MinuteEarth

Why Bees Mostly Ignore The Waggle Dance

Mon, 11 May 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Choreography: The sequence of steps and movements in a dance or other performance.

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Fetus Poop

Sun, 10 May 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Biological Control

Sat, 09 May 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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There’s Really Only One Way To Die

Mon, 04 May 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): the principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells.

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yellow crazy ants

Sun, 03 May 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Invasive species

Sat, 02 May 2026 15:22:00 -0000

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Could This Thing Really Fly?

Mon, 27 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Pterosaurs: are an extinct clade of flying reptiles in the order Pterosauria and are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight.
Quetzalcoatlus: is a genus of azhdarchid pterosaur. Quetzalcoatlus northropi has gained fame as a candidate for the largest flying animal ever discovered.
Deltopectoral crest: is a forward directed bony flange on the upper part of the humerus. It provided insertion surfaces for muscles of the shoulder and chest.
Postcranial pneumaticity: is the presence of air-filled cavities inside bones of the body (everything except the skull) that are connected to the respiratory system.
Quad Launch (also Quadrupedal launch): is a takeoff method where an animal launches into the air using all four limbs—both the hind legs and the forelimbs.

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Delta Works

Sun, 26 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Hottest Place

Sat, 25 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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When Does It Make Sense To Kill Your Sibling?

Mon, 20 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Siblicide: the killing of a sibling or siblings, as a behavior pattern typical in various animal groups.

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Cold Sap

Sun, 19 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Frozen Trees

Sat, 18 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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40 Years Without A New Antibiotic. Why?

Mon, 13 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Antibiotics: a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms.
Petri dish: a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a flat lid, used for the culture of microorganisms.

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Before rainforests

Sun, 12 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Rainforests

Sat, 11 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Hives Turn Against Their Queens

Mon, 06 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Haplodiploidy: is a sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.
Sex determination in honeybees: In honeybees, the drones (males) are entirely derived from the queen, their mother. The diploid queen has 32 chromosomes and the haploid drones have 16 chromosomes. Drones produce sperm cells that contain their entire genome, so the sperm are all genetically identical except for mutations.
Eusocial: showing an advanced level of social organization, in which a single female or caste produces offspring and nonreproductive individuals cooperate in caring for the young.
Fertilize: cause (an egg, female animal, or plant) to develop a new individual by introducing male reproductive material.
Genetics: the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Queen Bee: the single reproductive female in a hive or colony of honeybees.
Sterile: not able to produce children or young.

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Garbage again

Sun, 05 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Garbage

Sat, 04 Apr 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Haven't We Domesticated Monkeys?

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Domestication: The long term, multi-generational process of selectively breeding animals to modify their traits to make them more useful to humans.
Zoonosis: An infection spread between animals and humans.
Domestication, monkeys, capuchin, primate, zoonosis, pet monkey.

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Deep Sea Fish

Sun, 29 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Metal Hoarders

Sat, 28 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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There’s no such thing as a fake feather

Mon, 23 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Feather: the light, flat, and waterproof structure on a bird's body, essential for flight, insulation, and waterproofing.
Keratin: a tough, fibrous protein that is a key structural component of hair, nails, feathers, horns, and the outer layer of skin.
Plumage: the entire set of feathers covering a bird, including their color, pattern, and arrangement.

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Metal Hoarders

Sun, 22 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Metal Plants

Sat, 21 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Why is it always males that get eaten during sex?

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Sexual cannibalism: the practice of consuming a mate directly before, during, or after mating
Aggressive spillover: the idea that aggression that's favored for early in life can be maladaptive in a mating situation

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Turbines

Sun, 15 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Dog Breeds

Sat, 14 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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ALL THE CATS, EXPLAINED

Mon, 09 Mar 2026 07:10:00 -0000

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Nefarious Plants

Sun, 08 Mar 2026 07:10:00 -0000

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Plant Gossip

Sat, 07 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Don't Our Bones Keep Growing Forever?

Mon, 02 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Cartilage: firm, whitish, flexible connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It is more widespread in the infant skeleton, being replaced by bone during growth.
Estrogen: any of a group of steroid hormones that regulate sexual development and function.
Growth plate: areas of cartilage located at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents.
Indeterminate growth: a biological process where an organism continues to grow throughout its life, rather than stopping at a genetically predetermined size.

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Teamwork

Sun, 01 Mar 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Plant Injury

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Do Mushrooms Benefit from Being Hallucinogenic?

Mon, 23 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Psilocybin: a hallucinogenic alkaloid, found in some toadstools.
Psychedelic: relating to or denoting drugs (especially LSD) that produce hallucinations and apparent expansion of consciousness.

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Weight Dispute

Sun, 22 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Tallest Organism

Sat, 21 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Three Specific Ways AI Could Kill Us All

Mon, 16 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Superintelligence: Any intellect that greatly exceeds the cognitive performance of humans in virtually all domains of interest.
Misaligned AI: Artificial intelligence systems whose goals, behaviors, or outcomes do not match human intentions or ethical principles.
AI Value Alignment: The process of designing and developing Artificial Intelligence systems so their goals and actions are consistent with beneficial human values and ethical principles.

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Immortal Jellyfish

Sun, 15 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Telomeres

Sat, 14 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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How Deep Can Caves Get?

Mon, 09 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Karst: landscape underlain by limestone which has been eroded by dissolution, producing ridges, towers, fissures, sinkholes and other characteristic landforms.
Solutional cave: a cave usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone
Water table: the upper surface of the saturated zone underground, where all the pores and cracks in soil and rock are completely filled with water.

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Scavenging Hyenas

Sun, 08 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Hyena Families

Sat, 07 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Grass Grows Better Under Trampolines

Mon, 02 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Agrivoltaics: the process of agricultural production (such as growing crops and/or raising livestock) underneath or adjacent to solar panels

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Hyena Poop

Sun, 01 Feb 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Young Earth

Sat, 31 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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What Happens When Scientists Work With Unexpected Experts

Fri, 30 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Core Rope Memory: a type of read-only memory (ROM) that was used in the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC).
Transdisciplinary: an approach that integrates knowledge and perspectives from various disciplines and sectors, including non-academic stakeholders, to address complex real-world problems.

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You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle

Wed, 28 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Aquifer: a body of permeable rock which can contain or transmit groundwater.
Confined aquifer: an aquifer below the land surface that is saturated with water. Layers of impermeable material are both above and below the aquifer.
Freshwater: naturally occurring water that is not salty, and is suitable for consumption if clean or processed.

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What I Learned on Monkey Island

Mon, 26 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Excess mortality: deaths that occur above and beyond what would have been expected in the absence of the disaster, extending beyond the immediate impact of the event itself.

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Bats and Viruses

Sun, 25 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Sugar Dust

Sat, 24 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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ALL THE DOGS, EXPLAINED

Fri, 23 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Coyotes Are IMPOSSIBLE To Exterminate

Wed, 21 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Pseudopregnancy: the development of signs of pregnancy without the presence of an implanted embryo or fetus.

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The Problem with Antivenom

Mon, 19 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Envenomation: The process by which venom is injected by a venomous animal.
Antivenom: Purified antibodies against specific venom components.
Tropical zone: The area of the Earth between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Toxicofera: The clade of snakes and lizards that first evolved venom more than 170 million years ago.

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TNT vs Dynamite

Sun, 18 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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The Norway rat

Sat, 17 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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This Video Took Us 8 Years To Make

Fri, 16 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Species concept: A methodology for determining whether two organisms are members of the same species.
Speciation: The evolutionary process by which new species arise.
Polyploid speciation: Speciation that occurs due to a change in the number of chromosomes.
Allopatric speciation: Speciation that occurs due to geographic isolation.

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When Evolution Glitches Out

Wed, 14 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Evolutionary trap: a situation where an organism, due to a change in its environment (often human-induced), makes a decision that was once adaptive but now leads to a maladaptive outcome, even though better alternatives exist.
Stimulus: a detectable change in an organism's internal or external environment that triggers a response.
Supernormal stimulus: a stimulus that elicits a response more strongly than the natural stimulus for which it evolved.

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Why The Frequency Illusion Is Everywhere Now

Mon, 12 Jan 2026 20:29:00 -0000

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Frequency Illusion: a cognitive bias where a recently learned or noticed phenomenon seems to appear more frequently than it actually does.

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Bulbasaur’s Feet

Sun, 11 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Opportunistic Researchers

Sat, 10 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Another Ancestor Paradox

Fri, 09 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Identical ancestors point: the most recent point in a population's past where each individual alive then is either the ancestor of every individual alive now or has no currently living descendants.

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Which Planet Has The Strongest Quakes?

Wed, 07 Jan 2026 08:10:00 -0000

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Cryovolcano: a type of volcano that erupts gases and volatile material such as liquid water, ammonia, and hydrocarbons.
Helioseismology: the study of the Sun's interior structure and dynamics by analyzing the propagation of sound waves (or pressure waves) and oscillations on its surface.
Ring Seismology: a field that studies the internal structure and dynamics of planets by analyzing the waves and patterns observed in their ring systems, essentially using the rings as a ""seismograph"" to probe the planet's interior.
Tectonic Activity: the movement and interaction of the Earth's lithospheric plates, leading to geological phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formation.
Tidal Forces: the differential gravitational effects exerted by a celestial body (like the Moon or Sun) on different parts of a planet or object, causing it to stretch or bulge along the axis connecting the two bodies.

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The Science Of Slipperiness

Mon, 05 Jan 2026 18:57:00 -0000

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Surface tension: tendency of fluid surfaces to shrink into the minimum surface area possible
Surfactants: chemical compounds that decrease the surface tension or interfacial tension between two liquids, a liquid and a gas, or a liquid and a solid
Amphiphilic: having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts
Hydrophilic: having an affinity or attraction towards water molecules
Hydrophobic: tending to be repelled by water molecules

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Pollen Is Not Plant Sperm (It’s MUCH Weirder)

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Alternation of generations: a life cycle in plants where an organism alternates between two distinct multicellular stages.
Gametophyte: the gamete-producing and usually haploid phase, producing the zygote from which the sporophyte arises. It is the dominant form in bryophytes.
Pollination: the transfer of pollen to a stigma, ovule, flower, or plant to allow fertilization.
Sporophyte: the asexual and usually diploid phase, producing spores from which the gametophyte arises. It is the dominant form in vascular plants, e.g. the frond of a fern.

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Your Favorite YouTube Channels Might Not Survive This

Mon, 29 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Could Pikachu exist in real life?

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Could Charmander exist in real life?

Sat, 27 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How do fish get into isolated mountain lakes?

Fri, 26 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Aerial stocking: The practice of releasing hatchery fish into a natural body of water from airplanes.
Panspermia: The theory that life on Earth may have come from other parts of the universe.

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The Ancestor Paradox

Thu, 25 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Genealogy: a line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor.
Genetic ancestor: a person from whom an individual is biologically descended
Genetic ancestry: the genetic origin of a person's population, and the specific lines of descent through which they inherited DNA from their ancestors.
Pedigree: the recorded ancestry, especially upper-class ancestry, of a person or family.
Pedigree collapse: a term used in genealogy to describe when the number of distinct ancestors in a family tree is smaller than it would be otherwise.

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inside of your body is REALLY LOUD

Wed, 24 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Otoacoustic emissions: sounds given off by the inner ear when responding to a sound
Ear rumbling: a dull sound that occurs when the tensor tympani muscle in the middle ear contracts

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Are Scientists Going Extinct?

Tue, 23 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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AI: the general ability of computers to emulate human thought and perform tasks in real-world environments
Machine learning: a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows systems to learn and improve from data without being explicitly programmed

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Why Don’t All Rivers Make Canyons?

Mon, 22 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Canyon: a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it.
River equilibrium: a state in which a river's water flow and sediment transport are balanced.
River incision: a natural process where a river cuts downward into its bed, deepening the channel
Tectonic uplift: the geological process that occurs when the Earth's surface rises due to tectonic forces, such as plate movements or volcanic activity.

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Smallest Rodent

Sun, 21 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Lemmings Suicide

Sat, 20 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Haven't We Cured Cancer?

Fri, 19 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Precision Medicine: A medical model that tailors specific drugs to specific patients based on genetic profiling.
Functional Precision Medicine: A medical model that involves directly treating live tumor cells with drugs to gain information about a patient's tumor.
HER2-positive cancer: A type of cancer caused by a specific excess growth factor protein that has been shown to be treatable by specific medications.

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Electrical Wires Made Of Bacteria?!

Thu, 18 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Bacterium: a member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus, including some that can cause disease.
Electron: a stable subatomic particle with a charge of negative electricity, found in all atoms and acting as the primary carrier of electricity in solids.
Metabolism: the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Respiration: a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.

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What Happens When Predators Disappear?

Wed, 17 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Ecosystem: a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Herbivore: an animal that feeds on plants.
Top predator: a predator without natural predators of its own.
Trophic cascade: an ecological phenomenon triggered by the addition or removal of top predators.

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Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves?

Tue, 16 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Antibody: a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances which the body recognizes as alien, such as bacteria, viruses, and foreign substances in the blood.
Globulin: any of a group of simple proteins soluble in salt solutions and forming a large fraction of blood serum protein.
Poison: a substance that is capable of causing the illness or death of a living organism when introduced or absorbed.
Venom: a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes, spiders, and scorpions and typically injected into prey or aggressors by biting or stinging.

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Why Do Butterflies Bother Being Caterpillars?

Mon, 15 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Metamorphosis: a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure.
Holometabolous: a type of metamorphosis (also known as "complete metamorphosis") that involves four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
Hemimetamolous: a type of metamorphosis (also known as "incomplete metamorphosis") that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage.

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Hamsters vs Gerbil

Sun, 14 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Categorize Mice

Sat, 13 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How To Take A Dinosaur's Temperature

Fri, 12 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Clumped Isotopes: heavy isotopes that are bonded to other heavy isotopes.
Ectotherm: any animal whose regulation of body temperature depends on external sources.
Endotherm: an animal that is dependent on or capable of the internal generation of heat.
Isotope: each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular.
Mesotherm: a type of animal with a thermoregulatory strategy intermediate to cold-blooded ectotherms and warm-blooded endotherms.
Metabolism: the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

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The Species That Broke Evolution?

Thu, 11 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Stabilomorph: A species that retains a stable form over millions of years.
Molecular Evolutionary Rate: The frequency with which DNA or protein sequences are fixed in a population.
Ship of Theseus Paradox: A philosophical thought experiment that asks if an object is still the same if all of its original components are replaced over time.

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Why There Are No King Bees

Wed, 10 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Haplodiploidy: is a sex-determination system in which males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid, and females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid.
Sex determination in honeybees: In honeybees, the drones (males) are entirely derived from the queen, their mother. The diploid queen has 32 chromosomes and the haploid drones have 16 chromosomes. Drones produce sperm cells that contain their entire genome, so the sperm are all genetically identical except for mutations.
Eusocial: showing an advanced level of social organization, in which a single female or caste produces offspring and nonreproductive individuals cooperate in caring for the young.
Fertilize: cause (an egg, female animal, or plant) to develop a new individual by introducing male reproductive material.
Genetics: the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
Queen Bee: the single reproductive female in a hive or colony of honeybees.
Sterile: not able to produce children or young.

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The Deadliest Thing At The Beach

Tue, 09 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Jetty: a breakwater constructed to protect or defend a harbor, stretch of coast, or riverbank.
Rip current: a relatively strong, narrow current flowing outward from the beach through the surf zone and presenting a hazard to swimmers.
Rip tide: a strong current caused by tidal flow in confined areas such as inlets and presenting a hazard to swimmers and boaters. A similar but distinct phenomenon often confused for a rip current.
Sandbar: a deposit of sand forming a shallow area in the sea or a river.
Surf zone: the area of the ocean where waves break near the shoreline.
Undertow: a current of water below the surface and moving in a different direction from any surface current. Also distinct from a rip current.
Wave Set Up: elevation of the mean water level at the shoreline due to wave breaking in the surf zone.

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ALL Plants Have Color Vision?!

Mon, 08 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Shade avoidance: changes in plant body form and function that occur in response to the light signals provided by neighboring vegetation
Photoreceptors: light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms
Far-red light: light at the extreme red end of the visible spectrum, just before infrared light (wavelength of ~700 to 750 nm)

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Frogger

Sun, 07 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Plowed Owls

Sat, 06 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Monkeys Can Only Count To Four

Fri, 05 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Approximate number system: A cognitive system that supports the estimation of the magnitude of a group without relying on language or symbols.
Violation of expectancy looking time measure: A technique used to determine if subjects were surprised by an outcome of an experiment based on the idea that surprising outcomes resulted in longer looking times.
Cross-species comparison: Comparisons across species that differ in cognitive character.

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The Truth About Petri Dishes 🧫

Thu, 04 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Petri dish: a shallow, circular, transparent dish with a flat lid, used for the culture of microorganisms.

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memes go viral cuz they're so sick

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Basic reproduction number: a figure expressing the average number of cases of an infectious disease arising by transmission from a single infected individual, in a population that has not previously encountered the disease.
Epidemic: a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
Meme: an image, video, piece of text, etc., typically humorous in nature, that is copied and spread rapidly by internet users, often with slight variations.
Viral: of the nature of, caused by, or relating to a virus or viruses. Or relating to or involving an image, video, piece of information, etc., that is circulated rapidly and widely from one internet user to another.

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How Does Birth Control Work?

Tue, 02 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Contraception: the use of devices, drugs, or surgery to prevent pregnancy - also known as birth control.
Progestin: the synthetic form of progesterone, a sex hormone that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Gametes: haploid reproductive cells including sperm and eggs.

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Why is the number of languages "increasing"?

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Language death: when a language loses its last known native speaker.
Species extinction: the termination of a species by the death of its last member.
Ethnologue.com: the world’s foremost authority on the languages of the world and their current status.

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Invasive Pythons

Sun, 30 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Smooshed Snakes

Sat, 29 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Don't We Eat Carnivores?

Fri, 28 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Biomagnification: the process by which substances (usually harmful ones) in the natural environment gradually increase in concentration along the food chain
Trophic level: A level or position in a food chain, a food web, or an ecological pyramid.
Herbivore: an organism that mostly feeds on plants
Omnivore: an organism that feeds on plants and animals
Carnivore: an organism that eats exclusively - or almost exclusively - animals.

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Why does the north get more total eclipses?

Thu, 27 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Annular Eclipse: an eclipse of the sun in which the edge of the sun remains visible as a bright ring around the moon.
Elliptical orbit: when an object moves around another object in an oval shaped path.
Latitude: the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, or of a celestial object north or south of the celestial equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.
Total Eclipse: an eclipse of the sun in which the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, completely blocking the face of the Sun.

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What’s Eating The Titanic?

Wed, 26 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Anoxia: the absence of oxygen
Chemosynthesis: the synthesis of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using energy derived from reactions involving inorganic chemicals, typically in the absence of sunlight.
Corrode: destroy or damage (metal, stone, or other materials) slowly by chemical action.
Decomposer: an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material.

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Why Do All YouTube Videos Look Alike?

Tue, 25 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Convergent Evolution: The process by which certain species independently evolve similar traits.
Carcinization: a form of convergent evolution in which non-crab crustaceans evolve a crab-like body plan.
Decapods: Crustaceans including lobsters, crabs, crayfish, and shrimp.
YouTube algorithm: A secret set of complex computer-based rules that recommends videos presumably to increase user engagement.

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Who’s Eating All The Spiders?

Mon, 24 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Probability distribution: A function giving the probability of a certain measure having a certain value.
Skewness: A measure of how asymmetrical a distribution looks like.
Multimodal distribution: A distribution with more than one peak.

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Hedgehogs Survey

Sun, 23 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Perfect Predator

Sat, 22 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Weird Things Animals Do During Eclipses

Fri, 21 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Behavior: the way in which an animal or person acts in response to a particular situation or stimulus.

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How Much Gold is in Our Poop?

Thu, 20 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Pathogens: Organisms that can cause disease.
Reuse of Human Excreta: The safe and beneficial use of treated human poop.
Biogas: A renewable energy source that’s a combination of methane and carbon dioxide.
Black soldier fly larvae: Among the most efficient animals at converting biomass into feed.
Biosolids: Solid organic matter retrieved from the sewage treatment process that can be used as fertilizer among other uses.

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Inside The Sunny Center of a Hurricane

Wed, 19 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Subsidence: the downward movement of an air parcel as it cools and becomes denser
Vortex: a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line

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The Never Ending Lightning Storm

Mon, 17 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Lightning hotspot: is a geographic location where there is a higher frequency of lightning activity compared to surrounding areas.
Lightning flash frequency: refers to the average number of lightning strikes occurring in a specific area over a given period of time. It can be measured in flashes per km2 per year.
Convergent windflow:
Coastal breeze: is the movement of air from the ocean to the land (onshore breeze) or from the land to the ocean (offshore breeze). The direction of the breeze is determined by the temperature difference between the land and the water.
Convective instability: is a meteorological term that describes the atmospheric condition favorable for the development of convection, which is the vertical movement of air. This instability is a key factor in the formation of thunderstorms and other convective weather phenomena.

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Identify Antibodies

Sun, 16 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Capillary Action

Sat, 15 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Don't Electric Eels Shock Themselves?

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Electrocyte: a modified muscle or nerve cell that generates electricity in the electric organ of certain fishes

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The time I was a human incubator

Thu, 13 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Preterm birth: Babies born before 37 weeks of gestation. Complications from prematurity kill more than 900,000 children each year.
Incubator: An enclosed apparatus providing a controlled environment for premature babies.
Sepsis: A life-threatening complication from infection.
Hypothermia: A medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it.

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Why Flushing Isn't For Everyone

Wed, 12 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Sewage system: A network of pipes that conveys sewage from a point of origin to a treatment plant.
Fecal pathogens: Bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can infect people through feces contamination.
Utility decentralization: The process of bringing the production of utilities like energy closer to the place it is consumed instead of from a central location farther away.
Reuse of human excreta: The safe or beneficial reuse of treated human poop for things like fuel or fertilizer.

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Why Hurricane Paths Are WEIRD

Tue, 11 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Fujiwhara effect: a phenomenon that occurs when two nearby cyclonic vortices move around each other and close the distance between the circulations of their corresponding low-pressure areas.
Tropical Cyclone: a localized, very intense low-pressure wind system, forming over tropical oceans and with winds of hurricane force.

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The Antarctic Ocean is WEIRD

Mon, 10 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Antarctic Circumpolar Current: an ocean current that flows clockwise from west to east around Antarctica.
Polar Gigantism: The phenomenon that animals near the poles are larger than their temperate counterparts.

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Plague Test

Sun, 09 Nov 2025 09:10:00 -0000

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False Results

Sat, 08 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Did It Take Us So Long?

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 09:10:00 -0000

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Zoophily: a form of pollination whereby pollen is transferred by animals
Hydrophily: a type of pollination in which pollen is dispersed by the flow of water
Seaweed: massive, multicellular algae
Spermatia: a nonmotile male gamete of red alga

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Eclipses Used To Be Terrifying

Thu, 06 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Saros: a period of about 18 years between repetitions of solar and lunar eclipses.

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Apparently tree FINGERPRINTS are a thing

Wed, 05 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Spectral fingerprint: the distinctive pattern of radiation reflected by a surface (or a species) as a function of the wavelength
Spectroscopy: the field of study that measures and interprets the electromagnetic spectra that result from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter as a function of the wavelength or frequency of the radiation

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How eclipses proved that the Earth is slowing down

Tue, 04 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Corona: the outermost part of the Sun's atmosphere.
General Relativity: a theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein that says that the observed gravitational effect between masses results from their warping of spacetime.
Lunar Eclipse: an eclipse in which the moon appears darkened as it passes into the earth's shadow.
Solar Eclipse : an eclipse in which the sun is obscured by the moon.
Tidal Friction: strain produced in a celestial body (such as the Earth or Moon) that undergoes cyclic variations in gravitational attraction as it orbits, or is orbited by, a second body.

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Why Do Weeping Willows Weep?

Mon, 03 Nov 2025 09:10:00 -0000

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Hormones: chemical messengers that are secreted directly into the blood, which carries them to organs and tissues of the body to exert their functions.

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Naming COVID-19

Sun, 02 Nov 2025 09:10:00 -0000

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Swine Flu

Sat, 01 Nov 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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This Chemical Does Nothing, But It's Still Bad For You

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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PFAS: A class of man-made molecules consisting of a fully (per) or partly (poly) fluorinated carbon chain connected to different functional groups.
Teflon: A type of PFAS - PTFE - used in making nonstick coating for cookware.
Fatty Acid: A hydrocarbon chain terminating with a carboxylic acid group.
Albumin: The main protein of human blood plasma.

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Is Bigger Better?

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Exoskeleton: a rigid external covering for the body in some invertebrate animals, especially arthropods, providing both support and protection.
Endoskeleton: an internal skeleton, such as the bony or cartilaginous skeleton of vertebrates.
Leverage: the exertion of force by means of a lever or an object used in the manner of a lever.
Square-cube law: a mathematical principle, applied in a variety of scientific fields, which describes the relationship between the volume and the surface area as a shape's size increases or decreases.

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The WEIRD Way Monkeys Got to America

Wed, 29 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Oceanic dispersal: A type of biological dispersal where terrestrial animals transfer from one land mass to another via a sea crossing.
Rafting event: Oceanic dispersal that happens via floating vegetation.
Platyrrhini: The so-called “New World Monkeys” that descended from African simians that arrived in South America roughly 30-40 million years ago.
South Equatorial Current: A current maintained by the trade winds that flows westward along the equator.

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In The Future, Death Will Be Different

Tue, 28 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Global Burden of Disease Study: A comprehensive look at morbidity and mortality that measures lost human potential due to ill health caused by disease.
Aging-associated Diseases: Diseases that increase in frequency with senescence, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, cataracts, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and Alzheimer's disease.
Global Catastrophic Risk: A risk that could inflict serious damage to human well-being on a global scale.
Doomsday Clock: A metaphor that represents how close humanity is to self-destruction.
Antiretroviral Therapy: A combination of drugs that suppresses HIV replication in infected individuals.
PrEP: Pre-exposure prophylactic medications that work to prevent at-risk individuals from contracting HIV.

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Why Do People Hate Koalas? (ft. @tibees )

Mon, 27 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Fecal pap: a mixture of contents from an herbivore mother's caecum that colonizes the joey's gut with bacteria.
Marsupial: a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely developed and are typically carried and suckled in a pouch on the mother's belly.

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Micro Extinction

Sun, 26 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Softwood Pollination

Sat, 25 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Are They All In Antarctica?

Fri, 24 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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ANSMET: a program funded by the Office of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation that looks for meteorites in the Transantarctic Mountains.
Glacier: a slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.
Meteorite: a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground.

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Should More Species Be Extinct?

Thu, 23 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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IUCN: The International Union for Conservation of Nature is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, and education.

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These Countries Are Cheating

Wed, 22 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Paris Agreement: a 2015 treaty negotiated by 196 parties that aims to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.
Carbon emissions: the release of carbon compounds into the atmosphere, mostly in the form of CO2.
Carbon sink: anything - like a forest - that absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases.
Flaring: the process of burning off excess gas from an oil or gas well or refinery.
Climate TRACE: a nonprofit that uses satellite data to project emissions.

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How Fish Get Away With Being Colorful

Tue, 21 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Visual resolution: the ability to see fine spatial detail

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Why Most Fossils Are Incomplete

Mon, 20 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Taphonomy: the branch of paleontology that deals with the processes of fossilization
Debris flow: a moving mass of loose mud, sand, soil, rock, water and air that travels down a slope under the influence of gravity

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Softwood Hardness

Sun, 19 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Janka Scale

Sat, 18 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Ancient Humans Made Millions Of These - We Don’t Know Why

Fri, 17 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Acheulean handaxe: large, chipped stone objects which represent the oldest, most common, and longest-used formally-shaped working tool in human history.
Microscopy: the technical field of using microscopes to view samples & objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye.
Microlith: small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically a centimeter or so in length and half a centimeter wide.

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Why We Haven’t Learned More In 101 Years Of Trying

Thu, 16 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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European Eel: A long-lived, snakelike fish native to the rivers of Europe.
Eel, Pie, and Mash: A common meal of poorer Englishmen for the last several centuries.
Spontaneous Generation: The hypothetical process by which organisms would generate from non-living matter.
The Eel Question: A matter of great debate for millenia - specifically: how do eels reproduce and where do they come from?
Sargasso Sea: A region of the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Bermuda bounded by four currents forming an ocean gyre that is recognizable by the large presence of Sargassum seaweed.

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This Is Not A Bug

Wed, 15 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Bug: a small insect, or an insect of a large order distinguished by having mouthparts that are modified for piercing and sucking.
Entomology: the branch of zoology concerned with the study of insects.
Etymology: the study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.
Insect: a small arthropod animal that has six legs and generally one or two pairs of wings.

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How Caffeine Accidentally Took Over The World

Tue, 14 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Alkaloid: any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds of plant origin which have pronounced physiological actions on humans.
Allelopathy: the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
Caffeine: a crystalline compound that is found especially in tea and coffee plants and is a stimulant of the central nervous system.
Pesticide: a substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to plants or to animals.

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Is Pregnancy A Disease?

Mon, 13 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Softwood Evolution

Sun, 12 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Colloquial and Taxonomic

Sat, 11 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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You Can’t Actually Die Of Old Age

Fri, 10 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Cause of death: the specific injury or disease that leads to death.
Death certificate: an official statement, signed by a physician, of the cause, date, and place of a person's death.
Geriatrics: a medical specialty focused on providing care for the unique health needs of older adults.
Old age: the range of ages nearing and surpassing the life expectancy of human beings
Senescence: the condition or process of deterioration with age.

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The Weird Sex Lives of Bluegills

Thu, 09 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Alternative mating strategy: a strategy used by male or female animals, often with distinct phenotypes, that differs from the prevailing mating strategy.
Dependent selection: an evolutionary process by which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype depends on the phenotype or genotype composition of a given population.

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The Disease You Will Never Survive

Wed, 08 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Prion: an abnormal pathogenic agent that is transmissible and able to induce abnormal folding of specific normal cellular proteins called prion proteins that are found most abundantly in the brain.
Spongiform encephalopathies: a group of rare degenerative brain disorders caused by prions and characterized by tiny holes that give the brain a “spongy” appearance.
Amyloid: an abnormal aggregate of protein.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: also known as subacute spongiform encephalopathy or neurocognitive disorder due to prion disease, is an invariably fatal degenerative brain disorder. Early symptoms include memory problems, behavioral changes, poor coordination, and visual disturbances. Later symptoms include dementia, involuntary movements, blindness, weakness, and coma. About 70% of people die within a year of diagnosis.

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Why Do Heart Attacks Cause Arm Pain?

Tue, 07 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Nerve: a whitish fiber or bundle of fibers that transmits impulses of sensation to the brain or spinal cord, and impulses from these to the muscles and organs.
Nerve impulse: a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber. It consists of a wave of electrical depolarization that reverses the potential difference across the nerve cell membranes.
Referred pain: pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus/origin. It is the result of a network of interconnecting sensory nerves that supplies many different tissues.
Sensory cortex: the region of the brain that deals with sensory information.

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What Is The Best Shape For A Farm?

Mon, 06 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Central pivot irrigation: an irrigation system that moves in a circular pattern around a central pivot point
Contour farming: tilling sloped land along lines of consistent elevation in order to conserve rainwater and to reduce soil losses from erosion
Strip cropping: partitioning a field into long, narrow strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system
Terracing: a method of farming consisting of building platforms along a slope

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Angiosperms and Gymnosperms

Sun, 05 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Hardwoods and Softwoods

Sat, 04 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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When Was The Worst Time In History To Die?

Fri, 03 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Comorbidity: the simultaneous presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient.
Schistosomiasis: a disease caused by liver flukes that has affected humans for more than 100,000 years.
Meta-analysis: an examination of data from a number of independent studies of the same subject, in order to determine overall trends.
Prehistory: the period between when modern humans first appeared and the dawn of agriculture.
Columbian exchange: the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas were introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to North and South America and vice versa.
Zoonosis: a disease which can be transmitted to humans from animals.

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The 3 Reasons This Tree Has Lived 5000 Years

Thu, 02 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Great basin bristlecone pine tree: a species of pine tree that includes many of the longest-lived individual trees on Earth.
Bark beetles: the common name for a subfamily of beetles that has destroyed millions of acres of forest across the Western United States.
Terpenes: waxy chemicals that increase wood density in certain pine trees.
Bark morphology: a trait of certain bristlecones in which strips of exposed wood extend up and down the tree, allowing them to pass nutrients even when other parts of the trunk have died.
Dolomite: a type of rock high in magnesium and calcium that turns into extremely alkaline soils.
Extremophile: an organism that is tolerant to environmental extremes.

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Why It's Impossible To Win a Nuclear War

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Black carbon: groups of linked carbon atoms.
Fallout: radioactive particles that are carried into the atmosphere after a nuclear explosion or accident and gradually fall back as dust or in precipitation.
Jet stream: a narrow variable band of very strong predominantly westerly air currents encircling the globe several miles above the earth.
Radiation: the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves or as moving subatomic particles, especially high-energy particles which cause ionization.
Weapon yield: the amount of energy released when that particular nuclear weapon is detonated, usually expressed as a TNT equivalent.

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When Tree Planting Goes Wrong

Tue, 30 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Afforestation: the process of introducing trees and tree seedlings to an area that has previously not been forested.
Carbon sequestration: a process by which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and held in solid or liquid form.
Ecological restoration: the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed.
Moor: wet, upland habitats characterized by low-growing shrubs, grasses, bog-mosses, and damp, peaty soils.

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Which Is Worse: Underpopulation Or Overpopulation?

Mon, 29 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Overpopulation: a situation in which there are too many people for the amount of food, materials, and space available.
Underpopulation: a situation in which there are too few people to realize the economic potential of an area or support its population's standard of living.
Exponential growth: a pattern of data that shows greater increases with passing time, creating the curve of an exponential function.
Extreme poverty: an income below the international poverty line of ~$2/day
Total fertility rate: the average number of children born to each woman over her lifetime.
Population bomb: a theory that the human population would grow faster than available food supplies.

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Balsa Hardwood

Sun, 28 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Dog Years

Sat, 27 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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What if We Replaced Nuclear With Potatoes

Fri, 26 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Calorie: the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water through 1°C (now usually defined as 4.1868 joules).
Energy: power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines.
Joule: the SI unit of work or energy, equal to the work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour.
Watt: the SI unit of power, equivalent to one joule per second, corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt and the current one ampere.
Watt-hour: a measure of electrical energy equivalent to a power consumption of one watt for one hour.

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How We Learned That Water Isn't An Element

Thu, 25 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Chemical element: is a species of atoms that have a given number of protons in their nuclei. Chemical elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by any chemical reaction.
Atom: is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.
Molecule: is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds.
Inflammable air: an old name for hydrogen.
Hydrogen: is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe. Early chemists identified hydrogen gas because it was colorless, odorless and highly combustible. Hydrogen means "maker of water" in Greek.
Dephlogisticated air: an old name for oxygen.
Oxygen: is Earth's most abundant element. Early chemists identified oxygen gas because it was colorless, odorless and was essential for respiration and combustion.
Diatomic molecules: are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements. At standard conditions, both hydrogen and oxygen are gasses of diatomic molecules (H2 and O2, respectively).
Water: is an inorganic, transparent, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance, which is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms. It is vital for all known forms of life. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms.
Combustion (or burning): is a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidizing agent (like oxygen gas), that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
Electrolysis: is a technique that uses direct electric current to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction.
Avogadro's Law (sometimes referred to as Avogadro's hypothesis): is an experimental gas law that states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules.

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There’s No Such Thing As “Warm-” Or “Cold-” Blooded

Wed, 24 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Thermoregulation: the strategy through which the body maintains its internal temperature.
Endotherm: an animal that generates most of its heat internally.
Ectotherm: an animal that relies on environmental heat sources.
Mesotherm: an animal with an intermediate heat generating strategy.
Poikilotherm: an animal whose internal temperature varies considerably.
Heterotherm: an animal that sometimes keeps its body temperature the same and sometimes lets it vary.
Homeotherm: an animal whose internal temperature does not change much.

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Mushroom Wars

Tue, 23 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Fungi: Members of a eukaryotic kingdom that have chitin in their cell walls and do not photosynthesize.
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of certain trees.
Symbiosis: A close and long-term relationship between two unlike organisms.
Saprotrophic Fungi: Fungi that decompose the remains of other biological entities.
Gadgil Effect: The phenomenon that occurs when saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi compete in forest soils.
Volatile Organic Compounds: Organic compounds that easily evaporate at room temperature.

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The Couch Candy Protocol

Mon, 22 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Species accumulation curve: a graph recording the cumulative number of species recorded as a function of the cumulative effort expended searching for them.

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Different Thunders

Sun, 21 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Thunder Shockwave

Sat, 20 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Plant You Don’t Have To Water

Fri, 19 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Epiphyte: a plant that grows on another plant but does not feed from it

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We Have No Idea Why

Thu, 18 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Bioluminescence: the biochemical emission of light by living organisms such as fireflies and deep-sea fishes.
Biofluorescence: The emission of previously absorbed light by fluorescent proteins in a living organism.
Luciferin: an organic substance, present in luminescent organisms such as fireflies, that produces light when oxidized by the action of the enzyme luciferase.

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When 90dB is LOUDER than 120dB

Wed, 17 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Decibels (dB): a unit used to measure changes in pressure or power.
Loudness: the intensity with which a sound is perceived.
Weighted decibels (dBA): decibels that try to take into account our sensitivity for different frequencies to better approximate loudness.
Frequency: the rate at which something occurs. In the context of sound it usually means 'sound waves per second'.
Audible: perceptible for the human ear.
High sound: a sound that has a high (fast) frequency
Low sound: a sound that has a low (slow) frequency
Resonance: When multiple things have a similar frequency they will tend to move together and amplify each other.
Echolocation: Using sound to "see". Bats use this to hunt in the dark.
Equal loudness contours: Curves that show the sensitivity of the human ear along the frequency spectrum.

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Why Weather Forecasts Suck

Tue, 16 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Front: a boundary separating air masses of different characteristics, such as air density, wind, temperature, and humidity
Frontal rainfall: occurs when a warm air mass comes in contact with a colder air mass
Convectional rainfall: occurs when the sun's energy heats the surface of the Earth, causing water to evaporate to form water vapour
Nowcasting: weather forecasting limited to periods less than a few hours

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What Happens When A Volcano Meets a Glacier?

Mon, 15 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Decompression Melting: Mantle melting that involves the upward movement of Earth's mostly-solid mantle.
Flux Melting: Melting that occurs when water and other volatile components are introduced to hot solid rock.
Glaciation: the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets.
Magma: Hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.

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Shock wave

Sun, 14 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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What’s Thunder

Sat, 13 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How Do Abortion Pills Work?

Fri, 12 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Medication abortion/pill-based abortion: an abortion that uses pills, rather than surgical intervention
Self-managed abortion: a pill-based abortion done by an individual without medical guidance
Progesterone: a hormone made by the body that plays a role in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy
Cervix: the narrow passage forming the lower end of the uterus
Contraction: a shortening of the uterine muscles

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Why Continents Are High

Thu, 11 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Tectonic plate: Earth’s rigid outer layer is broken up into a bunch of pieces, called tectonic plates. Usually people think of tectonic plates as the Earth’s crust, but the plates are actually made of the crust PLUS the very top of the mantle, which is cool enough to be rigid and hard and stuck to the crust. The crust and the top of the mantle together are called the “lithosphere.” Underneath that is a part of the mantle called the “asthenosphere,” which is the part that oozes and flows.
Subduction Zone: The area where two tectonic plates collide and the denser of the two is forced under and dives down into Earth’s mantle.
Mariana Trench: The subduction zone where the Pacific Plate slides under the Philippine Plate. The edge of the Philippine plate is kind of pulled down in the process, creating a deep crevice in Earth’s surface, known as a deep ocean trench. The Mariana Trench is the deepest ocean trench in the world.
Granite: A type of igneous rock formed when magma cools slowly underground (creating relatively large crystals). Granite is different from other igneous rocks like basalt because it has a higher percentage of low-density minerals like quartz and feldspar.
Oceanic-Continental Convergent Plate Boundary: The boundary between a tectonic plate made of oceanic lithosphere and a tectonic plate made of continental lithosphere. At these “convergent” plate boundaries, the two plates are colliding, and the oceanic plate is forced to subduct, or sink, under the continental plate.
Ring of Fire: A long stretch around the Pacific Ocean where plates are colliding. The majority of volcanoes and earthquakes in the world take place along the Ring of Fire.
Silicate minerals: These are the low-density minerals like quartz and feldspar. They contain SiO2. Because silicate minerals are thick/viscous when melted, magma with lots of silica in it forms very explosive volcanoes, like Mt. St. Helens and Mt. Tambora.

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Our Lungs Have A Fatal Flaw

Wed, 10 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Alveolus: any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.
Bronchiole: any of the minute branches into which a bronchus divides.
PM 2.5: tiny particles or droplets in the air that are two and one half microns or less in width.
PM 10: inhalable particles, with diameters that are generally 10 micrometers and smaller.
Nasopharynx: the upper part of the pharynx, connecting with the nasal cavity above the soft palate.

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Vampire Life is Hard

Tue, 09 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Hematophagy: the practice by some species of feeding on the blood of other animals.
Hemoglobin: a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Free radicals: unstable atoms that can damage cells.
Anticoagulant: a substance that inhibits the coagulation of the blood.

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Do Other Diseases Have "Long" Versions?

Mon, 08 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Sequelae: Chronic complications of an acute condition.
RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus infects a majority of children before the age of two.
SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome is a coronavirus-caused respiratory disease responsible for an outbreak in 2002-2003.
Cytokine Storm: A sudden increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines that causes a severe immune reaction.
Fibrosis: Pathological wound healing that leads to the formation of scar tissue.

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Whale Sounds

Sun, 07 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Stable Stations

Sat, 06 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Actual Reason Men Die First

Fri, 05 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Chromosome: a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Gene: the basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
Mutation: the changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes.
Recessive allele: a type of allele which will not be manifested in an individual unless both of the individual's copies of that gene have that particular genotype.
Transposon: a chromosomal segment that can undergo transposition, especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole between chromosomal, phage, and plasmid DNA in the absence of a complementary sequence in the host DNA.

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Why Is There So Much Land In The North?

Thu, 04 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Continental drift: An early theory of land movement that posited that the continents floated on the ocean bed.
Tetrahedral hypothesis: An early theory that attempted to explain the arrangement of Earth’s continents and oceans based on the geometry of a tetrahedron.
Plate tectonics: The generally accepted theory that the Earth’s surface is made up of a series of tectonic plates that slowly move around on top of the mantle.
Pangea: The most recent supercontinent to form on Earth, during the late Paleozoic era.
Great Rift Valley: A series of contiguous geographic trenches between two tectonic plates where humans first evolved.
Aurica: A potential future supercontinent predicted to form in about 200 million years.

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The Super Secrets of Sewage

Wed, 03 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Microbiome - the microorganisms in a particular environment (including the body or a part of the body).
Wastewater - water that has been used in the home, in a business, or as part of an industrial process.
Viral shedding - releasing a virus into the environment through sneezing, coughing, or feces.

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They all do the same, but we still need them

Tue, 02 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Ecological redundancy (also: functional redundancy or functional equivalence): the ecological phenomena that multiple species representing a variety of taxonomic groups can share similar roles in ecosystem functionality
Legume: a plant in the Fabaceae family
Nitrogen fixation: the chemical process by which atmospheric nitrogen is assimilated into organic compounds

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Where Will The Next Pandemic Come From?

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Zoonosis: A disease that can be transmitted to humans by animals
Hyper reservoirs: Animals that naturally are home to multiple infectious agents.
Spillover: Transmission of a zoonosis from an animal reservoir to a human.
Life history strategy: An evolutionary strategy that involves tradeoffs among growth, survival, and reproduction.

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Bertha Benz

Sun, 31 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Favorite Green

Sat, 30 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Water Dissolves (Almost) Everything

Fri, 29 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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solvent: a substance that dissolves a solute
solubility: the relative ability of a solute to dissolve into a solvent

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Screens are NOT the reason kids need glasses 👀

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Lens: A transparent biconvex structure in the eye that can change its shape to change the focal distance.
Retina: A layer at the back of the eyeball containing cells that are sensitive to light.
Fovea: A small depression in the retina where visual acuity is highest.
Myopia: A common vision condition in which distant objects are blurry.
Hyperopia: A vision condition in which nearer objects are blurry.
Emmetropization: The process by which the eye grows in order to maximize visual acuity.
Dopamine: A neurotransmitter in the retina that tells the eyeball to stop growing once it has gotten to the ideal length.
Near Work Hypothesis: The theory that the modern myopia epidemic was a result of humans spending more time looking at nearby objects.

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The Freshwater Paradox

Wed, 27 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Speciation: The formation of new and distinct species.
Sympatric speciation: The evolution of new species from ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region.
Allopatric speciation: Speciation that occurs when a population becomes separated by a geographic barrier.
Adaptive radiation: The diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.

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Why Do Humans Vomit So Much? 🤮

Tue, 26 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Emesis: The act of vomiting
Vomiting: The oral eviction of gastrointestinal contents due to contractions in the gut and stomach.
Nausea: A diffuse sensation of uneasiness and discomfort often felt as the need to vomit.
Vomiting Center: An area in the brain’s medulla oblongata that initiates and controls emesis.
Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone: An area in the area postrema of the medulla oblongata that is sensitive to certain toxic chemicals in the blood.
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius: A region in the medulla oblongata that receives input from the cardiovascular, respiratory and GI systems.
Vagus Nerve: A cranial nerve that regulates internal organ functions, including vomiting.
Vestibular System: A Sensory system that provides our brain with information about motion, head position, and spatial positioning for balance.

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Is Soil Alive?

Mon, 25 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Soil health: the continued capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within ecosystem and land-use boundaries, to sustain biological productivity, promote the quality of air and water environments, and maintain plant, animal, and human health
Living system: an open self-organizing life form that interacts with its environment
Ecosystem services: varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and from healthy ecosystems

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Disasters Price

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Cheaper Alternatives

Sat, 23 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Bitcoin mining is a lot like reindeer mating 🪙💖🦌

Fri, 22 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Bitcoin: a digital currency known as a cryptocurrency, which uses a proof-of-work consensus to validate transactions and create new units of Bitcoin.
Proof-of-work: a decentralized consensus mechanism that requires members of a network to expend effort solving an arbitrary mathematical puzzle to prevent malicious activity
Blockchain: a record of transactions made in Bitcoin or another cryptocurrency maintained across several linked computers, which can also be used in non-cryptocurrency applications
Mining: the process of validating transactions and creating new Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies
Sexual selection: a form of natural selection driven by competition between members of a species of one sex for access to mating partners of another sex that favors certain characteristics

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The Cheapest Way To Save A Life

Thu, 21 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Vitamin A: A group of nutrients called retinoids used in several different processes in the human body.
Malaria: A serious disease carried by parasites in a certain type of mosquito that feeds on humans.
Value of Life: The economic value used to quantify the benefit of avoiding a fatality
Upstream interventions: Approaches to healthcare that address root causes rather than symptoms.
Night Blindness: An early symptom of Vitamin A deficiency in which the eye is unable to process low levels of light.

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Which is Worse?

Wed, 20 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Aqueous humour: The clear fluid filling the space in the front of the eyeball between the lens and the cornea.
Bone remodeling: The continuous process of synthesis and destruction that gives bone its mature structure and maintains normal calcium levels in the body.
Ligament: A short band of tough, flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
Sprain: A stretching or tearing of ligaments.

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Why The Ocean Needs Salt

Tue, 19 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Salt: chemical compounds made of positively- and negatively-charged particles called “ions” like sodium and chloride
Convection current: the movement of fluid, like water, due to a difference in temperature and/or density
Hydrothermal vent: a fissure on the seafloor that takes in dense ocean water and discharges water heated by volcanic activity below the seafloor.

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Why The Weather Is Worse At The Mall

Mon, 18 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Evapotranspiration: the return of water to the atmosphere from the ground surface.
Troposphere: The lowest region of the Earth’s atmosphere, extending usually to around 10 km above the Earth’s surface.
Tropopause: The top-most boundary of the troposphere.
Low Pressure System: An area of relatively low pressure that draws air into it, causing converging winds.
Micro-climate: The climate of a very small or restricted area.
Heat Island: An urban area that has higher average temperatures than its surrounding due to the heat absorption of materials like concrete and asphalt.

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Coal Harm

Sun, 17 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Specific Energy

Sat, 16 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How Birds Fooled Military Radar

Fri, 15 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Radar aeroecology - the use of radar to study airborne life, like birds, bats, and bugs
Radar ornithology - the use of radar to study birds, especially bird migration
Dual-polarization radar - radar that transmits and receives waves in both a horizontal and vertical orientation, giving a better idea of a target’s size, shape, and variety.
Doppler effect - a change in a wave’s frequency in relation to whatever is observing it, such as a radar, but also your ears (it’s the reason a sound like an ambulance siren changes as it gets closer or further away from you).

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The Most Common Allergy In The World

Thu, 14 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Allergy: A damaging immune response by the body to a substance.
Allergen: The substance that causes the allergic reaction.
Urushiol: The allergen in poison ivy and poison oak.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An allergic response caused by contact with a substance that causes rash or lesions at the site of the exposure.
Langerhans Cell: An immune sentinel that lives in the epidermis of the skin but can travel to nearby lymph nodes.
Helper T Cell: A type of white blood cell that activates immune responses in the body.
Thrush: A white skin rash caused by the fungus candida.
Anaphylaxis: A whole body allergic reaction that can include throat swelling.

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Why The Shortest Day Of The Year Isn't The Coldest

Wed, 13 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Astronomical seasons - seasons that are defined by equinoxes and solstices (not temperature or weather)
Equinox: the time/dates at which the sun crosses the celestial equator, when day and night are of approximately equal length
Solstice: the time/dates at which the sun reaches its maximum or minimum declination, marked by the longest and shortest days
Seasonal lag: the phenomenon by which the hottest/coldest days of the year are delayed until after the days with the most/least sunlight

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The Plankton Paradox

Tue, 12 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Competitive Exclusion Principle: The idea that two similar species cannot inhabit the same ecological niche.
Phytoplankton: Microscopic flora that drift with the ocean currents.
Lotka-Volterra Competitive Equations: A simple model of the population dynamics of species competing for the same resources.

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Why Some Fruits Won’t Ripen On Your Counter

Mon, 11 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

climacteric: a pattern of fruit ripening associated with increased ethylene production and a rise in cellular respiration (meaning that the fruit can ripen off the plant)
nonclimacteric: ripening that is not characterized by a peak of ethylene production or respiration (and must happen on the plant)

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Jet Fuel

Sun, 10 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Visible Plates

Sat, 09 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Hyena Butter: Everything You Did And Didn't Want To Know

Fri, 08 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Hurricane Category Scale Is Broken

Thu, 07 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Storm surge: a sea level rise caused by strong winds pushing the water and a change in atmospheric pressure of a storm.
Hurricane: a tropical cyclone occurring in the Atlantic Ocean or northeastern Pacific Ocean
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale: the current scale used to categorize hurricanes from 1 to 5 based on the hurricane’s maximum sustained wind speed.

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How To Solve Every Global Crisis

Wed, 06 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Ozone layer: A thin layer of ozone concentrated in the Earth’s stratosphere roughly 10 kilometers above that absorbs most of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation before it hits the Earth’s surface.
Ultraviolet radiation: Invisible rays of energy that come from the sun that can be harmful to humans and other lifeforms.
Chlorofluorocarbons: Also known as CFCs, these long man-made molecules used to be widely used refrigerants and solvents before it was discovered that - when exposed to ultraviolet radiation - their chlorine atoms would break off and combine with ozone molecules.
Smallpox: A virus that killed more than half a billion humans before being eradicated in 1980.
Disease Surveillance: A practice by which disease progressions are closely monitored in order to minimize the harm caused by outbreaks.

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The Place Where Time Flows Backwards

Tue, 05 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Science of Hobbit Gluttony

Mon, 04 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Metabolism: The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Square-cube Law: A mathematical principle which describes the relationship between the volume and the surface area as a shape's size increases or decreases.
Kleiber’s Law: The observation that, for the vast majority of animals, an animal's metabolic rate scales to the 3⁄4 power of the animal's mass.
Calorie: Unit of energy. One food calorie equals 1 kilocalorie.

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Sinking Plates

Sun, 03 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Convection Currents

Sat, 02 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Sharks Are Covered In Teeth

Fri, 01 Aug 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Dermal denticles: also called placoid scales, they’re the most primitive form of fish scales that are structurally similar to teeth and are today found only in sharks, rays, and chimaeras.
Outside-in theory: The strongest theory for the evolution of teeth, which are thought to have evolved from dermal denticle scales.
Ostracoderms: Extinct armored jawless fish that lived in the Paleozoic Era
Thelodonts: Extinct jawless fish that had individual scales as opposed to plates of armor
Placoderms: Now extinct, they were some of the first jawed fish and lived from the Silurian through the Devonian era.

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How A Whale And A Bear Beat The System

Thu, 31 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Megafauna: Large animals, usually over 45 Kgs.
Anthropocene era: A proposed time period delineated the age during which human activity has been the dominant force on the environment and the climate.
Holocene Extinction: An ongoing extinction event of species due to human activity.
Fertility Rate: The number of babies an organism has in its lifetime.
Omnivory: The ability to eat food from two different trophic levels.
Bubble-Net Feeding: A cooperative hunting technique where groups of whales use bubbles to disorient fish prey.

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How To Survive Poison

Wed, 30 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Poison: A substance that is capable of causing illness or death when introduced or absorbed.
Overdose: A dangerously large dose of a substance.
Biotransformation: The process by which foreign chemicals are transformed by the body into less toxic substances.
Polydipsia: The medical term for feelings of extreme thirst that can lead to hyponatremia.
Hyponatremia: Abnormally low sodium in the blood often caused by excessive water consumption.
Lethal Concentration - The concentration a substance needs to be in the bloodstream to kill 50% of subjects.
Metabolism - the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
Toxicity - the quality of being toxic or poisonous.
Excretion - the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.

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Why These Bears “Waste” Food

Tue, 29 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Foraging: to search widely for food.
Optimal Foraging Theory: A behavioral model that describes how an animal should behave when searching for food.
Surplus Killing: a common behavior exhibited by predators, in which they kill more prey than they can immediately eat and then cache or abandon the remainder.

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How Fevers REALLY Work

Mon, 28 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Fever: a rise in body temperature, usually caused by infection
Heat shock proteins (HSP): a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions
Neutrophils: white blood cells that play an important role in inflammation and are early responders to pathogens.
T cells: major components of the adaptive immune system whose roles include regulating the immune response to pathogens.

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Moving Plates

Sun, 27 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Plate Tectonics

Sat, 26 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How Long Did People Use To Live?

Fri, 25 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Life Expectancy At Birth: The average number of years a newborn in a particular group could expect to live.
Mortality Rate: The frequency of occurrence of death within a particular group during a particular time period.
Life Table: A table that shows the number of individuals within a group that survive from one year to the next until they are all dead.
Survivorship Curve: A plot of the data in a particular life table that shows the years on the x-axis and the number or percent of survivors on the y-axis.
Infant Mortality: The death of an infant before his or her first birthday.

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We don't know what a tree is (and this video won't tell you)

Thu, 24 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Wood: A bunch of cellulose fibers intertwined with lignin usually found in the trunk of a tree.
Trunk: A wooden stem that thickens over time.
Bonsai: An ornamental tree or shrub that is artificially prevented from reaching its normal size.
Shrub: A woody plant that is smaller than a tree.
Gymnosperm: A group of plants, including conifers, that have naked seeds.
Angiosperm: A group of plants, including lots of other “trees” that have enclosed seeds.
Monocots: A group of flowering plants - mostly angiosperms - with a single embryonic leaf that includes palm trees.
Dicots: A group of flowering plants - mostly angiosperms - with two embryonic leaves that includes oak trees.

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Why It's Good To Have A Weak Hand

Wed, 23 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Handedness: the tendency to use one hand more than the other for specific tasks

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An Unexpected Consequence of COVID

Tue, 22 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Particulate matter: often abbreviated PM, it is the sum of all the tiny particles and drops of liquid suspended in the air including soil, soot, dust, metals, and acids like nitrates.
Air quality: a measurement of how polluted the air is, judged by the level of known pollutants in the air like NO2 and particulate matter like soot.
Ozonolysis: an organic chemical reaction wherein ozone cleaves a carbon-carbon bond in unsaturated compounds.

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The Lost Penis Enigma

Mon, 21 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Amniote: Vertebrates whose embryos are enclosed in a thin sac.
Cloaca: A posterior orifice used for excretion and reproduction.
Cloacal Kiss: A method that penisless amniotes use to mate, which involves males and females momentarily pressing their cloacae together.
Tuatara: Reptiles endemic to New Zealand that are the only surviving members of their ancient amniote group.
Hemipenis: One of the paired copulatory organs of lizards and snakes.
Bmp4: A protein that, when present, stifles the growth of penises in chick embryos.
Convergent Evolution: The independent evolution of similar features in different species.

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Mountain weather

Sun, 20 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Soil creep

Sat, 19 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why We Faint (When Other Animals Don't)

Fri, 18 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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"Fight or flight": an instinctive physiological response to a threatening situation that readies animals (including humans) to either resist forcibly or escape
Fainting: loss of consciousness caused by a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain, also known as “syncope.”
Vasovagal syncope: a type of fainting that happens when your body overreacts to an emotional trigger like being in danger, seeing blood, or even just hearing some shocking news.
Tonic immobility: an instinctive physiological response to a threatening situation that causes some animals to relax their muscles and “freeze” in place, sometimes causing them to fall over
Jump scare: a technique often used in horror films meant to scare the audience with a sudden change on screen, usually paired with a loud sound

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How Do Some Waves Get SO Big?

Thu, 17 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Amplitude - The distance between the crest and trough of a wave.
Bathymetry - The measurement of depth of water in oceans, seas, or lakes.
Nazaré Canyon - An undersea canyon just off the coast of Nazaré, Portugal, in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean. It is the largest submarine canyon in Europe, reaching depths of about 5,000 meters (16,000 ft) deep and a length of about 230 kilometers (140 mi).
Plunging Breaker - Occurs when there are rapid depth changes. The crest of the wave becomes very steep, and the rear of the wave violently plunges over the front.
Reef Break - A location where waves break over a reef, often amplifying them.
Spilling Breaker - Occurs when the seafloor slopes gradually. As the wave becomes unstable, energy is dissipated by water spilling over the crest of the wave.
Swell - a slow, regular movement of the sea in rolling waves that do not break.
Wave period - The time between waves.

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The Ecology of Superheroes

Wed, 16 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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carbon sequestration: the process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide
productivity: the rate of generation of biomass (and therefore carbon storage) in an ecosystem

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Proteins: Explained

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Amino acids: are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain specific to each amino acid.
Proteins: are macromolecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Most proteins fold into unique 3D structures. The shape into which a protein naturally folds is known as its native conformation.
Alpha helix (α-helix): is a common motif in the secondary structure of proteins and is a right hand-helix conformation in which every backbone N−H group hydrogen bonds to the backbone C=O group of the amino acid located four residues earlier along the protein sequence.
Beta sheet (β-sheet): is a common motif of the regular protein secondary structure and consists of beta strands (β-strands) connected laterally by at least two or three backbone hydrogen bonds, forming a generally twisted, pleated sheet.
Ribbon diagrams: are 3D schematic representations of protein structure that shows the overall path and organization of the protein backbone in 3D. Ribbon diagrams are generated by interpolating a smooth curve through the polypeptide backbone. α-helices are shown as coiled ribbons or thick tubes, β-strands as arrows, and non-repetitive coils or loops as lines or thin tubes.

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Which Will Kill You First?

Mon, 14 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Hyperthermia: a medical condition where an individual's body temperature is elevated beyond normal
Hypothermia: a medical doncition that occurs when an individual's body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different
Denaturation: the alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress (for example, heat), so that it can no longer carry out its cellular function

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Subterranean River

Sun, 13 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Chimps and Bonobos

Sat, 12 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why "Nothing" Matters in Science

Fri, 11 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Null result: a result in a scientific study that doesn’t support the hypothesis
Premature birth: also known as preterm birth, is a birth that occurs before the 37th week of pregnancy
XENON1T: a highly sensitive experiment to search for direct interactions of dark matter particles. It’s located deep under Italy’s Gran Sasso mountain at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory.

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The Problem With Life Expectancy

Thu, 10 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Life Expectancy At Birth: The average number of years a newborn in a particular group could expect to live.
Life Expectancy After Babyhood: The average number of years a member of a particular group could expect to live given that they had survived their first year.
Maximum Life Expectancy: The age at which the oldest known member of a particular group died.
Mortality Rate: The frequency of occurrence of death within a particular group during a particular time period.
Life Table: A table that shows the number of individuals within a group that survive from one year to the next until they are all dead.
Survivorship Curve: A plot of the data in a particular life table that shows the years on the x-axis and the number or percent of survivors on the y-axis.

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I found the BEST coronavirus depiction (+ explanation)

Wed, 09 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Virus: a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. The study of viruses is known as virology.
Virion: a complete virus particle, and consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective coat of protein called a capsid.
Coronaviruses: a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, they cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal and include some cases of the common cold, SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.
SARS-CoV-2: the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory illness responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.
Class I fusion proteins: resemble influenza virus hemagglutinin in their structure. Post-fusion, the active site has a trimer of α-helical coiled-coils

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Dogs vs Cats: The Diversity Paradox

Tue, 08 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

phenotypic diversity - the range of different observable traits in a certain organism - for example, size, color, strength, and friendliness.
genetic diversity - the variation in the genetic information within and among individuals of a population or species
artificial selection (or selective breeding) - a process used by humans to develop new organisms with desirable characteristics

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Four Reasons Our Brains Suck At Pandemics

Mon, 07 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Pandemic: A disease outbreak that spreads across the world.
Exponential Growth: Growth that occurs when a value increases in proportion to its current value.
Exponential Growth Prediction Bias: An error in prediction that occurs when people underestimate how quickly numbers rise in an exponential system.
Optimism Bias: An error that occurs when people underestimate their personal likelihood of experiencing a negative event.
Hyperbolic Time Discounting Bias: An error that occurs when people choose smaller rewards in the present over larger awards in the future.
Reactance Psychology: An unpleasant motivational state that occurs when a freedom is threatened with elimination.
Individualism: The principle of being independent and self-reliant.
Collectivism: The principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Disinformation: Deliberately false information designed to deceive.

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Gigantopithecus

Sun, 06 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Categorize Apes

Sat, 05 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How Firestorms Form

Fri, 04 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Pyrocumulonimbus cloud - a type of cumulonimbus cloud that forms that forms above wildfires and even volcanic eruptions, which can create thunderstorms
Virga - rain that evaporates before it hits the ground
Updraft - upward moving air in a thunderstorm
Downdraft - downward moving air in a thunderstorm

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Why Most New Species Are Discovered By Amateurs

Thu, 03 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Taxonomy: The branch of science concerned with classifying organisms
Taxonomic Impediment: The gaps in our taxonomic knowledge and the shortage of trained taxonomists and curators.
Amateur Taxonomist: Someone who classifies organisms but is not paid to do so.
Malacology: The study of mollusks, including snails and slugs.
Type Specimen: The specimen used to officially describe a new species.

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Does It Pay To Cheat?

Wed, 02 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Life history strategy: How organisms allocate energy usage to maximize offspring.
Parental Investment: Any non-genetic contributions by parents to help their offspring survive.
Brood Parasites: Organisms that rely on others to raise their young.
Mafia Behavior: The practice of repeatedly visiting victims to make sure they are complying.
Fecundity: The number of offspring produced by an individual over time.

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The Plant That’s Full Of Metal

Tue, 01 Jul 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Hyperaccumulator: a plant capable of growing in metalliferous soils and to accumulate extraordinarily high amounts of heavy metals, far in excess of the levels found in the majority of species, without suffering toxic effects
Phytoremediation: the treatment of pollutants or waste (as in contaminated soil or groundwater) by the use of green plants that remove, degrade, or stabilize the undesirable substances (such as toxic metals)
Phytomining: the planting (and subsequent harvesting) of vegetation that will selectively concentrate specific metals from the soil into their tissues
Euhalophytes: highly salt-tolerant plants capable of diluting salt within their succulent leaves or stems
Active transport: the process of transferring substances against a concentration gradient into, out of, and between cells, using energy

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The Best Pokémon (According to Science)

Mon, 30 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Convergent evolution: the process whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.

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Cow Fences

Sun, 29 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Wolf Fences

Sat, 28 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Dangerous Marshmallows?!

Fri, 27 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Chemical reaction: a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance
Exothermic reaction: a reaction that releases energy
Stoichiometry: a section of chemistry that involves using relationships between reactants and/or products in a chemical reaction to determine desired quantitative data
Reaction rate or rate of reaction: the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place

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The Science of Roadkill

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Roadkill: The remains of animals killed by motor vehicles.
Road ecology: The study of how roads impact the surrounding environment and its inhabitants.
Invasive species: Non-native animals that outcompete local animals for resources.
Fieldwork: The collection of data outside of a laboratory setting.
Confounder: A variable (like animal reaction to oncoming cars) that influences the outcome when comparing a dependent variable (like number of animals) to the outcome (number of roadkill carcasses of said animal).

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Why Doesn't All Thunder Sound The Same?

Wed, 25 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Shock wave: a sharp change of pressure in a narrow region traveling through a medium, especially air, caused by explosion or by a body moving faster than sound

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Can Pregnancy Tests Help Beat COVID-19?

Tue, 24 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Early Pregnancy Test: A simple lateral flow assay that tests for the presence of a particular hormone in urine.
Lateral Flow Assay: Simple tests in which a liquid sample is run along the surface of a pad using capillary action and colored antibodies to show a visual positive or negative result.
Capillary Action: The movement of water-based liquids within small tubes due to the forces of cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension.
Antibody: A blood protein produced by the immune system in response to a particular antigen.
Antigen: A foreign substance which produces an immune response within the body.
False positive: A result produced that falsely indicates a particular antigen is present.
False negative: A result produced that falsely indicates that a particular antigen is absent.

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Why Hardwoods Are The Softest Woods

Mon, 23 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Angiosperm: a plant that has flowers and produces seeds enclosed within a carpel.
Gymnosperm: a plant that has seeds unprotected by an ovary or fruit.

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Beehive Fences

Sun, 22 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Orange Roughy

Sat, 21 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How To Hear Halfway Around The World

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Refraction: the bending of a sound wave based on changes in the wave's speed

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Why You’re More Likely To Die In Winter

Thu, 19 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Crude Death Rate: The number of people in a population of a 1,000 who die every year. The 2020 rate for the entire world is roughly 8.

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Why Does This Shrimp Cost More Than A Car?

Wed, 18 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Chromatophores: pigment-containing cells in the deeper layers of the skin of animals like shrimp
Restricted availability theory: a commodity is available or perceived to be available only for certain individuals
Reactance theory: unavailability of a commodity is perceived as a threat to an individual’s freedom to posses that commodity, making it more desirable.
Scarcity heuristic: a mental shortcut that places value on items based on how easy it is to miss out on them.

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Why Sewers Around the World Keep Overflowing

Tue, 17 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Combined Sewer System: Sewers designed to collect domestic sewage and storm runoff in the same wastewater pipe.
Wastewater Treatment Plant: A facility that filters and cleans wastewater before sending it into nearby waterways.
Combined Sewer Overflow: When the wastewater in a combined sewer system exceeds a certain limit, it bypasses the wastewater treatment plant and goes directly into nearby waterways.
Extreme Rainfall: Storms that cause the wettest days of the year in a particular geographic area.
Invasive Species: Any kind of organism that gets introduced to a new environment and causes harm.
Deep Tunnel Project: A $3 billion civil engineering megaproject designed to reduce flooding in the metropolitan Chicago area.

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How To Go Extinct

Mon, 16 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Extinction: The moment when the last individual of a particular species dies.
Interspecific Competition: When individuals of different species compete for the same resources or habitats.
Thylacine: The so-called Tasmanian Tiger, it is one of the largest predatory marsupials; the last known individual was captured in 1933.
Invasive Species: Any kind of organism that gets introduced to a new environment and causes harm.
Holocene Extinction: The so-called sixth mass extinction, mostly involving larger animals, that started at the end of the last Ice Age, mostly due to human activity. Extinction rates during this time are 100-1000 times higher than usual.
Anagenesis: The gradual evolution of a species over time.

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Underdog Species

Sun, 15 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Kangaroo Etymology

Sat, 14 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why People Hate Hyenas

Fri, 13 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Will Gas Stations Survive?

Thu, 12 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Gas station - a roadside establishment that sells gasoline, and diesel (AKA petrol station, service station, garage, filling station)
Convenience store - a store selling a limited range of household goods and groceries, often functioning simultaneously as a gas station
Stable - a building for keeping horses
Livery stable - a building where horse owners can/could pay a fee to have their horses fed and kept

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*If We Aren't Too Late

Wed, 11 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

climate change damages, greenhouse gas emissions, climate mitigation

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YouTube Is Misleading You. Help Us Make It Better.

Tue, 10 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Misinformation: false information that is spread, regardless of intent to mislead
Disinformation: deliberately misleading or biased information; manipulated narrative or facts

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The Best Worst Energy Source

Mon, 09 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Tasmanian Tumors

Sun, 08 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Wallaby Milk

Sat, 07 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Is There A Better Way To Power Airplanes?

Fri, 06 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Jet fuel - a liquid petroleum fuel with high specific energy and energy density, used in airplane jet engines, made of kerosene with a few additives
Specific Energy - how much energy something contains per unit mass
Energy Density - how much energy something contains per unit volume
Synthetic jet fuel - a jet fuel replacement, typically aiming to have lower life cycle environmental impacts than jet fuel (AKA: sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), alternative jet fuel, renewable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel, biojet fuel, sustainable alternative fuel)
Kerosene - a petroleum product that is the main component of jet fuel (and old fashioned lanterns)

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Why You Can't Build A Clone Army... (Yet)

Thu, 05 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Cell: The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism.
Clone: An organism produced asexually from one ancestor, to which they are genetically identical.
DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material that is present in nearly all living organisms as the main component of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
Embryo: An unborn or unhatched offspring early in the process of development.
Enzyme: A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring. These are encoded within DNA and help determine traits.
Genetic Reprogramming: This refers to erasing and remodeling epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation during mammalian development.
Zygote: A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes

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Why Wolves Don't Chirp

Wed, 04 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

frequency - how often a wave occurs in a certain unit of time
Hertz - a unit of frequency (Hz), the number of waves that occus in a second
pitch - a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related scale
echolocation - the location of objects by reflected sound
refraction - the change in direction of a wave
diffraction - the bending of waves around obstacles and the spreading out of waves beyond openings

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Why Do We STILL Use Lead Pipes?!

Tue, 03 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Hard water: water with a high mineral content
Soft water: water with a low mineral content

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This Atom Can Predict The Future

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Monsoon: A seasonal increase in precipitation driven by atmospheric conditions.
Hadley Cell: A global scale atmospheric cell driven by air rising near the equator and falling as it flows towards the polls.
Ferrel Cell: A secondary atmospheric circulation that collides with the Hadley cell and pushes air back down towards the Earth’s surface.
Intertropical Convergence Zone: The narrow zone between the northern and southern Hadley cells where warm air comes together and rises.
Tropopause: The boundary area roughly 15 kilometers above the Earth’s surface between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
Radionuclide: Isotopes of atoms that release radiation as they break down.
Beryllium-7: A relatively stable radionuclide of the element Beryllium that naturally forms in the tropopause during spallation.
Spallation: The process in which a heavier atom loses nuclear particles after being bombarded by cosmic rays.
Cosmic Rays: High energy atomic particles that move at near light speed through space.

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Poop vs. Pap

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Opossum vs. Possum

Sat, 31 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Extinction Happening Inside You

Fri, 30 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Extinction: the termination of a kind of organism or group of kinds, usually a species
Endangered: a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future
Microbiome: a community of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and protists) that inhabit a particular environment and especially the collection of microorganisms living in or on the human body
Hunter-gatherer: a member of a culture in which food is obtained by hunting, fishing, and foraging rather than by agriculture or animal husbandry
Prevotella: a genus of bacteria most commonly found in the microbiome of people who eat a plant-rich diet
DDT: an aromatic organochlorine sometimes used as insecticide banned in the U.S. that tends to accumulate and persist in ecosystems and has toxic effects on many vertebrates
C. diff: (short for Clostridium difficile) a toxin-producing bacterium which can infect the bowel, causing illness with diarrhea and fever, especially in people who have been treated with antibiotics
Antibiotics: an antibacterial substance (such as penicillin, cephalosporin, and ciprofloxacin) that is used to treat or prevent infections by killing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria in or on the body
Probiotics: a microorganism that when consumed (as in a food or a dietary supplement) maintains or restores beneficial bacteria to the digestive tract

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How to Work From Home as a Team

Thu, 29 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How To Name A Disease (Like COVID-19)

Wed, 28 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Coronaviruses (CoV): a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as COVID-19.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): an infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus that was discovered in 2019 and named a pandemic in 2020.
2009 H1N1 Flu: a pandemic disease that emerged in 2009 caused by the H1N1)pdm09 virus, which was different from any other influenza strain circulating at the time.
World Health Organization (WHO): an organization that directs and coordinates international health within the United Nations system.
1918 Flu: often referred to as the “Spanish flu,” the 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history and caused by an H1N1 virus. There are competing theories for its place of origin, but public health experts agree it did not actually originate in Spain.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS): a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It was first named “gay-related immunodeficiency disease (GRID),” despite the fact anyone, regardless of sexuality, is susceptible.
Stigma: a mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.
Pandemic: the worldwide spread of a new disease.

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Why Don't More Animals Eat Wood?

Tue, 27 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Xylophagy: the eating of wood
Lignin: a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of vascular plants and help make wood rigid.
Cellulose: a polysaccharide consisting of chains of glucose monomers, which is the main constituent of plant cell walls.
Lignin oxidation: a depolymerization method to break bonds in lignin molecules such as ether or carbon–carbon bonds by applying an oxidant such as oxygen.
Depolymerization: the process of breaking down a polymer, such as lignin, into simpler monomers
Trichonympha agilis: a specialized protist that lives in the hindguts of many termite species that breaks down the cellulose in the wood they eat and may contribute to the lignin oxidation process.

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Where Does One Ocean End And Another Begin?

Mon, 26 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

IHO: International Hydrographic Organization

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Categorize Marsupials

Sun, 25 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Vulture Food

Sat, 24 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How This River Made Chimps Violent

Fri, 23 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Chimpanzee: A great ape native to tropical Africa that is one of humanity’s closest living relatives.
Bonobo: A slightly smaller great ape native to tropical Africa that is one of humanity’s closest living relatives.
Speciation: A lineage-splitting event in which a population of the same species becomes two different species.
Allopatric speciation: Speciation that occurs when populations of the same species get isolated geographically.
Hominini: The taxonomical classification that includes humans, chimps, and bonobos.
Pan: The taxonomical classification that includes chimps and bonobos.
Chimpobo: A name we just made up to identify the common ancestor of the chimpanzee and bonobo.
Congo river: The deepest river in the world and the second largest (behind the Amazon) in discharge volume.
G-G Rubbing: A form of genital to genital contact bonobos sometimes use to form social bonds.

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The Fastest-Growing Plant In The World

Thu, 22 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Rhizome: a continuously growing horizontal underground stem which puts out lateral shoots and roots at intervals
Vacuole: an organelle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid, whose main purpose in plants is to maintain pressure against the cell wall
Microfibrils: fiber-like strands consisting of glycoproteins and cellulose that make up the cell wall structure
Auxin: a plant hormone which causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth

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How To Turn Poop Into Power

Wed, 21 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Anaerobic digestion: a sequence of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen
Methanogens: a methane-producing bacterium, especially an archaean which reduces carbon dioxide to methane
Wastewater treatment: a process used to remove contaminants from wastewater or sewage and convert it into an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum impact on the environment, or directly reused
Biogas: the mixture of gases produced by anaerobic digestion of organic matter, primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide, which can be used as a renewable energy source

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You Have More Bones Than You Think

Tue, 20 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Cartilage: The flexible connective tissue that is turned to bone by osteoblasts.
Osteoblasts: Cells that control calcium and mineral deposition to turn cartilage into bone.
Sesamoids: Bones embedded in tendons or muscles.
Fabella: A large sesamoid bone occasionally found behind the knee joint.
Coccyx: The small set of semi-fused triangular bones at the end of the vertebral column.

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Why It’s HARD To Bring A New Apple To Market

Mon, 19 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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grafting: joining together a cut branch with a cut root of the same species to produce a new individual.

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Most realistic dragon

Sun, 18 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Proportional dragons

Sat, 17 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Nobody Really Knows What A Concussion Is

Fri, 16 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: a progressive degenerative disease of the brain found in people with a history of repetitive brain trauma (often athletes)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI): a disruption in the normal function of the brain that can be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head, or penetrating head injury

Subdural hematoma: a collection of blood between the layers of tissue that surround the brain

Cerebral microbleeding: small chronic brain hemorrhages which are likely caused by structural abnormalities of the small vessels of the brain

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The Great Acceleration

Thu, 15 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Great Acceleration - the dramatic increase in human activity, largely since 1950, that is evident across a variety of socio-economic and biophysical measures, and that has made humans into a planetary scale force

The Anthropocene - our current geological epoch (contested), beginning when humans first had significant impact on Earth's geology and ecosystems

Hockey stick graph - typically refers to the Mann et al 1999 graph of Earth’s temperature, but can also refer to any trend that's roughly constant for a long duration and then has a drastic upwards shift

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Can AI Help Us Identify Animals?

Wed, 14 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Deep learning: a subset of machine learning in artificial intelligence that can learning from data that is unstructured or unlabeled

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Smartphones: A New Model for Energy Efficiency?

Tue, 13 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Dematerialization - using less (or no) material to deliver the same service
Energy conservation - using less energy by adjusting behavior (turning down your heat)
Energy efficiency - using less energy by using technology that requires less energy to perform the same function (insulating your house to keep warm while using less energy)
Energy intensity - energy consumption per unit of GDP (reduced by increasing energy efficiency)
Energy services - the useful functions you're able to perform by using energy (what we refer to as ‘function’)

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The Best Dragon (According to Science)

Mon, 12 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Tetrapods: four-limbed (with a few exceptions, such as snakes which have vestigial limbs) animals constituting the superclass Tetrapoda.

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Sex Ratios

Sun, 11 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Asparagus Pee

Sat, 10 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How Much Air Can A Tree Hold?

Fri, 09 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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carbon: element that makes up half of tree wood by weight.

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Why Are Adults So Bad At New Languages?

Thu, 08 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Second-Language Acquisition: The process of a language that’s not the speaker’s native language.
Bilingualism: The ability to speak and understand two languages.
Monitor Model: A group of hypotheses that propose that linguistic competence is only advanced when language is subconsciously acquired.
Sociolinguistics: The study of language in relation to all sorts of social factors.
Linguistic Investment: A motivation to learn a language based on the understanding that the speaker will acquire a wider range of symbolic and material resources, which will in turn increase the value of their cultural capital and social power.
Hyperpolyglot: A person who can speak and understand more than six languages.

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How The Modern World Tricks Our Bodies Into Hurting Themselves

Wed, 07 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Cyclooxygenase: An enzyme responsible for the production of thromboxane and prostaglandins.
Thromboxane: A lipid that acts as a platelet aggregator.
Platelets: Special non-nucleic blood cells that clump together to cause blood clots.
Prostaglandins: A lipid that causes vasodilation and inflammation.
Aspirin: A form of acetylsalicylic acid that acts as an NSAID.
NSAIDs: Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs that inhibit COX, and thus inflammation and clotting.

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Why Exercise Is Hard

Tue, 06 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Physical activity - any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level
Exercise - a form of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and performed (primarily) with the goal of improving health or fitness
Recommended levels of physical activity (USA) - 150 minutes moderate-intensity or 75 minutes vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, or an equivalent combination, and muscle-strengthening activities at least 2 days / week
Evolutionary medicine - a field that uses evolutionary theory & data to better understand (the origins of) health & disease
Mismatch conditions - health conditions that are more prevalent or severe today than in the past because the body is inadequately or insufficiently adapted to modern environmental conditions (likely including: cavities, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis)

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The Secret Global Sewer System

Mon, 05 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Waterlog - to saturate (a field) with water; a problem for most crops
Drainage - the removal of liquid (water) from an area
Ditch - a narrow channel dug in the ground, typically used for drainage alongside a road or the edge of a field
Drain tile - a pipe buried (beneath a field) for drainage. Originally made of ceramic tiles, now typically of corrugated plastic
Precision agriculture - putting corn seed + small dose of fertilizer/pesticides in hole in ground
Controlled drainage - the use of a water control structure to raise the depth of a drain tile outlet to hold water in the field when drainage isn't needed
Wood chip bioreactor - an underground trench filled with wood chips that provide carbon for bacteria that denitrify the water flowing through it
Saturated buffer - a strip on the edge of a field filled with plants & bacteria that can remove some nitrogen from the water flowing onto it from drain tiles
Denitrification - the removal of nitrogen from a substance (soil, air, or water) by chemical reduction, typically via bacteria
Wetland - an area of land where water covers the soil year-round or at certain times of year
Ecosystem services - the free benefits humans get from natural ecosystems

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Keeled dragons

Sun, 04 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Four-limbed dragons

Sat, 03 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How We Evolved To Browse The Web

Fri, 02 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Optimality models: tools used to evaluate the costs and benefits of different organismal features, traits, and characteristics, including behavior, in the natural world.
Optimal foraging theory: a behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food.
Marginal value theorem: an optimality model that describes the strategy that maximizes gain per unit time in systems where resources, and thus rate of returns, decrease with time.
Central place foraging: a model for analyzing how an organism traveling from a home base to a distant foraging location can maximize foraging rates.

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Our Best View Of Bacteria Is...From Space?!

Thu, 01 May 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Microbe - an organism (such as a bacterium or protozoan) of microscopic or ultramicroscopic size.
Remote sensing - the scanning of the earth , especially by satellite or high-flying aircraft, in order to obtain information about it.
Pathogen - a bacterium, virus, or other microbe that can cause disease.
Chlorophyll - a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis.
Phytoplankton - photosynthesizing microscopic biotic organisms that inhabit the upper sunlit layer of almost all oceans and bodies of fresh water on Earth.
Cholera - an infectious and often fatal bacterial disease of the small intestine, typically contracted from infected water supplies and causing severe vomiting and diarrhea.
Evaporite - a natural salt or mineral deposit left after the evaporation of a body of water.
Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) - primary sedimentary structures formed by the interaction of microbes with sediment and physical agents of erosion, deposition, and transportation.

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The Bacteria That Made Life Possible Is Now Killing Us

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Cyanobacteria: aquatic photosynthesizing bacteria often erroneously call blue-green algae
Blue-green algae: incorrect name often used for cyanobacteria because they are blue-green in appearance and can be confused with algae
Dead zone: coastal area where cyanobacteria blooms lead to anaerobic conditions, killing fish and other organisms
Mycrosystins: a class of toxic compounds released by certain cyanobacteria

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The Cruel Irony Of Air Conditioning

Tue, 29 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Refrigerant - a substance used in air conditioners & refrigerators for its ability to change phases and transfer heat

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Why We Should Invest In Rat Massage

Mon, 28 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Baloo

Sun, 27 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Wood Lignin

Sat, 26 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Monoclonal Antibodies | How to Turn Cancer Against Itself

Fri, 25 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Monoclonal antibodies: antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell
Hybridoma: a hybrid cell used as the basis for the production of antibodies in large amounts for diagnostic or therapeutic use

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Why you should abandon some of your dreams

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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action crisis: part of the process of disengaging from a goal, once difficulties and setbacks accumulate

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Why kids skip school (& what to do about it)

Wed, 23 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Truancy: intentional absence from school without permission.

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This Country Has Something Everyone Else Wants

Tue, 22 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Phosphorus - a chemical element used in explosives, matches, and fertilizers (as it is a key nutrient for plant growth)
Phosphate rock - a sedimentary rock containing high amounts of phosphate minerals - the main source of agricultural P fertilizer
Phosphate - a salt or ester of phosphoric acid, containing PO4 -3 or a related anion or a group
4 Rs of Nutrient Management - Right fertilizer source, at the Right rate, at the Right time, and in the Right place
Reserve - the part of a resource that could be economically extracted or produced at the moment
Resource - a concentration of naturally occurring solid, liquid, or gaseous material in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and amount that economic extraction of a commodity from the concentration is currently or potentially feasible

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The Secrets of Extreme Breath Holding

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Static Apnea: Holding your breath without swimming or moving.
Apneist: Someone who competes in apnea-related contests.
Fight or Flight Response: A set of physiological responses to a perceived mortal threat.
Mammalian Dive Reflex: A set of physiological responses to immersion that overrides the basic homeostatic reflexes.
Diaphragm: A strip of skeletal muscles underneath the lungs that contracts and flattens when you inhale. It starts spasming as part of involuntary breathing movements when the body starts to run out of oxygen.
Spleen: An organ that primarily acts as a blood filter that can deflate to return blood to the circulatory system.
Carbon Dioxide Tension: The increase in CO2 pressure in the blood as oxygen levels fall.

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Panda Coloring

Sun, 20 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Grolar Bears

Sat, 19 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Is Lyme Disease Getting Worse?

Fri, 18 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Can't We Get Power From Waves?

Thu, 17 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Wave energy converter - a device for turning the mechanical energy of ocean waves into mechanical energy (flow of a substance) or electrical energy
Oscillating water column - an open-bottomed chamber filled with air and water, whose wave action moves the water column up and down like a piston, forcing the air out past a turbine
Attenuator - a long multisegment floating structure oriented parallel to the direction waves travel, where differing heights of waves along the length of the device flex the connections driving hydraulic pumps that can be connected to turbines
Oscillating body - a floating buoy that oscillates with waves, generating electricity within the buoy or by pulling on a generator or by pumping water through a turbine
Overtopping device - a reservoir filled by waves to a height higher the average nearby ocean, into which reservoir water is released, spinning a turbine
Biofouling - undesirable growth of organisms like barnacles and algae on underwater surfaces
Ocean wave - energy passing through water and causing it to move in a circular motion
Turbine - a machine for producing continuous power in which a wheel with blades gets hit by a fast-moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid, and spins (often connected to a magnet that spins)
Induction - the production of an electric current in a wire by movement of a nearby magnetic field

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You Are A Fish

Wed, 16 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Phylogenetic tree: a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species
Cladogram: a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms
Monophyletic group (or clade): a group of organisms that consists of all the descendants of a common ancestor
Paraphyletic group: all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups
Similarity trap: people can name different species the same thing, only to find out they aren’t even closely related.

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The Problem With Concrete

Tue, 15 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Portland cement - the most common type of cement used worldwide, made with limestone
Limestone - a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate (which is also in shells & eggs)
Cement - a powder used in construction that’s made by grinding clinker with other minerals and mixing with water to form a paste that sticks to sand, gravel or crushed stone to make concrete
Concrete - a building material made by mixing cement with water to form a paste that gains body through fillers like sand and gravel
Clinker - an intermediate marble-sized product in cement production created by sintering limestone with clay and other things
Sinter - to turn a powdery solid into a single mass by heating it without liquefaction
Mortar - another building material (used to adhere bricks or stones together) made by mixing cement with water and sand
Calcination - the process of heating a substance to a high temperature, but below its melting point, so it thermally decomposes (like limestone into lime & CO2)
Process emissions - the name for the CO2 that comes from limestone when it thermally decomposes

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Why Earthquakes Are So Hard To Predict

Mon, 14 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Earthquake: A violent shaking of the earth, usually due to movements of tectonic plates under the earth’s crust.
Seismometer: An instrument that detects changes in the up-down motion of the earth.
Seismic body waves: Higher frequency waves released by earthquakes that can move through solid rock.
Seismic surface waves: Lower frequency waves released by earthquakes that move along the ground and cause most damage.
Earthquake Early Warning System: A network of strategically placed seismometers that trigger emergency warning systems in particular areas when they detect large seismic body waves.
Evacuation Clearance Time: The time needed to evacuate a particular population to safety.
Earthquake Precursor: An anomalous event that gives an effective warning of an impending earthquake.
Transform Faults: Faults where two tectonic plates slide past each other.

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Black Bears

Sun, 13 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Let’s Categorize Bears

Sat, 12 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Are Your Fingerprints Unique?

Fri, 11 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Fingerprint: The markings on the skin on the last joint of the thumb or finger.
Fingerprint Ridges: The raised lines on the fingerprint.
Fingerprint Pattern: The main design in the middle of the fingerprint; usually a loop, whorl, or arch.
Volar Pad: The mass of stem cells that grows under the fingers during a particular time during fetal development that is responsible for determining the pattern of the fingerprint.
Fingerprint Minutiae: The various tiny points in each fingertip where the ridgelines get blocked or split.
Compound Probability: The likelihood that independent events will occur simultaneously.

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The Bird Poop That Changed The World

Thu, 10 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Guano: seabird (or bat) poop. From the indigenous Peruvian word “wanu”, meaning “manure that’s good for fertilizer"
Manure: animal poop used as fertilizer (typically cow or pig poop)
Fertilizer: a chemical-containing substance added to soil to provide nutrients to plants
Nitrate mining: digging up the naturally occurring solid form of the element nitrogen (sodium nitrate)
Phosphate mining: digging up the naturally occurring solid form of the element phosphorus
Haber-Bosch process: the major industrial method to take nitrogen gas out of the air and convert it to ammonia

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These Names Can Kill Animals

Wed, 09 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Are Fewer People Getting Appendicitis?

Tue, 08 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Fecalith: A stony mass of feces inside a person’s intestinal tract.
Appendix: A tube-shaped sac at the bottom of a person’s intestinal tract.
Appendicitis: A painful inflammation of the appendix.
Fiber: Plant-derived dietary material that’s resistant to certain digestive enzymes.
Tertiary Food Processing: Commercial production of food that often contains synthetic elements or an overabundance of certain salts and sugars.
“Western Diet”: A collective term for a diet high in fat, cholesterol, protein, sugar, and salt, that often involves frequent consumption of “fast food”.

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Why Do You Make So Many Poop Videos? (& Other Questions)

Mon, 07 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Lion’s Mane

Sun, 06 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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River Timelapse

Sat, 05 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Secret Weapon That Could Help Save Bees

Fri, 04 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Propolis: a kind of bee glue made up of resins and beeswax, rich in flavonoids and aromatic acids with antibiotic properties
Pollination circuit: commercial bee-keepers move their colonies around the country, renting them out to farmers to pollinate almonds, apples, and many other crops.
Bee health: term used to indicate concern about a set of issues challenging to health of honey bees, including parasites, pathogens, and pesticides.

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Why Malaria Isn’t Just A Tropical Disease

Thu, 03 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Anthropophily: an organism’s propensity to feed on humans rather than other animals
Biogeography: the study of the distribution of species and organisms throughout space and time
Malaria Control: the reduction of malaria’s impacts to a locally acceptable level as a result of deliberate efforts. Continued intervention is required to sustain control.
Malaria Elimination: the interruption of local transmission (i.e. reducing the rate of malaria cases to zero) of a specified malaria parasite in a defined geographic area. Continued intervention is needed to prevent reestablishment of transmission.
Malaria Eradication: the permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by human malaria parasites, after which intervention measures are no longer needed (e.g. as with smallpox, the only disease we've eradicated)

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Why Do Some Animals Eat Poop?

Wed, 02 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Coprophagy: Consuming feces
Allocoprophagy: Consuming others’ feces
Autocoprophagy: Consuming one’s own feces
Fecal microbiota transplant: A treatment for C. diff that involves transplanting feces from a healthy individual into a patient.
Cecotropes: Also known as night poops, these are the soft, shiny pellets that rabbits excrete and then consume.
Pap: A special substance produced by mother koalas that their babies feed on during the transition from drinking milk to eating eucalyptus leaves.

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Why Are There Penguins At The Equator?

Tue, 01 Apr 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Net Primary Production (NPP): the amount of primary production that organisms do, minus the amount of carbon they use up to do so (by respiring)
Phytoplankton: microscopic green algae that live in water and get energy through photosynthesis. Learn more here: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/p...
Primary Production: the synthesis of organic chemicals from carbon dioxide (mostly happens through photosynthesis)
Upwelling: the motion of cooler, usually nutrient-rich, water towards the ocean surface

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Why Earth Has Two Levels | Hypsometric Curve

Mon, 31 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Hypsometric Curve: Basically, a chart that shows the proportions of surface area at every elevation on a planet.
Crust: Earth's outermost layer, made out of two distinct materials – oceanic crust (which is denser) and continental crust (which is less dense).
Lithosphere: The rigid outer layer of Earth, including the crust and the hard, un-bending part of the upper mantle.
Subduction: The process of an ocean plate crashing into another plate and getting forced to dive down into Earth's mantle.
Isostasy: Describes the way earth's crust sort of floats in the underlying mantle. Continental crust is less dense and thicker, and floats higher than the oceanic crust, which is denser and thinner. Geologists talk about things like "isostatic rebound," which is what happens after an ice age, when the ice melts off a continent and the continent lifts up, like a floating raft in a pool after someone gets off (though continents rise more slowly).

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Carbonaceous Chondrite

Sun, 30 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Planet Formation

Sat, 29 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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The Similarity Trap

Fri, 28 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Cladistics: A method of recreating evolutionary trees based on evidence about relationships.
Etymology: The study of the origin of words and how they have changed throughout history.
Convergent Evolution: A process whereby different species evolve similar traits in order to adapt to similar environments.
Polyphyly: A group containing members with multiple ancestral sources.
Homoplasy: A trait shared by a group of species that is not shared in their common ancestor.
False Cognates: Pairs of words with similar sounds and meanings but unrelated etymologies.

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Rise Of The Mesopredator🎵

Thu, 27 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Food Web: the feeding relationships between animals that determine how energy and nutrients are spread throughout an ecosystem.
Trophic Level: a hierarchical level in an ecosystem made up of organisms that share the same function in the food web.
Apex predator: the animals at the top trophic level that feed on animals and organisms below them.
Mesopredator: a member of a mid-ranking trophic level that preys on animals and organisms in lower trophic levels and occasionally gets eat by apex predators.
Mesopredator Release: an ecological phenomenon in which mesopredators rapidly grow in population once apex predators are removed from an ecosystem.
Trophic Cascade: a series of dramatic changes in an ecosystem often triggered by mesopredator release.

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How Long Can We Live?

Wed, 26 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Mortality plateau: the leveling out of the mortality rate that is observed at late ages in various species

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When Trees Go Nuts

Tue, 25 Mar 2025 07:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Mast Year: A year in which all the plants of a particular species in a region ramp up their seed production.
Predator Satiation Hypothesis: The hypothesis that mast seeding is a strategy plants use for controlling the population of squirrels and other seed-eating animals.

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Why You Shouldn't Give Ginger To Monkeys (and other animal sayings)

Mon, 24 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Sunshower: A meteorological phenomenon in which the sunshines while rain is falling.
Idiom: A group of words whose meaning is not readily understandable by defining the individual words.
Anthropomorphism: The attribution of human characteristics to an animal or god or object.
Linguistic Anthropology: A field of study into how language shapes communication around the world.

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Mountain Sink

Sun, 23 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Mars River

Sat, 22 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Milk Is Just Filtered Blood

Fri, 21 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Mammal: Endothermic vertebrates that nurse their young.
Lactation: The secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
Mammary Gland: A cluster of alveoli and ducts that secretes milk.
Mammary Alveoli: The tiny sacs that are the site of milk production and storage in the mammary gland.
Oxytocin: A hormone released by the pituitary gland that - among other things - causes the milk ejection reflex during nursing.
Holstein: A large black and white cow known for the large quantities of milk it yields.

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Are Plastics Too Strong?

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Polymer: A substance whose molecular structure consists of large numbers of similar units covalently bonded together
Covalent bond: A strong type of bond in which adjacent atoms share electrons.
Backbone chain: A long series of covalently bonded atoms that create the continuous chain of the molecule.
Bioplastic: A type of plastic, usually biodegradable, made from biological substances.
Scission: The breakage of a backbone chain at the bond level.
Microbial biodegradation: The use of microbes to break molecules into smaller and less harmful forms.

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How Much Food Is There On Earth?

Wed, 19 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Food stock: the total amount of any particular food existing at any point in time
Strategic reserve: food intentionally kept on reserve to be sold when supplies otherwise become low
Stock to use ratio: the amount of stock of any given food at any point in time as a fraction of the total annual consumption of the commodity

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Is It Safe To Get Your DNA Tested?

Tue, 18 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Personal Genetic Analysis: Direct-to-consumer DNA testing, usually through mail-in saliva samples.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism: A variation at a single spot on the genome that is present in some part of the population.
Genotyping chip: A microarray that allows genetic testing companies to test a DNA sample for hundreds of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms.
Health Care Fraud: A crime that usually involves misrepresenting medical information in order to make money.
Targeted Advertising: The practice of placing ads based on consumer demographics or behavior.
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act: A 2008 American law that prohibits health insurers and employers from using genetic information when making coverage or hiring decisions.

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Why Electroshock Therapy Is Back

Mon, 17 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Electroshock therapy: the original name for treating severe depression with a series of brief electrical shocks to the brain
Electroconvulsive therapy: the current name for electroshock therapy
Deep brain stimulation: a treatment for advanced Parkinson’s that uses pulsed electrical signals to targeted brain regions

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Animal Behavior

Sun, 16 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Colliding Plates

Sat, 15 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Our Favorite Crops Live Fast and Die Young

Fri, 14 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Annual: a plant that typically lives for a year or less
Biennial: a plant that typically lives for two years
Perennial: a plant that typically lives for multiple years

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A Disease's Guide to World Domination

Thu, 13 Mar 2025 20:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Direct transmission: occurs when a pathogen is transmitted to a new host by physical or close contact
Virulence: the degree of damage a pathogen causes its host

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Why Do Birds Migrate Like This?

Wed, 12 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Migration: The seasonal movement of a population of animals from one area to another.
Prevailing winds: Winds in a particular area that blow in a particular direction.
Thermal: An upward current of warm air.
Lift: A force that counteracts the weight of an object and holds it in the air.
Flyway: A route regularly used by lots of migrating birds.

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Are "Acts of God" Disappearing?

Tue, 11 Mar 2025 07:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Act of God: A natural disaster that is outside of human influence or control, such that no one will be held responsible for the resulting damages.
Reasonable precautions: The ordinary or usual precautions that a person would take to prevent damage from a natural disaster.

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Why Pets Have Surprisingly Small Brains

Mon, 10 Mar 2025 07:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Domesticated animal: a species of animal bred by humans over generations to become nonreactive and gain characteristics suitable for life as a farm animal or pet
Tame animal: an individual animal raised in a way that it has become less dangerous and frightened of people
Feral animal: an animal that escapes from captivity or domestication (& regains some similar & some different characteristics compared to its pre-domesticated state)
"Fight or flight": an instinctive physiological response to a threatening situation that readies a creature to either to resist forcibly or escape
Limbic system: the brain’s “panic button” - a system of nerves and networks near the bottom of the cortex that controls basic emotions (e.g. fear, pleasure, anger) and drives (e.g. hunger, sex, dominance)
Telencephalon: the most developed and anterior part of the forebrain, consisting chiefly of the cerebral hemispheres, and the brain region that shrinks most in domesticated animals
Domestication: a sustained multigenerational, mutualistic relationship in which one species (e.g. humans) assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another species (e.g. cows) in order to secure a more predictable supply of a resource of interest (e.g. milk/meat/traction), and through which the domesticated organisms gain advantage over individuals that remain outside this relationship (e.g. aurochs, which went extinct), thereby benefitting and often increasing the fitness of both species involved

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Tongue Tanning

Sun, 09 Mar 2025 07:10:00 -0000

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Leather Making

Sat, 08 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Do Some Animals Get Gigantic?

Fri, 07 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Spiracles: External respiratory openings on insects
Carboniferous Period: The time period from 359-299 million years ago when the Earth’s oxygen levels increased rapidly.
Square-Cube Law: A mathematical principle that describes the relationship between area and volume.
Buoyancy: An upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
Phytoplankton: Microscopic plants eaten by krill and other zooplankton.
Baleen: A filter-feeding system inside the mouth of some whales.

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Why Bird Penises Are So Weird

Thu, 06 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Sex chromosome: A chromosome involved in determining the sex of an individual.
Cloaca: A posterior orifice that serves as the only exit for the gastrointestinal, urinary and genital tracts.
Mutation: An alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.
Sexually-selected Trait: A trait based on a mutation that confers a reproductive advantage.
BMP4: A protein whose presence halts the growth of bird penises in the egg.

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Where Do Our Drugs Come From?

Wed, 05 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Bioprospecting: the systematic search for and development of new sources of chemical compounds, genes, micro-organisms, macro-organisms, and other valuable products from nature.

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Why Do Female Hyenas Have Pseudo-Penises?!

Tue, 04 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Pseudopenis: a structure that resembles a penis but is developmentally (and functionally) different
Masculinization: the process by which female genitalia is made to appear more like male genitalia

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Why Farming is Broken (And Always Has Been)

Mon, 03 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Annual plant: living for a year or less, perpetuating itself by seed
Perennial plant: living for several years
Polyculture: the simultaneous cultivation or exploitation of several crops or kinds of animals
Natural systems agriculture: cropping systems based on processes found in nature
Agroforestry: land use management that combines the cultivation of trees/shrubs with crops/pasture to create more productive and sustainable land-use systems
Alley cropping: planting agricultural crops between rows of trees or shrubs

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Avoid Tannins

Sun, 02 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Rabbit Poop

Sat, 01 Mar 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Do India And China Have So Many People?

Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Is Syrup Sticky?

Thu, 27 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Our Definition For “Moon” Is Broken (Collab. w/ MinutePhysics)

Wed, 26 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Moon: a natural satellite of a satellite of a star.
Satellite: A celestial body orbiting a larger celestial body.
Orbit: The path followed by one object revolving around another object under the influence of gravity.
Barycenter: The center of mass that two or more bodies orbit around.
Binary System: A system in which two similarly sized object orbit the same barycenter.
Hydrostatic equilibrium: Roundness that occurs when gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient force.

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UPSIDE-DOWN Rivers On Mars?! (Response to MinutePhysics)

Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Inverted relief: a topographic feature, such as an old riverbed, that has reversed its elevation relative to other features.
Duricrust: a hard mineral crust formed at or near the surface of soil in semiarid regions by the evaporation of groundwater.
Geomorphology: the study of the physical features of the surface of the earth and their relation to its geological structures.
Exhumed paleochannel: a remnant of an inactive river or stream channel that has been either filled or buried by younger sediment, and then subsequently uncovered by erosion.
Erosion: the action of surface processes, including wind and water, that move dirt and rock from their original location to some other place.
Capillary action: the tendency of a liquid in a capillary tube or absorbent material to rise or fall as a result of surface tension.
Mineral precipitation: when dissolved compounds in a solution bond together to form a solid (a simple example is how dissolved sodium and chloride ions come together to form salt as water evaporates)

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TRANSPARENT Solar Panels?!

Mon, 24 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Solar window: a window that functions like an ordinary window but also generates power like a solar panel
Nanoparticle (also called nanopowder or nanocluster or nanocrystal): a microscopic particle with at least one dimension less than 100 nm. These tiny objects often have characteristics that differ from larger versions of the same material.
Quantum dots (QD): tiny nanoparticles of some kind of semiconducting material, only several nanometers in size, so small that their optical and electronic properties differ from those of larger particles. The QDs embedded in solar windows can absorb radiation largely in short wavelengths and re-emit in longer wavelengths; useful for capturing solar energy and successfully transferring it to the solar cells on the edges of the pane.
Total internal reflection: a phenomenon in which a wave hits a medium boundary at such an angle that it doesn't pass through to the other side

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Cassowary Poop

Sun, 23 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Gorilla Poop

Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why It Sucks to Be a Male Hyena

Fri, 21 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Sex role reversed species: a species in which males and females exhibit roles other than what might be expected based on other aspects of their biology and mating systems

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Invasion Of The Earthworms!

Thu, 20 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Invasive species: A non-native species that causes harm to the ecosystem.
Biome: A large, naturally occurring community of flora and fauna.
Duff layer: The moderately to highly decomposed organic material between the leaf litter and the soil.
Seedling: A young plant less than one meter high.
Sapling: A young tree that’s bigger than a seedling.
Graminoids: Herbaceous plants and grasses.
Coevolution: The process that occurs when two closely associated species influence each other’s evolutionary paths.
Savanna: A grassy plain with scattered tree coverage.

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Why So Many Meteorites Come From The Same Place

Wed, 19 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Asteroid: A rocky body smaller than a planet that is orbiting the sun.
Meteoroid: A smaller rocky body moving in the solar system.
Meteor: A meteoroid that has entered the Earth’s atmosphere.
Meteorite: A meteor that hits the Earth.
Orbital resonance: A force that occurs when orbiting bodies exert a regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other, because of the length of their relative orbits.
Kirkwood Gap: A dip in the distribution of main belt asteroids that correspond to the locations of orbital resonances with Jupiter.

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What Nuclear Bombs Taught Us About Whales

Tue, 18 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Infrasound: sound waves too low in frequency for humans to hear. The CTBTO stations detect frequencies of 0.02 to 4Hz
Hydroacoustic: having to do with underwater sounds. The CTBTO stations detect frequencies of 1-100 Hz
Seismic: oscillation waves in the earth, often caused by earthquakes or other tectonic activity. The CTBTO stations detect frequencies of 0.02-16 Hz

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Why Does Wine Make Your Mouth Feel Dry?

Mon, 17 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Tannin: a yellow or brownish chemical present in some plant tissues, used in leather production and ink manufacture, and a contributor to the sensation of astringency
Astringency: the sensation caused by the contraction of body tissues due to tannins, often called “mouthfeel” Polyphenol: a chemical compound containing more than one phenolic hydroxyl group, of which tannins are a major group Phenolic: a chemical compound with a hydroxyl group (oxygen & hydrogen) linked directly to a benzene ring

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Poop Composition

Sun, 16 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Quokka Mom

Sat, 15 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Is it a bee, a wasp, a fly, or a moth?

Fri, 14 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Mullerian mimicry: a type of mimicry in which two or more animals with defenses develop similar appearances as a shared protective device
Batesian mimicry: a type of mimicry in which an animal with no defenses is protected by its resemblance to an animal capable of defense

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Why Apple Pie Isn't American

Thu, 13 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Food: a nutritious substance we eat or drink to maintain life and growth
Domestication: a multi-generational process in which one group of organisms manages the reproduction and care of, and changes, another type of organism, typically to secure a more predictable supply of resources (e.g. humans with food crops and animals)
Centers of origin: the locations where humans domesticated a lot of crops and animals for food, often where lots of wild relatives lived
Centers of diversity: a more recent concept recognizing that high concentrations of food plant and animal varieties and related wild species aren’t always located where the plants and animals were initially domesticated

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Why Most Rain Never Reaches The Ground

Wed, 12 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Virga: an observable shaft of precipitation falling from a cloud that evaporates before reaching the ground
Rainfall interception: The fraction of rainfall that falls on leaves, branches and trunks of trees and evaporates before dripping to the ground.

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Why Don't Sled Dogs Ever Get Tired?

Tue, 11 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Glycolysis: The process by which glycogen is broken down into energy.
Anaerobic metabolism: The creation of energy through the combustion of carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen.
Aerobic metabolism: The creation of energy through the breakdown of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.
ATP: The principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells.
Baseline Vital Signs: A subject’s temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, pain, and pulse oximetry.

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Why Don’t Sheep Shrink In The Rain?

Mon, 10 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Fiber: a threadlike structure forming part of the muscular, nervous, connective, or other tissue in the human or animal body
Felting: the process by which wool or another textile can be agitated, often along with moisture or heat, to cause the fibers to migrate amongst themselves and mat together into a dense smooth surface
Ratchet: a device consisting of a bar or wheel with a set of angled teeth that allow motion in one direction only
Wool: soft curly or wavy hair forming the coat of a sheep or similar animal, especially when cut off the animal & prepared for use in making cloth or yarn
Mammal: a warm-blooded, bony, & hairy/furry animal, the females of which give birth to live young and nurse them with milk

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Nutritious Poop

Sun, 09 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Bald Vultures

Sat, 08 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Some Molecules Have Evil Twins

Fri, 07 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Enantiomers: Molecules that are mirror images of each other.
Chirality: A geometric property that makes a molecule non-superimposable on its mirror image.
Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant.
Levmetamfetamine: The new name for the left-handed version of methamphetamine, which acts as a vasoconstrictor.
Carvone: A terpenoid found in many essential oils.

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How Cats Became our Feline Overlords (ft. It's Okay To Be Smart)

Thu, 06 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Puma: The big cat with the largest home range.
Felix silvestris: The wildcat that is the direct ancestor to all modern house cats.
Bastet: Egyptian cat goddess.
Pseudaelurus: A prehistoric cat that is the common ancestor to all modern felines.

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What Makes A Dinosaur?

Wed, 05 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Systema Naturae: A 1735 book by Carl Linnaeus that outlined his hierarchical classification of animals.
Plagiuri: an early,now disused, biological subclassification of fish used by Linnaeus that also included dolphins and whales.
Anthropomorpha: a defunct taxon established by Linnaeus for genera Homo (humans), Simia (monkeys and apes in general) and Bradypus (sloths).
Cladogram: A branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationship between species.
Dimetrodon: An extinct carnivorous synapsid related to early mammals.
Plesiosaur: An extinct marine reptile with a long neck related to modern snakes.

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Why Is A Group Of Crows Called A “Murder”?

Tue, 04 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Collective Noun: A noun that denotes a group of individuals.
Terms of Venery: Collective nouns specific to certain groups of animals.
Clowder: A term for a group of cats that means roughly, huddle, and comes from the same root as clot.

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Ambergris: Why Perfume Makers Love Constipated Whales

Mon, 03 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Sperm Whale: (Physeter macrocephalus) The largest toothed-whale, found in oceans all around the world, and likely the only whale besides the Pygmy Sperm Whale to produce ambergris.
Cephalopod: An active predatory mollusk like an octopus or a squid.
Cetacean: A marine mammal like a porpoise, dolphin or whale.
Colon: The part of the large intestine that goes from the cecum to the rectum.
Rectum: The last part of the intestine that ends in the anus.
Eau de toilette: A dilute form of perfume

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Oxbow Lake

Sun, 02 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Square Cube

Sat, 01 Feb 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Are Snakes So Creepy?

Fri, 31 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Ophidiophobia: The abnormal fear of snakes
Lateral Undulation: Waves of lateral bending through the body that propel the snake forward.
Trichromatic Vision: Three color receptors in the eye that allow the animal to see a wider spectrum of colors.
Electroencephalogram: A non-invasive method of measuring electrical activity in the brain.

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Why Did T Rex Have Such Tiny Arms?

Thu, 30 Jan 2025 13:10:00 -0000

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Evolutionary Mechanisms: Forces that change the frequency of genes in populations.
Natural Selection: The process whereby traits that make animals more likely to survive and reproduce take hold in a population.
Vestigiality: The process by which a genetically-determined structure loses some or all of its functionality.
Genetic Drift: A change in the frequency of an allele due to random sampling.

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Why Is Poop Brown And Pee Yellow?

Wed, 29 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Red blood cells (RBCs), also called erythrocytes, are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen
Hemoglobin also spelled haemoglobin and abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.
Bilirubin is a yellow compound that occurs in the normal catabolic pathway that breaks down heme in vertebrates.
Urobilinogen is a colourless by-product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action on bilirubin. About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney.
Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine.
Stercobilin is the chemical responsible for the brown color of human feces.

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Should We Grow Human Organs In Pigs?

Tue, 28 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Organ transplantation - surgically transferring an organ from one person into another.
Xenotransplantation - transplanting organs between members of different species.
Transplant rejection - when the organ recipient’s immune system destroys transplanted tissue.
Pluripotent stem cells - embryonic cells that can give rise to all the different types of cells that make up the body.
CRISPR - a genome editing tool that allows scientists to modify genes in living cells.

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Why Don't Americans Eat Reindeer?

Mon, 27 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Reindeer - the smaller, (semi-)domesticated version/subspecies of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)
Caribou - the wild, north American subspecies of Rangifer tarandus (Rangifer tarandus granti and others).
Wild reindeer - the wild, European/Asian subspecies of Rangifer tarandus.
Herding - bringing animals together into a group, maintaining the group, and moving the group from place to place
Rain-on-snow event - exactly what it sounds like! Rain that falls on snow, freezes into a thick layer of impenetrable ice over pastures, and causes mass starvation of reindeer (or caribou).

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Cannibal Hamsters

Sun, 26 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Air Conditioners

Sat, 25 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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How These Sea Shells Know the Weather in Greenland

Fri, 24 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Foraminifera: a class of single-celled marine organisms – protists, not animals – that live either near the surface ("planktonic foraminifera") or on the seafloor ("benthic foraminifera"). Called forams for short.
Climate proxy: something that tells us what the climate was like in the past, such as data from the thickness of tree rings, the composition of gases trapped in ancient ice, historical human records of annual bloom times (eg the long-recorded bloom dates of cherry trees in Kyoto, Japan), or the ratios of certain stable isotopes found in shells, corals, or other biogenic substances
Oxygen-18: a stable isotope of oxygen that contains 8 protons and 10 neutrons, rather than the 8 protons and 8 neutrons of "regular" oxygen (oxygen-16). The ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16 in seawater (and sea shells) can be used as a proxy for the global average temperature
Ice sheet: a permanent layer of ice covering land, as found in polar regions (and as distinguished from sea ice, like the stuff that floats at the north pole in the Arctic ocean). Combined, the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets contain more than 99% of the total freshwater ice on Earth.

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How Humans Made Malaria So Deadly

Thu, 23 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Malaria - a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
Parasite - an organism that benefits by living in/on a host organism and deriving nutrients at the host's expense.
Host - an organism in/on which another organism lives.
Protozoa - a group of single-celled microscopic animals (not bacteria or viruses) that includes the Plasmodium species.
Plasmodium - a genus of parasitic protozoa, many of which cause malaria in their hosts. Four species regularly infect humans: P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, & P. ovale.
P. falciparum - the Plasmodium species that kills the most people, by causing malignant malaria, the most dangerous form of malaria.
Anopheles gambiae - a ‘complex' of at least seven species of mosquitoes that are the main vectors of P. falciparum in sub-Saharan Africa.
Species complex - a group of closely related species that look so similar that the boundaries between them are often unclear.
Hunting and gathering - depending primarily on wild foods for subsistence
Paleontology - the study of fossils and what fossils tell us about the past, about evolution, and about how humans fit into the world.

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Why Only Some Monkeys Have Awesome Tails

Wed, 22 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Prehensile Tail: An animal tail that can grasp or hold objects. A wide range of animals have prehensile tails, including mammals (like opossums and kinkajous), reptiles (like chameleons), amphibians (like salamanders), and fish (seahorses).
Old World Monkeys (Cercopithecidae): A family of primates native to Africa and Asia that includes baboons, guenons and macaques – all of which have non-prehensile tails.
New World Monkeys (Platyrrhini): A family of primates native to Central and South America that includes spider monkeys, howlers, and capuchins – all of which have prehensile tails.
Prehensile tails evolved twice in new world monkeys: In atelines (spider monkey and howlers) the prehensile tail tip is like a finger and incredibly dextrous. In cebines (capuchin monkeys) the tip is furry and not quite as dextrous.

*Species featured in this video:

Spider Monkey (and Diddy Kong!)

Ficus insipida (tripical fig tree)

Barbary Macaque (from Northern Africa)

Rhesus Macaque(from India)

Opossum

Chameleon

Salamander (Aneides lugubris)

Seahorses (actually Horsea!)

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Why Are There So Many Tigers In Texas?

Tue, 21 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Crypsis: An animal’s ability to avoid detection by other animals. Tigers use camouflage crypsis as part of their predation strategy.
Apex Predator: An animal on top of the food chain with no natural predator in its ecosystem.
Camera Trap: A motion-sensor activated camera to capture images of animals in the wild with as little human interference as possible.
Cultural Climate: Shared perceptions and attitudes in a particular area.

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Why Do Animals Eat Their Babies?

Mon, 20 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Filial cannibalism: is a form of infanticide that occurs when an adult individual of a species consumes all or part of the young of its own species or immediate offspring.

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Arctic Colors

Sun, 19 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Coyotes are very closely related to wolves and dogs

Sat, 18 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Why Biodiversity Is Good For The Economy

Fri, 17 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Biodiversity - the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems
Conservation - ethical use and protection of valuable natural resources (e.g. trees, minerals, wildlife, water)
Ecosystem - a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment
Ecosystem services - benefits people obtain from ecosystems (four categories: supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural)
Richness - the number of species in an ecological community, landscape, or region
Pollinators - animals that help plants reproduce by moving pollen from male flowers to female flowers
Pollution - the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment (e.g. chemicals, particles, noise, heat, light)

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How Different Are Different Types of Dogs?

Thu, 16 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Breed group: A grouping of dog breeds based on their historical jobs.
Dog personality traits: Levels of playfulness, curiosity, sociability, and aggressiveness that dogs exhibit based on testing.
Animal Cognition: The study of the mental capacities of animals.
Confirmation bias: The tendency to interpret evidence in favor of one’s existing beliefs.

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Which Parts Of The Brain Do What?

Wed, 15 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Brain lesion: Damage to the brain caused by disease or injury.
Broca’s area: Region in the frontal lobe associated with speech production.
Fusiform face area: Structure near the back of the brain associated with facial recognition.
Hippocampus: Seahorse-shaped brain structure associated with memory formation.
Amygdala: Small brain structure associated with emotions and memories.
fMRI: An imaging procedure that measures brain activity by tracking changes associated with blood flow.

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The Faint Young Sun Paradox!

Tue, 14 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Abiogenesis – the process of life arising from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
Amino Acids – a class of organic compounds. Twenty of the roughly 500 known amino acids appear in the genetic code, and, when strung together into long chains, form the basic building blocks of proteins.
Faint Young Sun Paradox – describes the apparent contradiction between evidence for a warm ancient Earth, and stellar models, which predict that the young Sun was 25% dimmer than today's Sun. First described by Carl Sagan and George Mullen in 1972.
The Miller–Urey experiment – a landmark experiment in the 1950s in which scientists demonstrated that amino acids could form spontaneously from inorganic gases present in Earth's early atmosphere
Snowball Earth – a climatic state of Earth in which the entire surface becomes frozen over.

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How To (Literally) Save Earth

Mon, 13 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Let’s categorize dogs!

Sun, 12 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Caffeinated Bees

Sat, 11 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Can Math Explain How Animals Get Their Patterns?

Fri, 10 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Null Island: The Busiest Place That Doesn't Exist

Thu, 09 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Which Bear Is Best?

Wed, 08 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Bering land bridge: an ancient land bridge that connected Asia and North America at various times during the Quaternary glaciation, allowing Homo sapiens and other species migrations.
The Holocene extinction: (also referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction) is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch (since around 10,000 BCE) mainly due to human activity. The Holocene extinction includes the disappearance of large land animals known as megafauna, starting between 9,000 and 13,000 years ago, the end of the last Ice Age.
Atlatl (spear-thrower): is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in dart-throwing.
Bile bears: sometimes called battery bears, are bears kept in captivity to harvest their bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, which is used by some traditional Chinese medicine practitioners, though there is no evidence that bear bile has any medicinal effect, and no plausible mechanism by which it might work.

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Would You Drink Water Made From Sewage?

Tue, 07 Jan 2025 08:10:00 -0000

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Disgust: A feeling of revulsion at something unpleasant
Emotion: A mental state that arises spontaneously.
Pathogen: A tiny living organism that can cause disease.
Reverse Osmosis: A way to purify water by pushing it through a semipermeable membrane.
Toilet-to-tap: A framing device used by recycled water opponents to cause people to think of sewage.
NEWater: The brand name given to recycled water in Singapore.

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Orchids: The Masters Of Lying, Cheating & Stealing

Mon, 06 Jan 2025 08:05:00 -0000

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Mycelium
Mycorrizhae: a fungus that grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship.
Mycoheterotroph: A plant that is completely reliant on fungus for all of its nutrition.
Sexual deception: A trick used by numerous orchid species of looking and/or smelling like female insects in order to draw male insects to their flowers (for pollination)
Food deception: Rather than offering pollinators real food rewards (such as nectar or pollen), some orchids merely mimic the looks and smells of other, nearby flowers that offer such rewards.
Pollinia: In most flowering plants, pollen is a powdery substance made up of tons of individual pollen grains. But orchids pack their grains into a couple of sticky sacks (pollinia) instead.
Epiphyte: A plant that grows harmlessly upon another plant. Lots of tropical orchids are epiphytes
Lithophyte: A plant that grows on rocks

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Grass is the ultimate comeback kid

Sun, 05 Jan 2025 08:05:00 -0000

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Measuring the speed of light in your microwave

Sat, 04 Jan 2025 08:05:00 -0000

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How We Make MinuteEarth Videos (Behind the Scenes)

Fri, 03 Jan 2025 08:05:00 -0000

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Why We Sucked At Counting Fish (Until Now)

Thu, 02 Jan 2025 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Milky Way: Earth's home galaxy
The Malaspina Expedition 2010: A research project to explore ocean biodiversity by recreating the path of a late 18th Century scientific expedition.
Sonar: A technique that uses soundwaves to map out underwater objects.
Avoidance of Trawl: A behavior in which fish move out of the way of an incoming net, perhaps through bioluminescent signalling.
Bioluminescence: Light produced by a living organism.
Deep water fish: Fish who live more than 500m below the ocean surface in the Mesopelagic, Epipelagic, and Bathypelagic zones.

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The Energy Cost of a YouTube Video

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 08:05:00 -0000

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Data: information, typically stored on computers via electrical signals
Electrons: small elementary particles that flow through wires to transmit power and data
Photons: small elementary particles of light that carry information from screens to your face
Local Metro Network: computer network on the scale of a city, town, neighborhood, etc
Live action video: a video recording of the real world (people, scenery, etc) created using a camera
Data compression: storing data (pictures, video, text files, etc) in less space than the way it’s normally displayed. Kind of like a modern version of microfilm. Or words.
Illustrated video: video created using computer software to generate still images, kind of like a fancy powerpoint slideshow

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Should We Contact Uncontacted Peoples?

Tue, 31 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Who Are Flowers Trying To Seduce?

Mon, 30 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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The cat’s meow is only for humans

Sun, 29 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Ichthyology is all Greek to me!

Sat, 28 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How Much Does Meat Actually Cost?

Fri, 27 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Externality: a cost or benefit caused by an activity that affects other parties but is not taken into consideration (e.g. by being reflected in purchase prices)
Hidden cost: a cost not included in the purchase price, such as additional expenses, opportunity costs, or externalities
Social Cost: an expense to society that is the sum of the private costs paid by a firm or individual, and the externalities paid by other parties
Reducetarianism: the practice of eating less meat (& dairy, eggs, & other animal products), which may be appealing because not everyone is able or willing to follow a completely meat-free diet.

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How Mushrooms Make It Rain

Thu, 26 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Males vs. Females: Sexual Conflict

Wed, 25 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Sexual conflict: an evolutionary mismatch between the interests of males and females, especially concerning mating strategies

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Which Fish Did We Evolve From?

Tue, 24 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How Many Mass Extinctions Have There Been?

Mon, 23 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Mass Extinction Event: a significant, global decrease in the diversity of life
"Big 5": The five biggest mass extinction events since the Cambrian explosion of Life 550 million years ago
Biodiversity Crisis: Like a mass extinction, a biodiversity crisis is a marked depletion in diversity in the fossil record. Some scientists prefer to call the late-Devonian extinction a "biodiversity crisis" because a lack of speciation contributed to the loss in diversity just as much as extinction did.
Diversity curve: A line chart that shows the diversity of life (usually by genera, but sometimes by species or family) over time
Lagerstatte: a deposit of sedimentary rock that contains a profound number of fossils, often with excellent preservation
Shareholder Quorum Subsampling: A statistical method that corrects for some of the biases in the fossil record, allowing scientists to generate more accurate diversity curves

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The black panther isn’t a species of cat

Sun, 22 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Jaguars and Leopards: how to tell them apart

Sat, 21 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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This is Not A Pine Tree

Fri, 20 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why Do Rivers Have Deltas?

Thu, 19 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Climate Change: The View From MinuteEarth

Wed, 18 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Epigenetics: Why Inheritance Is Weirder Than We Thought

Tue, 17 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How To Avoid The Next Atlantis

Mon, 16 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Let’s categorize cats!

Sun, 15 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Orchids are liars, impostors and moochers, but the Australian Hammer Orchid is the worst

Sat, 14 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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The Real Reason Leaves Change Color In the Fall

Fri, 13 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Leaf senescence
Chlorophyll
Carotenoid
Anthocyanin

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How Risky Are Vaccines?

Thu, 12 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How Fighting Wildfires Makes Them Worse

Wed, 11 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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We're Oversalting Our Food, And It's Not What You Think

Tue, 10 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why Are There Dangerous Ingredients In Vaccines?

Mon, 09 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

adjuvant: substance added to a vaccine to enhance the body's immune response and increase the vaccine's efficacy
attenuation: altering a pathogen to make it less virulent (or even harmless)
acquired immunity: components of the immune system that are developed via exposure to pathogens or other sources of infection

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“emoticon” vs. “emoji”

Sun, 08 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Porcupines!

Sat, 07 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Do We Have to Get Old and Die?

Fri, 06 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

negligible senescence: not showing signs of age-related progression
biological immortality: having a mortality rate that does not increase with increasing age

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Is Climate Change Just A Lot Of Hot Air?

Thu, 05 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Extreme weather: Conditions and events that occur with low frequency, but which often have significant impact on people and nature; e.g., heat waves, droughts, heavy downpours, floods, blizzards, windstorms, hurricanes
Ocean heat content: the energy stored as heat in the ocean
Evapotranspiration: the movement of water vapor from land, water, plant, or animal surface into the atmosphere, driven by the drying power of the air

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Are We Really 99% Chimp?

Wed, 04 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Rain's Dirty Little Secret

Tue, 03 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Condensation: the process of water molecules glomming together into visible droplets
Condensation nuclei: tiny solid particles that water vapor condenses onto (also called aerosols)
Homogeneous condensation: condensation without any kind of condensation nuclei
Dew point: the temperature below which water vapor starts to condense into droplets
Heterogeneous condensation: condensation that happens with the help of condensation nuclei
Critical Embryo: a cluster of water molecules big enough to easily gain more molecules
Cloud chamber: a cool thing to check out if you want to build a particle detector at home (it involves pumping a bunch of water vapor into pure air; when a particle passes through, it leaves a streak of ionized water molecules that, in super-saturated air, can act as condensation nuclei!)

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Should We Let Pandas Go Extinct?

Mon, 02 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Keystone species: a species that plays a crucial role in the functioning of an ecosystem
Flagship species: species used as an icon for an environmental cause
Threatened species: species assessed by the IUCN as critically endangered, endangered, or vulnerable
Triage: assigning degrees of urgency to a large number of patients to determine the order of treatment

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Bamboo is a grass

Sun, 01 Dec 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Life sucks if you’re a male - hyena, that is

Sat, 30 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why Are There Clouds?

Fri, 29 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why Don't Scavengers Get Sick?

Thu, 28 Nov 2024 06:05:00 -0000

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Why do Some Species Thrive in Cities?

Wed, 27 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Tidal Locking | Why Do We Only See One Side of the Moon?

Tue, 26 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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This Is Your Brain On Extreme Weather

Mon, 25 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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You can’t judge a bark by its cover

Sun, 24 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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The real kids meal

Sat, 23 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why Poor Places Are More Diverse

Fri, 22 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Plate Tectonics Explained

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why Do Rivers Curve?

Wed, 20 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How two butterflies became one

Tue, 19 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How to Build a Better City

Mon, 18 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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This duck is screwed up

Sun, 17 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Smaller brains, better pets

Sat, 16 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why Do Bats Carry So Many Diseases? (like Coronavirus)

Fri, 15 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Why is it Hot Underground?

Thu, 14 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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The Secret Social Life of Plants

Wed, 13 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Invasion of the Yellow Crazy Ants!

Tue, 12 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Ocean Confetti!

Mon, 11 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Microbes...ughhh...right?

Sun, 10 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Which of these is a bee?

Sat, 09 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How To Date A Planet

Fri, 08 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Poop Transplants!

Thu, 07 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Are any Animals Truly Monogamous?

Wed, 06 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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Where Did Earth's Water Come From?

Tue, 05 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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How do Trees Survive Winter?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:34:00 -0000

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How Your Dog Can Protect You Before You're Born

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:33:00 -0000

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Birds that Hibernate in Lakes?!

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:32:00 -0000

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What Happened To This Car?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:31:00 -0000

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How to Make a Seashell - Just Add Water!

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:30:00 -0000

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Why is All Sand the Same?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:28:00 -0000

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How Our Honey is Made

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:27:00 -0000

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What is Skin For?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:26:00 -0000

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Which Came First — the Rain or Rainforests?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:25:00 -0000

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The One That Got Away (Size Matters)

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:24:00 -0000

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The Biggest Organism on Earth

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:23:00 -0000

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How to Survive a Lightning Strike

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:22:00 -0000

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Denizens of the Deep

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:21:00 -0000

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Trash vs. Garbage

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:20:00 -0000

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Garbage Doesn't Lie

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:19:00 -0000

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The Hottest Place on Earth

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:18:00 -0000

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The Great North American Locust Plague

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:17:00 -0000

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Do Fetuses Poop?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:16:00 -0000

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How the little guy can compete against the big guy

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:15:00 -0000

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Ecological niche: is the match of a species to a specific environmental condition.
Niche differentiation: refers to the process by which competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist.

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Left vs Right

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:14:00 -0000

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Our Atmosphere is Escaping!

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:13:00 -0000

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400 Parts in a Million: The World's Biggest Experiment

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:12:00 -0000

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What is Freezer Burn?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:11:00 -0000

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The Return of the Bedbugs: They Won't Go Away

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:10:00 -0000

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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:

Cimex lectularius: is a species of Cimicidae (bed bugs). Its primary hosts are humans, and it is one of the world's major "nuisance pests". Both male and female Cimex lectularius feed on humans.
Traumatic insemination: also known as hypodermic insemination, is the mating practice in some species of invertebrates in which the male pierces the female's abdomen with his aedeagus and injects his sperm through the wound into her abdominal cavity (hemocoel).
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane: commonly known as DDT, is a chemical compound originally developed as an insecticide. DDT was used in the second half of World War II to limit the spread of the insect-borne diseases malaria and typhus among civilians and troops. Due to its environmental impacts it was banned in the United States for agricultural uses in 1972. A worldwide ban on agricultural use has been in effect since 2004.
Pesticide resistance: describes the decreased susceptibility of a pest population to a pesticide that was previously effective at controlling the pest. Pest species evolve pesticide resistance via natural selection: the most resistant specimens survive and pass on their acquired heritable changes traits to their offspring.

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The Surprising History of Frozen Food

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:09:00 -0000

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Why Does Earth Have Deserts?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:08:00 -0000

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How Tall Can Mountains Be?

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:07:00 -0000

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SUPPORT MINUTEEARTH

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Why Are Leaves Green? Part 2

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:06:00 -0000

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Why Are Leaves Green? Part 1

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:05:00 -0000

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MinuteEarth: The Story of Our Planet

Mon, 04 Nov 2024 08:04:00 -0000

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MinuteEarth Podcast Trailer

Mon, 07 Oct 2024 23:01:19 -0000

Why do rivers curve? Why did the T. rex have such tiny arms? And why do so many more kids need glasses now than they used to? Spoiler alert: it isn't screentime. From the creators of the popular science show with millions of YouTube subscribers comes the MinuteEarth podcast. Every episode of the show dives deep into a science question you might not even know you had - but once you hear the answer, you’ll want to share it with everyone you know. Our team of scientists digs into the research and breaks it down into a short, entertaining explanation jam-packed with science facts and terrible puns. We’ll tell the incredible story of how monkeys crossed the Atlantic ocean on natural rafts, and we’ll explain why it gets hotter the deeper you dig underground. If you like the Earth, then you’ll love MinuteEarth. Subscribe on Apple, Spotify, Amazon, or wherever you like to listen.

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MinuteEarth

Why Bees Mostly Ignore The Waggle Dance

Fetus Poop

Biological Control

There’s Really Only One Way To Die

yellow crazy ants

Invasive species

Could This Thing *Really* Fly?

Delta Works

Hottest Place

When Does It Make Sense To Kill Your Sibling?

Cold Sap

Frozen Trees

40 Years Without A New Antibiotic. Why?

Before rainforests

Rainforests

Why Hives Turn Against Their Queens

Garbage again

Garbage

Why Haven't We Domesticated Monkeys?

Deep Sea Fish

Metal Hoarders

There’s no such thing as a fake feather

Metal Hoarders

Metal Plants

Why is it always males that get eaten during sex?

Turbines

Dog Breeds

ALL THE CATS, EXPLAINED

Nefarious Plants

Plant Gossip

Why Don't Our Bones Keep Growing Forever?

Teamwork

Plant Injury

Do Mushrooms Benefit from Being Hallucinogenic?

Weight Dispute

Tallest Organism

Three Specific Ways AI Could Kill Us All

Immortal Jellyfish

Telomeres

How Deep Can Caves Get?

Scavenging Hyenas

Hyena Families

Why Grass Grows Better Under Trampolines

Hyena Poop

Young Earth

What Happens When Scientists Work With Unexpected Experts

You've Been Misled About The Water Cycle

What I Learned on Monkey Island

Bats and Viruses

Sugar Dust

ALL THE DOGS, EXPLAINED

Why Coyotes Are IMPOSSIBLE To Exterminate

The Problem with Antivenom

TNT vs Dynamite

The Norway rat

This Video Took Us 8 Years To Make

When Evolution Glitches Out

Why The Frequency Illusion Is Everywhere Now

Bulbasaur’s Feet

Opportunistic Researchers

Another Ancestor Paradox

Which Planet Has The Strongest Quakes?

The Science Of Slipperiness

Pollen Is Not Plant Sperm (It’s MUCH Weirder)

Your Favorite YouTube Channels Might Not Survive This

Could Pikachu exist in real life?

Could Charmander exist in real life?

How do fish get into isolated mountain lakes?

The Ancestor Paradox

inside of your body is REALLY LOUD

Are Scientists Going Extinct?

Why Don’t All Rivers Make Canyons?

Smallest Rodent

Lemmings Suicide

Why Haven't We Cured Cancer?

Electrical Wires Made Of Bacteria?!

What Happens When Predators Disappear?

Why Don't Snakes Poison Themselves?

Why Do Butterflies Bother Being Caterpillars?

Could This Thing Really Fly?

Why Do Heart Attacks Cause Arm Pain?