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    <title>The Engine Room of Democracy</title>
    <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
    <language>en</language>
    <copyright>2020 Center for Strategic and International Studies</copyright>
    <description>America has an unusual history. It did not begin with ethnic homogeneity or a long, shared cultural history. It began as a set of ideals enshrined in our Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In “The Engine Room of Democracy,” CSIS President and CEO John J. Hamre discusses with former government officials and policymakers how the fundamental ideals in our constitutional democracy are applied every day and why these ideals should remain the bedrock of our society.</description>
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      <title>The Engine Room of Democracy</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
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    <itunes:type>episodic</itunes:type>
    <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
    <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary>America has an unusual history. It did not begin with ethnic homogeneity or a long, shared cultural history. It began as a set of ideals enshrined in our Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In “The Engine Room of Democracy,” CSIS President and CEO John J. Hamre discusses with former government officials and policymakers how the fundamental ideals in our constitutional democracy are applied every day and why these ideals should remain the bedrock of our society.</itunes:summary>
    <content:encoded>
      <![CDATA[<p>America has an unusual history. It did not begin with ethnic homogeneity or a long, shared cultural history. It began as a set of ideals enshrined in our Constitution and the Bill of Rights. In “The Engine Room of Democracy,” CSIS President and CEO John J. Hamre discusses with former government officials and policymakers how the fundamental ideals in our constitutional democracy are applied every day and why these ideals should remain the bedrock of our society.</p>]]>
    </content:encoded>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:name>
      <itunes:email>podcasts@csis.org</itunes:email>
    </itunes:owner>
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    <itunes:category text="Government">
    </itunes:category>
    <itunes:category text="Education">
    </itunes:category>
    <item>
      <title>Nurturing a Professional Judiciary</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>In this session, Dana Chipman, former judge advocate of the U.S. Army, discusses the role of the Judicial Center and how America supports and nurtures a professional judiciary.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 14 Oct 2020 13:28:09 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/f8e9ade0-0ddf-11eb-90e7-77177be458ae/image/uploads_2F1602653971835-wwp13o95m8-ab0a7c9ec62609ff9b41f4741acb353b_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dana Chipman, former judge advocate of the U.S. Army, discusses the role of the Judicial Center and how America supports and nurtures a professional judiciary.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>In this session, Dana Chipman, former judge advocate of the U.S. Army, discusses the role of the Judicial Center and how America supports and nurtures a professional judiciary.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>In this session, Dana Chipman, former judge advocate of the U.S. Army, discusses the role of the Judicial Center and how America supports and nurtures a professional judiciary.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>1726</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Checks and Balances: The Role of Auditors and Inspectors General Insuring a Healthy and Responsible Government</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Gene Dodaro is the comptroller general of the United States government and head of the Government Accountability Office (GAO). Established by Congress as a watchdog, the GAO is the one organization that forces truthfulness and accountability across the federal government. In this session, Dodaro discusses the critical role of independent oversight as a foundation for rule of law.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 07 Oct 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/a2c58f72-0814-11eb-b089-d3cd177f6592/image/uploads_2F1602016271147-e7k2ko0f0kv-9cfa134c0a507a9aa554c2ba3b56c598_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>Gene Dodaro, comptroller general of the U.S. government, discusses the critical role of independent oversight as a foundation for rule of law.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Gene Dodaro is the comptroller general of the United States government and head of the Government Accountability Office (GAO). Established by Congress as a watchdog, the GAO is the one organization that forces truthfulness and accountability across the federal government. In this session, Dodaro discusses the critical role of independent oversight as a foundation for rule of law.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Gene Dodaro is the comptroller general of the United States government and head of the Government Accountability Office (GAO). Established by Congress as a watchdog, the GAO is the one organization that forces truthfulness and accountability across the federal government. In this session, Dodaro discusses the critical role of independent oversight as a foundation for rule of law.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2370</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Executive-Legislative Relations: The Tension and Collaboration Essential for Effective Government</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Sean O’Keefe served in senior positions in both Congress and the executive branch. He has a unique perspective on how these two branches of government work together for a greater common good. Host Dr. John Hamre and O’Keefe discuss the tension between these two branches and the imperative for collaboration.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 30 Sep 2020 12:56:10 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/1e0f2d16-031d-11eb-bd5e-27c1d5a73ef0/image/uploads_2F1601470795868-rpbzmolfm6d-685bd2bffb5398d3e327179263b711d5_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Hamre and Sean O’Keefe discuss the tension between Congress and the executive branch and the imperative for collaboration.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Sean O’Keefe served in senior positions in both Congress and the executive branch. He has a unique perspective on how these two branches of government work together for a greater common good. Host Dr. John Hamre and O’Keefe discuss the tension between these two branches and the imperative for collaboration.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Sean O’Keefe served in senior positions in both Congress and the executive branch. He has a unique perspective on how these two branches of government work together for a greater common good. Host Dr. John Hamre and O’Keefe discuss the tension between these two branches and the imperative for collaboration.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2215</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Government Truthfulness as a Foundation for Rule of Law</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>John Kirby was a chief spokesman for both the Department of Defense and the Department of State. In this session, host John Hamre and Kirby discuss the importance of public communications as a foundation for credibility of government action, explaining how public communications reinforces rule of law.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 23 Sep 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/3385b504-fd4e-11ea-bdde-0772ef8ed896/image/uploads_2F1600831384384-oswk9jy2vb-4905ebae4f0b8c345250a1ae579c7bdb_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>In this session, host John Hamre and John Kirby discuss the importance of public communications as a foundation for credibility of government action, explaining how public communications reinforces rule of law.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>John Kirby was a chief spokesman for both the Department of Defense and the Department of State. In this session, host John Hamre and Kirby discuss the importance of public communications as a foundation for credibility of government action, explaining how public communications reinforces rule of law.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>John Kirby was a chief spokesman for both the Department of Defense and the Department of State. In this session, host John Hamre and Kirby discuss the importance of public communications as a foundation for credibility of government action, explaining how public communications reinforces rule of law.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2475</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>Dynamics of Lawful Warfare in Alliances</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>General Vincent Brooks is a pathbreaking Army officer. First in his class at West Point, Brooks rose to become the senior commander of American and allied forces in Korea. The commander of United States Forces Korea also has an important diplomatic role, serving as the head of UN forces in Korea and the senior political-military spokesman in Korea. In this session, Brooks and host John Hamre take us into the operational and legal issues of leading an alliance. They talk through how Brooks had to serve as a warrior and a diplomat in a dynamic theater of operations.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/bd50c898-f7ca-11ea-8c75-934c88cd0800/image/uploads_2F1600225772918-3i21bho1e9p-defc53c7b0f3105c7d15c7949d4c0ffb_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>General Vincent Brooks and host John Hamre take us into the operational and legal issues of leading an alliance.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>General Vincent Brooks is a pathbreaking Army officer. First in his class at West Point, Brooks rose to become the senior commander of American and allied forces in Korea. The commander of United States Forces Korea also has an important diplomatic role, serving as the head of UN forces in Korea and the senior political-military spokesman in Korea. In this session, Brooks and host John Hamre take us into the operational and legal issues of leading an alliance. They talk through how Brooks had to serve as a warrior and a diplomat in a dynamic theater of operations.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>General Vincent Brooks is a pathbreaking Army officer. First in his class at West Point, Brooks rose to become the senior commander of American and allied forces in Korea. The commander of United States Forces Korea also has an important diplomatic role, serving as the head of UN forces in Korea and the senior political-military spokesman in Korea. In this session, Brooks and host John Hamre take us into the operational and legal issues of leading an alliance. They talk through how Brooks had to serve as a warrior and a diplomat in a dynamic theater of operations.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2365</itunes:duration>
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      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS2176945932.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Legitimacy and Credibility of the American Judiciary</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Elizabeth Rindskopf-Parker is a unique lawyer. She has served as an educator, a national security lawyer working for both the CIA and the National Security Agency, and was the head of the California Bar Association. In this session, Rindskopf-Parker and host John Hamre delve into the American judiciary. They discuss how it retains legitimacy when courts are constantly dealing with conflict—picking winners and losers. </description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/b41d0e6a-f204-11ea-97de-171221714656/image/uploads_2F1599590957404-hhab9irxnpq-9360fdb296c324361410038999499243_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>Elizabeth Rindskopf-Parker and host John Hamre delve into the American judiciary. They discuss how it retains legitimacy when courts are constantly dealing with conflict—picking winners and losers. </itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Elizabeth Rindskopf-Parker is a unique lawyer. She has served as an educator, a national security lawyer working for both the CIA and the National Security Agency, and was the head of the California Bar Association. In this session, Rindskopf-Parker and host John Hamre delve into the American judiciary. They discuss how it retains legitimacy when courts are constantly dealing with conflict—picking winners and losers. </itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Elizabeth Rindskopf-Parker is a unique lawyer. She has served as an educator, a national security lawyer working for both the CIA and the National Security Agency, and was the head of the California Bar Association. In this session, Rindskopf-Parker and host John Hamre delve into the American judiciary. They discuss how it retains legitimacy when courts are constantly dealing with conflict—picking winners and losers. </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2312</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>The Critical Role of Independent Agencies, and How they Remain Accountable to Citizens</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Dr. Richard Meserve is a unique individual—a lawyer, a research physicist, former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Agency. In this episode, he explains the unique role that independent agencies play in the governance landscape of America. Independent agencies regulate the daily life of most Americans, yet most Americans don't know the critical role they play. Meserve takes us into the world of independent agencies and how they operate to protect democratic principles in the most technical dimension of American life.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 02 Sep 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/8e777daa-eca3-11ea-8275-ffc3a3658f8a/image/uploads_2F1598999555753-wx0152eayu-3456957e4a887c6dcbc8a9dc07ab4d01_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Richard Meserve, former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Agency, explains the unique role that independent agencies play in the governance landscape of America.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Dr. Richard Meserve is a unique individual—a lawyer, a research physicist, former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Agency. In this episode, he explains the unique role that independent agencies play in the governance landscape of America. Independent agencies regulate the daily life of most Americans, yet most Americans don't know the critical role they play. Meserve takes us into the world of independent agencies and how they operate to protect democratic principles in the most technical dimension of American life.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Richard Meserve is a unique individual—a lawyer, a research physicist, former chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Agency. In this episode, he explains the unique role that independent agencies play in the governance landscape of America. Independent agencies regulate the daily life of most Americans, yet most Americans don't know the critical role they play. Meserve takes us into the world of independent agencies and how they operate to protect democratic principles in the most technical dimension of American life.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2157</itunes:duration>
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      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS6069508003.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>The Critical Role of Law in Diplomacy and Foreign Policy</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>John Bellinger served as the senior lawyer in both the Department of State and the National Security Council. In this session, host John Hamre and Bellinger discuss the way rule of law is embedded in diplomacy and foreign policy. Bellinger articulates the role that international law and international institutions play in advancing American interests.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Aug 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/fa1593e2-e71e-11ea-b3a9-0b80fe264058/image/uploads_2F1598392695411-nzel4iabtd-c15ad914b20d01bd30362d37e3a93907_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>In this session, host John Hamre and John Bellinger discuss the way rule of law is embedded in diplomacy and foreign policy. </itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>John Bellinger served as the senior lawyer in both the Department of State and the National Security Council. In this session, host John Hamre and Bellinger discuss the way rule of law is embedded in diplomacy and foreign policy. Bellinger articulates the role that international law and international institutions play in advancing American interests.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>John Bellinger served as the senior lawyer in both the Department of State and the National Security Council. In this session, host John Hamre and Bellinger discuss the way rule of law is embedded in diplomacy and foreign policy. Bellinger articulates the role that international law and international institutions play in advancing American interests.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2263</itunes:duration>
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      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS7935487129.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Lawful Action on the Battlefront</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Major General John Ewers is a marine who rose to become the senior lawyer for the Marine Corps. In this episode, host John Hamre and Ewers discuss how the rule of law is observed on the battlefield. As the senior legal officer in Iraq, Ewers shares with listeners the challenges of conducting lawful warfare in the most demanding and unpredictable environment. </description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/78bd3b98-e1c8-11ea-896c-e36d0bc0d1f0/image/uploads_2F1597805970031-49ei2mvl9at-7495937cb4b592e529540dee9a2d801e_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle> In this episode, host John Hamre invites Major General John Ewers to discuss how the rule of law is observed on the battlefield.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Major General John Ewers is a marine who rose to become the senior lawyer for the Marine Corps. In this episode, host John Hamre and Ewers discuss how the rule of law is observed on the battlefield. As the senior legal officer in Iraq, Ewers shares with listeners the challenges of conducting lawful warfare in the most demanding and unpredictable environment. </itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Major General John Ewers is a marine who rose to become the senior lawyer for the Marine Corps. In this episode, host John Hamre and Ewers discuss how the rule of law is observed on the battlefield. As the senior legal officer in Iraq, Ewers shares with listeners the challenges of conducting lawful warfare in the most demanding and unpredictable environment. </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2018</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false"><![CDATA[78bd3b98-e1c8-11ea-896c-e36d0bc0d1f0]]></guid>
      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS9649242691.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Balancing Electronic Intelligence with Democratic Rights of Privacy</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Glenn Gerstell recently stepped down as the general counsel for the National Security Agency, America’s premier technical intelligence agency. In this episode, Gerstell discusses how the United States undertakes sophisticated intelligence collection while staying consistent with a constitutional obligation to protect the privacy of American citizens. </description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Aug 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/ab0606f0-dc43-11ea-b215-7b0d8a5eab82/image/uploads_2F1597199042193-uxwz750spp-e1be1a97f92384402f766fec533cf9c3_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>Glenn Gerstell, former general counsel for the NSA, discusses how the United States undertakes sophisticated intelligence collection while staying consistent with a constitutional obligation to protect the privacy of American citizens. </itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Glenn Gerstell recently stepped down as the general counsel for the National Security Agency, America’s premier technical intelligence agency. In this episode, Gerstell discusses how the United States undertakes sophisticated intelligence collection while staying consistent with a constitutional obligation to protect the privacy of American citizens. </itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Glenn Gerstell recently stepped down as the general counsel for the National Security Agency, America’s premier technical intelligence agency. In this episode, Gerstell discusses how the United States undertakes sophisticated intelligence collection while staying consistent with a constitutional obligation to protect the privacy of American citizens. </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2247</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>How Military Forces Operate in Lawful International Police Operations</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Michelle Howard is a pioneer. She graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy and rose to become a four-star admiral and vice chief of naval operations. In one of her professional assignments, she led Combined Task Force 151, which was organized to confront and eliminate pirates operating in the Gulf of Aden. Michelle discusses how U.S. military forces operate in police actions under lawful international authorization.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Aug 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:title>How Military Forces Operate in Lawful International Police Operations</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/63767b2a-d6b3-11ea-bb5b-17a9820939a7/image/uploads_2F1596587199100-q6i1vkllbvo-ab3e4ce73ff015938782183d5f4fae78_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>Michelle Howard, former vice chief of naval operations, describes confronting and eliminating pirates operating in the Gulf of Aden during one of her professional assignments leading Combined Task Force 151.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Michelle Howard is a pioneer. She graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy and rose to become a four-star admiral and vice chief of naval operations. In one of her professional assignments, she led Combined Task Force 151, which was organized to confront and eliminate pirates operating in the Gulf of Aden. Michelle discusses how U.S. military forces operate in police actions under lawful international authorization.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Michelle Howard is a pioneer. She graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy and rose to become a four-star admiral and vice chief of naval operations. In one of her professional assignments, she led Combined Task Force 151, which was organized to confront and eliminate pirates operating in the Gulf of Aden. Michelle discusses how U.S. military forces operate in police actions under lawful international authorization.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2005</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>How Democracies Manage and Control Military Forces</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Jim Dubik is a retired senior officer from the United States Army. A retired three-star officer, in his last job Jim worked with Iraqi military forces to explain how civilian control works in real life. In this session, Jim discusses the critical question of how democracies control military establishments. By definition, military organizations are authoritarian rule-based organizations that operate in secret and have guns. This session examines how democracies control military establishments and advance democratic principles.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2020 12:40:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/536fb20c-d11b-11ea-8ed2-d75658c7d386/image/uploads_2F1595972251917-1eb14zff73t-8aa7aa95dab66db7c0f6328b9e6dc915_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>In this session, Jim Dubik, a retired three-star officer from the U.S. Army, discusses the critical question of how democracies control military establishments. </itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Jim Dubik is a retired senior officer from the United States Army. A retired three-star officer, in his last job Jim worked with Iraqi military forces to explain how civilian control works in real life. In this session, Jim discusses the critical question of how democracies control military establishments. By definition, military organizations are authoritarian rule-based organizations that operate in secret and have guns. This session examines how democracies control military establishments and advance democratic principles.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Jim Dubik is a retired senior officer from the United States Army. A retired three-star officer, in his last job Jim worked with Iraqi military forces to explain how civilian control works in real life. In this session, Jim discusses the critical question of how democracies control military establishments. By definition, military organizations are authoritarian rule-based organizations that operate in secret and have guns. This session examines how democracies control military establishments and advance democratic principles.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2492</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false"><![CDATA[536fb20c-d11b-11ea-8ed2-d75658c7d386]]></guid>
      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS3190186172.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>How Democracies Go to War</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Host John Hamre interviews Stephen Preston, a senior lawyer in Washington. In government service, Stephen was the head lawyer for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense. In this episode, Stephen discusses how democracies authorize the use of lethal force and how democracies control military and covert activities once initiated. This is a special challenge for democracies where the use of force must be consistent with democratic principles. Stephen offers a powerful tutorial on this vital dimension of American democracy.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 22 Jul 2020 13:27:48 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:title>How Democracies Go to War</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/a9c4b362-cb5a-11ea-ad35-afdb986fafb4/image/uploads_2F1595340078432-ececniujlv-af279833ee61ed3336b7a0f480e4f821_2F__EROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle></itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Host John Hamre interviews Stephen Preston, a senior lawyer in Washington. In government service, Stephen was the head lawyer for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense. In this episode, Stephen discusses how democracies authorize the use of lethal force and how democracies control military and covert activities once initiated. This is a special challenge for democracies where the use of force must be consistent with democratic principles. Stephen offers a powerful tutorial on this vital dimension of American democracy.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Host John Hamre interviews Stephen Preston, a senior lawyer in Washington. In government service, Stephen was the head lawyer for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense. In this episode, Stephen discusses how democracies authorize the use of lethal force and how democracies control military and covert activities once initiated. This is a special challenge for democracies where the use of force must be consistent with democratic principles. Stephen offers a powerful tutorial on this vital dimension of American democracy.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>1696</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false"><![CDATA[a9c4b362-cb5a-11ea-ad35-afdb986fafb4]]></guid>
      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS9968552341.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Managing Policing and Justice in America</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>Jamie Gorelick has held senior positions in government, as general counsel in the Department of Defense and as deputy attorney general. In this session, she discusses the complex and dynamic relationship that binds police, prosecutors, and courts. Democracy depends on clear rules and institutions that implement the rules. Each institution confronts controversy and challenges. Jamie offers an intriguing insight into this foundational function in American democracy.</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Jul 2020 12:00:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:title>Managing Policing and Justice in America</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/fc02c8aa-c621-11ea-90c0-63dae9a1d48f/image/uploads_2F1594766073135-ofha55k3u9b-2e5cb41bdaef2bc4797a30ece8108401_2FEROD_ART.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>In this session, Jamie Gorelick discusses the complex and dynamic relationship that binds police, prosecutors, and courts.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>Jamie Gorelick has held senior positions in government, as general counsel in the Department of Defense and as deputy attorney general. In this session, she discusses the complex and dynamic relationship that binds police, prosecutors, and courts. Democracy depends on clear rules and institutions that implement the rules. Each institution confronts controversy and challenges. Jamie offers an intriguing insight into this foundational function in American democracy.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Jamie Gorelick has held senior positions in government, as general counsel in the Department of Defense and as deputy attorney general. In this session, she discusses the complex and dynamic relationship that binds police, prosecutors, and courts. Democracy depends on clear rules and institutions that implement the rules. Each institution confronts controversy and challenges. Jamie offers an intriguing insight into this foundational function in American democracy.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2255</itunes:duration>
      <guid isPermaLink="false"><![CDATA[fc02c8aa-c621-11ea-90c0-63dae9a1d48f]]></guid>
      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS5518553032.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rule OF Law vs. Rule BY Law: How the U.S. Constitution is Designed to Protect the American Citizenry</title>
      <link>https://www.csis.org/podcasts/engine-room-democracy</link>
      <description>In this first episode, host John J. Hamre speaks with Suzanne Spaulding, director of the Defending Democratic Institutions project at CSIS. Suzanne is a lawyer, and had served as chief clerk of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and later as undersecretary in the Department of Homeland Security. Their conversation examines how established institutions and procedures keep government agencies accountable to its citizens. This process is especially important for intelligence organizations that operate in secrecy. Suzanne offers a powerful tutorial on one of the foundation stones of our democracy.</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 07 Jul 2020 13:45:00 -0000</pubDate>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:author>Center for Strategic and International Studies</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://megaphone.imgix.net/podcasts/2557fbc2-c059-11ea-87ef-8779795f2c07/image/uploads_2F1594129632162-pg8kntzigk-f8dc3626e7751fc6b0caf153829982b8_2FEROD_Option1.jpg?ixlib=rails-4.3.1&amp;max-w=3000&amp;max-h=3000&amp;fit=crop&amp;auto=format,compress"/>
      <itunes:subtitle>In this first episode, host John J. Hamre speaks with Suzanne Spaulding (CSIS) about how established institutions and procedures keep government agencies accountable to its citizens.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:summary>In this first episode, host John J. Hamre speaks with Suzanne Spaulding, director of the Defending Democratic Institutions project at CSIS. Suzanne is a lawyer, and had served as chief clerk of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and later as undersecretary in the Department of Homeland Security. Their conversation examines how established institutions and procedures keep government agencies accountable to its citizens. This process is especially important for intelligence organizations that operate in secrecy. Suzanne offers a powerful tutorial on one of the foundation stones of our democracy.</itunes:summary>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>In this first episode, host John J. Hamre speaks with Suzanne Spaulding, director of the Defending Democratic Institutions project at CSIS. Suzanne is a lawyer, and had served as chief clerk of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, and later as undersecretary in the Department of Homeland Security. Their conversation examines how established institutions and procedures keep government agencies accountable to its citizens. This process is especially important for intelligence organizations that operate in secrecy. Suzanne offers a powerful tutorial on one of the foundation stones of our democracy.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <itunes:duration>2030</itunes:duration>
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      <enclosure url="https://traffic.megaphone.fm/CSIS5197520670.mp3" length="0" type="audio/mpeg"/>
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