first order through my link: https://www.tailorstore.com/patrickboyle

Two chip stocks recently drove seventeen percent of the entire global stock market's return in a single month — which tells you just how concentrated the AI trade has become, and how exposed the average investor now is without realising it. In this video we look at how much wealth an AI crash could actually destroy, with estimates from Dean Baker, former IMF chief economist Gita Gopinath, and Oliver Wyman running into the tens of trillions of dollars. We cover why the usual places to hide — small caps, value funds, international stocks — are now packed with AI stocks, what the Bank for International Settlements found when it compared today's buildout to the great railway and dot-com bubbles, and why a technology being real has never been enough to protect the people who overpaid for it. This isn't a crash prediction. It's a look at the downside risk, the illusion of diversification, and why boring, unexciting investing tends to win in the end.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2404 no What Are Financial Derivatives? What Are Financial Derivatives?A Video Explaining what financial derivatives are, who trades them and why? Follow along using the book https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/In this video we will learn who issues derivatives, are they a zero sum game and what are the various underlyings. We will learn a little bit about futures options swaps, credit derivatives etc. We will learn the difference between hedgers and speculatorsFollow me on Twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Fri, 19 Jun 2026 00:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle What Are Financial Derivatives?A Video Explaining what financial derivatives are, who trades them and why? Follow along using the book https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0 Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/In this video we will learn who issues derivatives, are they a zero sum game and what are the various underlyings. We will learn a little bit about futures options swaps, credit derivatives etc. We will learn the difference between hedgers and speculatorsFollow me on Twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices What Are Financial Derivatives?
A Video Explaining what financial derivatives are, who trades them and why?

Follow along using the book https://amzn.to/2WIoAL0
Check out our website http://www.onfinance.org/

In this video we will learn who issues derivatives, are they a zero sum game and what are the various underlyings. We will learn a little bit about futures options swaps, credit derivatives etc. We will learn the difference between hedgers and speculators

Follow me on Twitter here: https://twitter.com/PatrickEBoyle

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 703 no Scott Bessent Is at War With Prices — and Prices Are Winning! Go to http://ground.news/pb for a better way to stay informed. Subscribe for 40% off unlimited access to worldwide coverage through my link. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent is trying to force down US Treasury yields with surprise bond buybacks — and it isn't working. In this video we break down Bessent's activist debt management strategy, why doubling the Treasury's long-dated buybacks is a bet on falling interest rates funded by short-term bills, and why his old boss Stanley Druckenmiller publicly tore the plan apart in a Wall Street Journal op-ed ("Let the Bond Market Speak"). We look at the collision with new Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh after Jackson Hole, the 50% tariffs on Canada and the Mark Carney feud, "Operation Economic Outcast" and the secondary-sanctions problem with China and Iranian oil, the GENIUS Act and crypto's role in sanctions evasion, and Stephen Miran's case for the defense. The through-line: you can't trade around arithmetic. When a government goes to war with market prices, the bond market has an infinite balance sheet — and prices tend to win.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Thu, 18 Jun 2026 06:21:00 -0000 full Patrick Boyle Go to http://ground.news/pb for a better way to stay informed. Subscribe for 40% off unlimited access to worldwide coverage through my link. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent is trying to force down US Treasury yields with surprise bond buybacks — and it isn't working. In this video we break down Bessent's activist debt management strategy, why doubling the Treasury's long-dated buybacks is a bet on falling interest rates funded by short-term bills, and why his old boss Stanley Druckenmiller publicly tore the plan apart in a Wall Street Journal op-ed ("Let the Bond Market Speak"). We look at the collision with new Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh after Jackson Hole, the 50% tariffs on Canada and the Mark Carney feud, "Operation Economic Outcast" and the secondary-sanctions problem with China and Iranian oil, the GENIUS Act and crypto's role in sanctions evasion, and Stephen Miran's case for the defense. The through-line: you can't trade around arithmetic. When a government goes to war with market prices, the bond market has an infinite balance sheet — and prices tend to win.Patrick's Books:Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPFCorporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC Ways To Support The ChannelPatreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinanceBuy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyleVisit our website: https://www.onfinance.orgFollow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.socialBusiness Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.orgPatrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0bApple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nveJoin this channel to support making this content:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices Go to http://ground.news/pb for a better way to stay informed. Subscribe for 40% off unlimited access to worldwide coverage through my link.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent is trying to force down US Treasury yields with surprise bond buybacks — and it isn't working. In this video we break down Bessent's activist debt management strategy, why doubling the Treasury's long-dated buybacks is a bet on falling interest rates funded by short-term bills, and why his old boss Stanley Druckenmiller publicly tore the plan apart in a Wall Street Journal op-ed ("Let the Bond Market Speak"). We look at the collision with new Federal Reserve Chair Kevin Warsh after Jackson Hole, the 50% tariffs on Canada and the Mark Carney feud, "Operation Economic Outcast" and the secondary-sanctions problem with China and Iranian oil, the GENIUS Act and crypto's role in sanctions evasion, and Stephen Miran's case for the defense. The through-line: you can't trade around arithmetic. When a government goes to war with market prices, the bond market has an infinite balance sheet — and prices tend to win.

Patrick's Books:
Statistics For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3eerLA0
Derivatives For The Trading Floor: https://amzn.to/3cjsyPF
Corporate Finance: https://amzn.to/3fn3rvC

Ways To Support The Channel
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PatrickBoyleOnFinance
Buy Me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/patrickboyle

Visit our website: https://www.onfinance.org
Follow Patrick on Twitter Here: https://bsky.app/profile/pboyle.bsky.social

Business Inquiries ➡️ sponsors@onfinance.org

Patrick Boyle On Finance Podcast:
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/7uhrWlDvxzy9hLoW0EYf0b
Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/patrick-boyle-on-finance/id1547740313
Google Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/62862nve

Join this channel to support making this content:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCASM0cgfkJxQ1ICmRilfHLw/join

Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

]]> 2940 no